The Last Days of the Incas (72 page)
6.
REQUIEM FOR A KING
PAGE
| 118 | “In 1531 another great villain”: Bartolomé de Las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (London: Penguin, 1992), 107. |
| 118 | “When they reached the Governor”: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Historia General y Natural de las Indias , in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles , Vol. 5 (Madrid: 1959), 122. |
| 118 | “Politics have no relation”: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York: Bantam, 1966), 57. |
| 122 | “Almagro … did not want”: Pedro Pizarro, Relación del Descubrimiento y Conquista de los Reinos del Perú , in Colección de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España , Vol. 5 (Madrid: 1844), 245. |
| 124 | “To my sorely missed father”: James Lockhart, The Men of Cajamarca: A Social and Biographical Study of the First Conquistadors of Peru (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1972), 459. |
| 126 | “wept, saying that they”: Pedro Pizarro, Relación , 245. |
| 126 | “this fat man”: Hernando Pizarro, Confesión de Hernando Pizarro , in Colección de Documentos Inéditos Para la Historia de Chile , Vol. 5 (Santiago: 1889), 408. |
| 127 | “and that all these men are marching”: Francisco López de Xerez, Verdadera Relación de la Conquista del Perú , in Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , First Series, Vol. 5 (Lima: 1917), I07. |
| 127 | “What kind of treason is this”: Ibid., Io8. |
| 127 | “Are you joking?”: Ibid. |
| 127 | “It is true that if any warriors”: Pedro Cataiio, quoted in José Antonio de Busto Duthurburu, Una Relación y un Estudio Sobre la Conquista , in Revista Histórica, Organo del Instituto Histórico del Perú , Vol. 27 (Lima: 1964), 285. |
| 127 | “[He said] all of this without”: Xerez, Verdadera Relación , Io8. |
| 130 | “Insisting vehemently”: Miguel de Estete, El Descubrimiento y la Conquista del Perú , in Boletín de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Históricos Americanos , Vol. 1 (Quito: 1918), 328. |
| 130 | “should die by burning”: Xerez, Verdadera Relación , 110. |
| 130 | “Atahualpa wept [openly]”: Pedro Pizarro, Relación , 246. |
| 130 | “If they were going”: Ibid., 247. |
| 131 | “I saw the Governor weep”: Ibid. |
| 131 | “When he [Atahualpa] was taken”: Ibid., 248. |
| 132 | “[He instructed him in]”: Pedro Sancho de la Hoz, Relación para S.M. de lo Sucedido en la Conquista y Pacificación de Estas Provincias de la Nueva Castilla y de la Calidad de la Tierra , in Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , First Series, Vol. 5 (Lima: 1917), 127. |
| 133 | “Atahualpa said that he was entrusting”: C. Gangotena y Jirón, La Descendencia de Atahualpa , in Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Ecuador) , Vol. 38, No. 91 (Quito: 1958), 118. |
| 133 | “As the sky began turning”: The actual prayer Friar Valverde said is unknown. Eyewitnesses state that various prayers and credos were uttered during Atahualpa’s execution. |
| 134 | “With these last words”: Sancho de la Hoz, Relación , 127. |
| 134 | “He died on Saturday”: Xerez, Verdadera Relación , 111. |
| 135 | “a large felt hat”: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Historia General y Natural de las Indias , in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles , Vol. 121, Chapter 22 (Madrid: 1959), 122. |
| 135 | “no native warriors in the”: Ibid. |
| 136 | “I now see that I”: Ibid. |
| 136 | “eyes wet with tears”: Ibid. |
7.
