Read The Last Lion Box Set: Winston Spencer Churchill, 1874 - 1965 Online
Authors: William Manchester,Paul Reid
Tags: #Biography & Autobiography, #Europe, #Great Britain, #History, #Military, #Nonfiction, #Presidents & Heads of State, #Retail, #World War II
174
. Charles Lindbergh, 73.
175
. Jones, 409–411.
176
. Telford Taylor, 851; Shirer,
Nightmare Years
, 238.
177
. DBFP series 3, vol. I, nos. 171, 170.
178
. DGFP series D, vol. II, no. 154.
179
.
Times
6/3/38; Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 376.
180
. ChP 2/329.
181
. DBFP series 3, vol. I, no. 219, app. III.
182
. Foreign Office Papers 271/1719; ChP 2/329.
183
. ChP 2/340.
184
. ChP 2/340; Churchill,
Storm
, 286;
Times
5/17/38.
185
. DGFP series D, vol. II, no. 13.
186
. DBFP series 3, vol. I.
187
. DBFP series 3, vol. I; DGFP series D, vol. II.
188
. Telford Taylor, 392–393.
189
. Telford Taylor, 655.
190
. H. L. Mencken,
On Being an American
, 1923; NCA, V, 743–744.
191
.
Daily Telegraph
7/6/38, 7/26/38; ChP 2/330.
192
. ChP 2/340, 2/331.
193
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, app. IV.
194
. ND II, 10.
195
. Helmuth Groscurth,
Tagebücher eines Abwehroffiziers 1938–1940
, edited by Helmut Krausnick and Harold Deutsch (Stuttgart, 1970), 9/2/38; 9/4/38.
196
. Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 426.
197
. TMWC X, 509.
198
. Hermann Förtsch,
Schuld und Verhangnis
(Stuttgart, 1951), 173–174.
199
. Dalton, 182.
200
. ChP 2/331.
201
. PrP 1/266.
202
. Churchill,
Storm
, 293–294.
203
. PrP 1/265.
204
. Telford Taylor, 670; Dilks, ed., 95.
205
. CAB 23/95.
206
. PrP 1/266.
207
. PrP 1/266.
208
. Feiling, 357.
209
. DGFP series D, vol. II, no. 42.
210
. WSC V, 969;
Times
9/7/38.
211
. ChP 2/331.
212
. Dalton, 174–175.
213
. Dilks, ed., 95.
214
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, nos. 775, 815, 818, 819, 823, 825; Dilks, ed., 96; Gilbert and Gott, 138; Harvey, 172–173.
215
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 482.
216
.
Standard
9/13/38; CAB 23/95.
217
. Telford Taylor, 676–677.
218
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 862.
219
. Harvey, 9/15/38; Feiling, 333; ChP 2/331.
220
. WM/R. A. Butler 12/5/80; DBFP series 3, vol. I, no. 120; ChP 1/325.
221
. WM/Macmillan.
222
. Sir John Wheeler-Bennett,
Munich: Prologue to Tragedy
(New York, 1948), 108; Feiling, 366.
223
. N. Chamberlain Papers, in Feiling, 366.
224
. Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 335, 386; DGFP series D, vol. II, no. 487.
225
. ChP 2/343; N. Chamberlain Papers.
226
. Duff Cooper, 229; CAB 23/95.
227
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 907;
Le Populaire
9/20/38.
228
. ChP 8/612; DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 907.
229
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, nos. 928, 951, 952, 961.
230
.
Times
9/20/38; DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 978.
231
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 973.
232
. Dalton, 196.
233
. Foreign Relations of the U.S., 1938, III.
234
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1008.
235
. ChP 2/331.
236
. ChP 4/92.
237
. ChP 9/132.
238
. Nicolson, I, 363–364.
239
. Telford Taylor, 806 fn; DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1033.
240
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1076.
241
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1043.
242
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1058.
243
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, nos. 463, 773, 499–508.
244
. Paul Schmidt,
Hitler’s Interpreter
(New York, 1951), 95–102; Henderson, 156–162;
Times
9/24/38.
245
. Dilks, ed., 9/24/38.
246
. CAB 23/95, Duff Cooper, 234.
247
. Duff Cooper, 234; A. J. P. Taylor,
Origins of the Second World War
(New York, 1961), 177.
248
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1092.
249
. Shirer,
Berlin Diary
, 141–142.
250
.
NYT
9/28/38.
251
. WM/Macmillan; Macmillan, 507.
252
. Macmillan, 505, 507; WM/Macmillan; E. S. Turner,
The Phoney War
(London, 1961), 55.
253
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1231.
254
.
Times
9/29/38; Kirkpatrick, 124–125; Nicolson, I, 370–371; Macmillan, 506.