THE PUPPET KING
PAGE
| 138 | “For a prince should”: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York: Bantam, 1966), 65. |
| 140 | “fleeing constantly from”: Cristóbal de Molina (of Santiago), Relación de Muchas Cosas Acaescidas en el Perú , in Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , Series 1, Vol. 1 (Lima: 1916), 156. |
| 140 | “[Manco Inca] said to the Governor”: Pedro Sancho de la Hoz, Relación para S.M. de lo Sucedido en la Conquista y Pacificación de Estas Provincias de la Nueva Castilla y de la Calidad de la Tierra , in Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , First Series, Vol. 5 (Lima: 1917), 167. |
| 142 | “They seemed like viracochas ”: Inca Diego de Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Relación de la Conquista del Perú , in Carlos Romero, Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , First Series, Vol. 2 (Lima: 1916), 8. |
| 145 | “in the greatest numbers”: Miguel de Estete, El Descubrimiento y la Conquista del Perú , in Boletín de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Históricos Americanos , Vol. 1 (Quito: 1918), 329. |
| 145 | “They killed three of our horses”: Juan Ruiz de Arce, Advertencias que Hizo el Fundador del Vínculo y Mayorazgo a Los Sucesores en Él , in Tres Testigos de la Conquista del Perú (Buenos Aires: 1953), 106. |
| 146 | “[The Spaniards] set up their camp”: Sancho de la Hoz, Relación , 169. |
| 146 | “We began marching towards the city”: Ruiz de Arce, Advertencias ,107. |
| 147 | “The Governor and his troops”: Sancho de la Hoz, Relación , 169. |
| 148 | “The Spaniards who have taken”: Ibid., 201. |
| 148 | “We entered [the city] without”: Estete, El Descubrimiento , 329. |
| 149 | “he was a prudent”: Sancho de la Hoz, Relación ,170. |
| 149 | “Once the fast was over”: Ibid., 130. |
| 150 | “They then received him”: Francisco López de Xerez, Verdadera Relación de la Conquista del Perú , in Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , First Series, Vol. 5 (Lima: 1917), 112. |
| 151 | “[They held] huge celebrations”: Estete, El Descubrimiento , 334. |
| 152 | “Once Mass had been said”: Sancho de la Hoz, Relación ,173. |
| 153 | “And so I request and require you”: Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: The Americas Through Indian Eyes Since 1492 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992), 66. |
| 153 | “sang many songs and gave thanks”: Estete, El Descubrimiento , 334. |
| 153 | “stood up … and handed”: Sancho de la Hoz, Relación ,173. |
| 154 | “for himself and [his]”: Rafael Loredo, Los Repartos: Bocetos para la Nueva Historia del Perú (Lima: 1958), 101. |
| 157 | Whatever else may be said: The anthropologist John Murra believed that the Incas were often given (unwarranted) credit for setting up a welfare system that had most likely existed long before any state governments in the Andes had appeared. Local communities were self-sufficient, Murra argued, and had always been so, and normally always cared for their poor. Nevertheless, various Spanish writers indicated that the vast storehouses of the Incas were indeed tapped for the local population if drought or other emergencies occurred. See John Murra, The Economic Organization of the Inka State (Greenwich: Jai, 1980), 121–37. |
| 157 | All male heads: Terrence N. D’Altroy, The Incas (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002), 266. |
| 161 | “His captains told Quisquis”: Francisco López de Gómara, Historia General de las Indias , Vol. 2, Chapter 128 (Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1932), 46. |
| 161 | “He [Quisquis] threatened”: Ibid. |
| 161 | “Quisquis heaped scorn upon them”: Ibid. |
| 161 | “Huaypalcon [one of Quisquis’s]”: Ibid. |
| 162 | “summoned Luyes, a great”: Marcos de Niza, quoted in Juan de Velasco, in Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Mínima (Historia del Reino de Quito) , Vol. 2, Book 4, Chapter 6 (Puebla: 1961), 239. |
8.