255
. Macmillan, 506; WM/Macmillan.
256
. Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 411; Telford Taylor, 897.
257
. Templewood Papers; Peterpaul Donat,
“Das Munchener Abkommen vom 20. September 1938,” Deutsches Adelsblatt
no. 6 (1971), 82; Brian Gardner,
Churchill in Power: As Seen by His Contemporaries
(Boston, 1970) 11.
258
. WM/Walter Lippmann, 10/10/64.
259
. Hansard 10/3/38.
260
.
Daily Telegraph
3/1/65.
261
. Nicolson, I, 372.
262
. WSC V, 988.
263
. Telford Taylor, 50–53.
264
. Count Galeazzo Ciano,
The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943
, edited by Hugh Wilson (New York, 1946), 166.
265
. DBFP series 3, vol. II, no. 1210.
266
. Feiling, 376.
267
. Telford Taylor, 48–49.
268
. Colin Coote,
A Companion of Honour: The Story of Walter Elliot
(London, 1965), 174.
269
. Coote, 174.
270
. Coote, 174; Gardner, 13.
271
. Telford Taylor, 49.
272
. Wm/Shirer; Boothby,
Rebel
, 130.
273
. G. E. R. Gedye,
Fallen Bastions
(London, 1939), 488–489; Churchill,
Storm
, 322.
274
. International Military Tribunal, X, 572, 600, 772; Churchill,
Storm
, 302.
275
. IMT, XIII, S. 4; ND 739–PS.
276
. Amery, III, 337; J. P. Sartre,
The Reprieve
(London, 1947), 398.
277
. Gilbert and Gott, 179; Middlemas and Barnes, 179; Telford Taylor, 64–65.
278
. Shirer,
Berlin Diary
, 147–148; N. Chamberlain Papers.
279
. Feiling, 376.
280
. Nicolson, I, 371.
281
. Halifax, 200; WM/Lord Lloyd, 11/27/80.
282
. Rhodes James,
Failure
, 373; Duff Cooper, 243; ChP 2/350; Churchill,
Storm
, 234.
1
. ChP 2/350; WSC V, 991–992.
2
. Hugh Dalton,
Memoirs, 1931–1945: The Fateful Years
(London, 1957), 198; WM/Malcolm MacDonald, 11/6/80; Hansard 11/24/38.
3
. Hansard 10/3/38.
4
. John Evelyn Wrench,
Geoffrey Dawson and Our Times
(London, 1955), 378.
5
. CAB 23/95; Hansard 10/3/38.
6
. Hansard 10/3/38.
7
. Harold Nicolson,
Diaries and Letters, 1930–1962
, edited by Nigel Nicolson, 3 vols. (London, 1966), I, 374.
8
. Hansard 10/3/38.
9
. Hansard 10/5/38.
10
. Hansard 10/5/38.
11
. Brian Gardner,
Churchill in Power: As Seen by His Contemporaries
(Boston, 1970), 11; Robert Rhodes James,
Churchill: A Study in Failure, 1900–1939
(London, 1970), 373.
12
. WM/Lady Soames, 10/9/80; Mary Soames,
Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage
(Boston, 1979), 363; WM/Lady Diana Cooper, 10/20/80.
13
. WM/Harold Macmillan, 12/4/80; Harold Macmillan,
Winds of Change
, 1914–1939 (London, 1966), 485; B. H. Liddell Hart,
The Memoirs of Captain Liddell Hart
, 2 vols. (London, 1965), II, 211.
14
. Alfred Duff Cooper,
Old Men Forget
(London, 1953), 232.
15
. WM/Macmillan; Nicolson, I, 377–378.
16
. WM/Lady Soames.
17
. Hansard, 10/6/38; ChP 2/332.
18
. ChP 2/336, 2/332; WSC V, 1006.
19
. A. J. P. Taylor,
The Origins of the Second World War
(New York, 1962), 123, 96, 116; Martin Gilbert,
Churchill’s Political Philosophy
(Oxford, 1981), 910.
20
. Sir Keith Feiling,
The Life of Neville Chamberlain
(London, 1946), 406; Dalton, 202.
21
. Kenneth Young,
Churchill and Beaverbrook: A Study in Friendship and Politics
(New York, 1966), 128–129; WSC V, 1012.
22
. WSC V, 1012, 1014–1015.
23
. ChP 1/344.
24
. Lord Strang,
Home and Abroad
(London, 1964), cited in Telford Taylor,
Munich: The Price of Peace
(New York, 1979), 549.
25
. Kay Halle,
The Irrepressible Churchill: A Treasury of Winston Churchill’s Wit
(New York, 1967), 140–141; Oliver Harvey,
The Diplomatic Diaries of Oliver Harvey 1937–1940
, edited by John Harvey (London, 1970), 12/25/38.
26
. Hansard 11/17/38; WSCHCS 6046–6048.
27
. WSCHCS 6046–6048.
28
. Nicolson, I, 375–376; ChP 8/597.
29
. DGFP series D, vol. IV, no. 249.
30
. Nicolson, I, 384; CAB 23/97; Winston S. Churchill,
The Gathering Storm
(Boston, 1948), 329.
31
. Churchill,
Storm
, 329–330.
32
. Nicolson, I, 382.
33
. WM/Grace Hamblin, 11/4/80; ChP 8/624.
34
. Foreign Office Papers 371/22963.
35
. Halle, 255.
36
.
Daily Telegraph
1/12/39.
37
. Vincent Sheean,
Between the Thunder and the Sun
(New York, 1943), 73–74.
38
. ChP 1/343; WM/Lady Diana Cooper; Virginia Cowles,
Winston Churchill: The Era and the Man
(New York, 1953), 307.
39
. BSCP 1/8/39.
40
. Perry Knowlton, Adam Deixel, and Ian Gonzales at Curtis Brown; ChP 1/344; WM/Lady Soames.
41
. Soames, 364.
42
. Soames, 367; BSCP 12/20/38.
43
. ChP 2/378.
44
. ChP 1/332; Soames, 368.
45
. WSC V, 1044.
46
. F. Nietzsche,
Beyond Good and Evil
, trans. Hellen Zimmern (London, 1923), IV, 146;
Frankfurter Zeitung
11/5/38.
47
. ChP 9/133; WM/A. J. P. Taylor, 12/1/80.
48
. WSCV, 1043.
49
. N. Chamberlain Papers.
50
. WSCV, 1045.
51
. Phyllis Moir,
I Was Winston Churchill’s Private Secretary
(New York, 1941), 100.
52
. Martin Gilbert,
Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years
(London, 1981), 248.
53
. DGFP series D, vol. IV, nos. 55, 61; ChP 2/340.
54
. ChP 3/12/39.
55
.
NYT
3/17/39.
56
. William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
(New York, 1960), 445–446.
57
. Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 445–446; Dalton, 226–227.
58
. Martin Gilbert,
Sir Horace Rumbold: Portrait of a Diplomat
(London, 1973), 442.
59
. Winston S. Churchill,
Step by Step: 1936–1939 Articles
(London, 1939), 302–303.
60
. A. J. P. Taylor, 192; WM/A. J. P. Taylor; Rhodes James,
Failure
, 377.
61
. Gardner, 9–10.
62
. Hansard 3/15/39.
63
.
Times
3/18/39.
64
. DGFP series D, vol. IV, no. 244.
65
. Martin Gilbert and Richard Gott,
The Appeasers
(Boston, 1963), 209–210.
66
. Hansard 5/26/39.
67
. Hansard 5/26/39.
68
. WM/Lord Boothby, 10/16/18; Hansard 5/26/39.
69
. Gilbert and Gott, 212.
70
. ChP 2/358.
71
. ND UdSSR-172; ChP 8/628.
72
. Hansard 3/18/39.
73
. WSC V, 1069.
74
. WSC V, 1070.
75
. William L. Shirer,
The Collapse of the Third Republic
(New York, 1969), 418.
76
. Gardner, 12.
77
. N. Chamberlain Papers.
78
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, nos. 288, 298, 390, 397, 398, 395.
79
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, nos. 298, 390, 397, 398.
80
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, nos. 298, 390, 397, 398.
81
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, nos. 298, 390, 397, 398.
82
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, no. 395.
83
. Leon Noėl,
L’Agression allemande contre la Pologne
(Paris, 1946), 326 note 1.
84
. Telford Taylor, 421; Churchill,
Storm
, 350.
85
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, no. 433.
86
. DBFP series 3, vol. IV, nos. 433, 447; Józef Beck,
Final Report
(New York, 1957), 187–189.
87
. Gilbert and Gott, 240; CAB 27/624; DBFP series 3, vol. IV, nos. 515, 516.
88
. ChP 2/340.
89
. Ian Colvin,
The Chamberlain Cabinet
(London, 1971), 194–198; Ian Colvin,
None So Blind
(New York, 1965), 298–311.
90
. ND R-100, C-120.
91
. Hansard, 3/31/39.
92
. WM/Boothby; Lord Boothby,
Recollections of a Rebel
(London, 1978), 132; B. H. Liddell Hart,
History of the Second World War
(New York, 1971), 11; Alfred Duff Cooper,
The Second World War: First Phase
(New York, 1939), 320.