PRELUDE TO A REBELLION
PAGE
| 165 | “As God and my conscience”: Marcos de Niza, in Bartolomé de Las Casas, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (London: Penguin, 1992), 113. |
| 165 | “Men ought either”: Niccolò Machiavelli, Il Principe (Oxford: Clarendon, 1891), 188. |
| 168 | “Juan Pizarro and Gonzalo Pizarro”: Pedro de Cieza de León, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998), 371. |
| 168 | “From then on there were”: Ibid., 368. |
| 168 | “scandalously emerged”: Antonio de Herrera Tordesillas, Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierrafirme del Mar Océano , Vol. 11, Decada 5, Book 7, Chapter 6 (Madrid: 1950), 129. |
| 168 | “Juan Pizarro and Soto”: Pedro Pizarro, Relación del Descubrimiento y Conquista de los Reinos del Perú , in Colección de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España. Vol. 5 (Madrid: 1844), 285. |
| 168 | “Had the Christians fought”: Antonio Téllez de Guzmán, in Raúl Porras Barrenechea, Cartas del Perú , Carta 140 (Lima: 1959), 205. |
| 169 | “All of them were so frenzied”: Cieza de León, The Discovery , 372. |
| 171 | “a noisy group of them”: Cristóbal de Molina (of Santiago), Relación de Muchas Cosas Acaescidas en el Perú , in Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , Series 1, Vol. 1(Lima: 1916), 159. |
| 172 | “fine horseman and”: Agustín de Zárate, Historia del Descubrimiento y Conquista del Perú , in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles (Continuación) , Vol. 26, Book 5, Chapter 14 (Madrid: 1862), 522. |
| 172 | “he expressed himself well”: Ibid. |
| 173 | “As the greed of men”: Inca Diego de Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Relación de la Conquista del Perú , in Carlos Romero, Colección de Libros y Documentos Referentes a la Historia del Perú , First Series, Vol. 2 (Lima: 1916), 29. |
| 173 | “[who] was the daughter”: Molina, Relación , 163. |
| 174 | “Who gave you the authority”: Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Relación , 50. |
| 175 | “Come on, Mr. Manco Inca”: Ibid., 54. |
| 175 | “My father, seeing with”: Ibid. |
| 176 | “When the Spaniards saw her come out”: Ibid., 55. |
| 176 | “Mr. Manco Inca”: Ibid. |
| 176 | “Gonzalo Pizarro … took my wife”: Manco Inca, quoted in Porras Barrenechea, Cartas , Carta 217, 337. |
| 177 | “Those [natives] who did not”: Molina, Relación , 165. |
| 177 | “They carried off their wives”: Ibid., 166. |
| 177 | “[They] worked all day”: Ibid., 171. |
| 178 | “for no woman who was good-looking”: Ibid., 115. |
| 178 | “was smoldering and this was”: Ibid., 155. |
| 178 | “We cannot spend our entire”: Martín de Murúa, Historia General del Perú (Madrid: DASTIN, 2001), 222. |
| 179 | “I have sent for you in order”: Cieza de León, The Discovery , 408. |
| 180 | “They keep the daughters”: Pedro de Cieza de León, Crónica del Perú (Tercera Parte), Chap. xc (Lima: Universidad Católica del Perú, 1989), 300. |
| 181 | “[What] justice and reason”: Ibid. |
| 182 | “Manco Inca … sent messengers”: Murúa, Historia , 220. |
| 182 | “wretched, dark, and fearful”: Cieza de León, The Discovery , 409. |
| 182 | “dismounted from his horse”: Ibid., 410. |
| 183 | “[Manco] feared the enemy”: Cieza de León, Crónica del Perú , Chap. xc, 302. |
| 183 | “Gonzalo Pizarro ordered [his men]”: Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Relación , 45. |
| 183 | “I gave juan Pizarro 1,300”: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Historia General y Natural de las Indias , in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles , Vol. 121, Chapter 7 (Madrid: 1959), 155. |
| 184 | “What have I done to you?”: Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Relación , 30. |
| 184 | “Look, [Manco] Inca”: Ibid. |
| 185 | “They took and stole”: Molina, Relación ,173. |
| 187 | As a result, King Charles: Rafael Varón Gabai, Francisco Pizarro and His Brothers (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 44. |
| 190 | Hernando—the only Pizarro: Some sources state that Francisco Pizarro may have served as a soldier in the wars in Italy, sometime before his departure for the New World in 1502, although Pizarro himself never mentioned any military service. See José Antonio del Busto Duthurburu, Pizarro , Vol. 1 (Lima: Ediciones Copé, 2000), 58. |
| 191 | “Manco Inca took refuge”: Pedro Pizarro, Relación , 288. |
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