93
. Churchill,
Storm
, 347; Hansard 4/3/39.
94
. CAB 23/98; Liddell Hart,
Second World War
, 16.
95
. Lord Halifax,
Fullness of Days
(London, 1957), 206.
96
. Lord Vansittart,
The Mist Procession
(London, 1958), 430; Gilbert and Gott, 245.
97
. DBFP series 3, vol. V, no. 207.
98
. Churchill,
Storm
, 350, 352; Arthur Christiansen,
Headlines All My Life
(New York, 1962), 89.
99
. Churchill,
Storm
, 350–351.
100
. N. Chamberlain Papers.
101
. Macmillan, 539; WM/Macmillan.
102
. Templewood Papers.
103
. N. Chamberlain Papers, diary; DBFP series 3, vol. Ill, nos. 477, 495, 496, 500, 502; Count Galeazzo Ciano,
The Ciano Diaries 1939–1943
, edited by Hugh Wilson (New York, 1946), 1/11–14/39.
104
. Hansard 4/3/39;
Times
4/1/39.
105
. N. Chamberlain Papers; Murray Papers; ChP 2/358.
106
. Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 341.
107
. Gardner, 17.
108
. Gilbert,
Political Philosophy
, 376.
109
. Gilbert,
Wilderness
, 249; Reed Whittemore, “Churchill and the Limitations of Myth,”
Yale Review
, Winter 1955.
110
. WSC V, 1016.
111
. Sir John Colville,
The Fringes of Power, 10 Downing Street Diaries, 1939–1955
(New York, 1985), 260, 264.
112
.
Atlantic Monthly
, October 1940;
Spectator
7/12/40;
Transcript
9/26/40.
113
. Gardner, 16, 17.
114
. WM/Boothby; Lord Boothby,
Rebel
, 182; E. L. Spears,
Assignment to Catastrophe
, 2 vols. (New York, 1955), I,
Prelude to Dunkirk
, 38–39.
115
. WM/MacDonald.
116
. ChP 2/332.
117
. CAB 27/624.
118
. Hansard 11/18/38.
119
. PrP 3/2/39.
120
. PrP 1/358; Baruch Papers.
121
. Nicolson, I, 398; ChP 2/360.
122
. Nicolson, I, 398–399;
British Weekly
4/27/39; Feiling, 386.
123
. Feiling, 406; Nicolson, I, 399.
124
. DGFP series D, vol. VI, no. 169; WM/R. A. Butler 12/5/80.
125
. N. Chamberlain Papers.
126
. Hansard 4/13/39.
127
. Hansard 4/13/39.
128
. Churchill,
Storm, 355; Frankfurter Zeitung
, 4/29/39.
129
. ChP 2/322.
130
. Churchill,
Storm
, 353.
131
.
Daily Telegraph
4/28/39; Hansard 4/27/39.
132
. WSC V, 1065–1066; N. Chamberlain Papers.
133
.
NYT
5/23/39; Ironside Papers.
134
. ChP 2/350, 8/264.
135
. WSC V, 1068, 1080; WM/Butler.
136
. WSC V, 1080, 1082, 1084.
137
. ChP 2/371, 2/364, 8/628.
138
. Viscount Templewood,
Nine Troubled Years
(London, 1954), 378; ChP 2/363.
139
. Foreign Office Papers 371/22974.
140
. Camrose Papers; Nicolson, I, 6/30/39.
141
. Camrose Papers.
142
. WSC V, 1086; N. Chamberlain Papers.
143
. ChP 2/360, 2/343.
144
. ChP 8/638.
145
. ChP 8/217, 8/626.
146
. Winston S. Churchill,
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples
, 4 vols. (London, 1956–1958), I, 1.
147
. ChP 2/302; BSCP 1/7/37.
148
. ChP 1/325.
149
. ChP 8/596, 8/597.
150
. ChP 8/626.
151
. WM/Hamblin; WM/Kathleen Hill, 11/4/80.
152
. ChP 8/625.
153
. Isaiah Berlin,
Mr. Churchill in 1940
(Boston, 1964), 9.
154
. WM/A. J. P. Taylor.
155
. ChP 8/626.
156
. ChP 8/626.
157
. ChP 8/626.
158
. ChP 8/626.
159
. N. Chamberlain Papers.
160
. ChP 2/358.
161
. Air Ministry Papers 19/26, 19/29.
162
.
Yorkshire Post
6/28/39; Hansard (Lords) 6/11/39.
163
. ChP 2/359; Nicolson, I, 403.
164
. Walter Lippmann notes, Lippmann Papers, as cited in WSC V, 1074–1075.