The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus (60 page)

                                                            Pan                        (226:14)                   T 15.2c             200
CE
–290
CE

            128                                           Pan                        (192:19)                   T 15.3               225
CE
–375
CE

                                                            Pan                        (226:13)                   T 15.4               250
CE
–360
CE

            131                                           Bowl                      (231:11)                   T 21.1               10  
BCE
–125
CE
¹³

                                                            2 bowls                  (231:9, 10)                T 21.3               180
CE
–315
a
^[808]

Appendix 6:
Pottery and Movable Artefacts from Nazareth

(As dated in the primary literature. Post-Iron Age material only).

• “Roman” and “Period of the kokhim tombs” (=Middle Roman–Early Byz.)

—            Bagatti 1971a (St. Joseph material) p. 23: Fig. 13:6, 14:3, and 16:1–2.

             (Small vessel for oil, parts of three jugs.)

—            Exc
. Fig. 231:23, mortar (p. 298, bottom)

—            Exc
. Fig. 79:2, 14, 21, 22, 23 (pots—see p. 137)

—            Exc
. Fig. 224:2, 4–7 (p. 285) Cooking pots

—            Exc
. Fig. 237:1 (glass bottle)
^[809]

• I–II CE

—            1 small bowl of yellow ware painted red. The three fragments “recall to mind the Roman products of the first period” (
Exc
. 290).

—             “The sparse ceramic finds” of the El Batris tomb, claimed by the archaeologist (Z. Yavor) to date to the “1st century CE” (see p. 11).

—            Mouth of jug (
Exc
. 236:26. Incorrectly: “First Roman period,”
Exc
. 290)

• II–III CE

—            12 plates (
Exc
. Fig. 227:1–4, 6–8, 14–18)

—            Several Roman oil lamps “with a cavity” [= “concavity”]. See
App. 2
.

—           
Exc
. Fig. 81, several oil lamp shards (p. 138)

—            Rims of vessels (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 14:3; 16:1–2)

—            2 pans (
Exc
. Fig. 224:11–12)

—            1 cooking pot (
Exc
. 224:1)

—            1 small vessel for oil (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 13:6)

—            [An inscription on a granite column probably from Caesarea, Beth Shan, or Sepphoris, and transported to Nazareth (
Exc
. 317).]

• III CE

—            9 basins (
Exc
. Fig. 231:12–20 & p. 298)

—            4 “soup plates” (
Exc
. Fig.   :7–10 & p. 298)

—            3 jugs (
Exc
. Fig. 219:1; 220:1: 221)

—            “Glazed cup of celestial color” (
Exc
. 296)

—            Fragment of terra sigillata ware (
Exc
. Fig. 79:28 & p. 138)

•  III–IV CE (Also: “Late Roman”)

—            5 pots (
Exc
. Fig. 223:8–9; Fig. 224:3, 8, 9)

—            4 “ovoid jars” (
Exc
. Fig. 217:3–6)

—            4 pans. (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 13:6; 16:5–6;
Exc
. Fig. 192:19)

—            2 large jars and a vase (
Exc
. Fig. 217:8, 9, 11)

—            2 glass bottles and 1 cup (
Exc
. Fig. 237:2–4)

—            1 metal buckle (Constantinian,
Exc
. 315)

—            1 incense burner  (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 15:4)

—            1 handle with pronounced ridges  (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 13:7)

—           
Exc
. Figs. 222 and 223 (about two dozen pottery fragments)

• IV–V CE (Also: “Late Roman or Byzantine”)

—            12 bottles, jugs, and pitchers (
Exc
. Fig. 220:2–11, 13)

—            9 pans (
Exc
. Fig. 226:4–12)

—            8 handmade basins (
Exc
. Fig. 232:1–8)

—            5 plates (
terra sigillata
,
Exc
. Fig. 227:1–4, 12)

—            4 vases (
Exc
. Fig. 223:10–13)         

—            2 large jars (
Exc
. Fig. 217:1–2;
cf.
Hayes Pl. 8 and p. 33)

—            2 pots (
Exc
. Fig. 224:11–12)

—            1 glass fragment (
Exc
. Fig. 79:17)

—            Pottery fragments (
Exc
. Fig. 229:1–15)

• “Byzantine”

—            18 pans with rouletting (
Exc
. Fig. 228:1–18)

—            10
terra sigillata
  shards, including one with Christian cross  
(
Exc
. Fig. 230 = Bagatti 1955 Fig. 12)

—            In Tomb 1: “Many sherds of the Byzantine period” (unspecified,
Exc.
32)

—            In Grotto 5: “Byzantine sherds” (unspecified,
Exc.
35)

—            In Tomb 7: “some Byzantine sherds” (unspecified,
Exc
. 37)

—            In Tomb 8: “Many [sherds] of the Byzantine period” (unspecified,
Exc.
37)

—            3 bowls (
Exc
. Fig. 226:13–15)

—            3 oil lamps. (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 11:4, 11;
Exc
. 70, with Christian cross)

—            2 cooking pots (
Exc
. Fig. 224:11–12)

• VI CE

—            5 jars, jugs, and vessels (
Exc
. Fig. 220:10–13,
cf
. Hayes color Pl. 1, “after 400 CE”)

• Arab

 —    10 lips and rims of bowls (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 23:1–10)

 —    9 shards (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 22:1–9)

• Medieval

—            22 shards of jars and jugs (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 21:1–22)

—            16 shards (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 20:1–16)

—            14 pans and vessels (Bagatti 1971a, Fig. 18:1–14)

—            5 shards (Bagatti 1955, Fig. 13)

Besides the above, numerous artefacts described in
Excavations
are undated.

Appendix 6a
Itemization of pottery from the Nazareth Village Farm

Non-diagnostic artefacts

The artefacts in this section have no typological parallels (
cf
"No ref. given" in right hand column), and thus cannot be used as primary evidence. The datings furnished below are the unsupported opinion of the archaeologist, Y. Rapuano. In a few cases (signaled by underlining and question mark), Rapuano alleges a pre-70 CE dating for an artefact. Those allegations are particularly questionable, given the facts that not only are they entirely unsupported, but they also clash with the remainder of evidence from the Nazareth basin.

Item                                                              Description and alleged dating                                                  Notes

Al/Ll                                                              "body sherd" – "possibly modern"                                                 No ref. given

37:2                                                                Vertical loop handle (of krater)                                                       No ref. given

"common in the Hellenistic and Roman periods"

37:5                                                                "slightly everted rim and cup-shaped neck of a storage jar"

                                                                       
"mid-I BCE to mid-I CE"[?]
                                                             
No ref. given

37:6                                                                "vertical strap handle of cooking pot"                                            No ref given

"evidently Roman"

37:7                                                                "Juglet with a thickened, everted rim                                             No ref. given

and carinated neck" I CE-II CE

38:3                                                                "folded, everted rim and short, cylindrical neck of a
No ref. give
n

                                                                        storage jar
"
may
date to the Herodian period
" [?]                       
Uncertain

38:4                                                                "rim of a storage jar
of the Late Hellenistic period
"[?]               No ref. given

38:5                                                                "base of a jug"
"could either
date to
the late

Hellenistic or Early Roman period
." [?]                                       
Uncertain.
No ref. given

38:6                                                                "vessel... probably a krater or a casserole"
"possibly

dating to
the Late Hellenistic or Early Roman period
." [?]       
Uncertain.
No ref. given

39:3                                                               
"evidently.
.. the base of a juglet." II CE–IIICE                                No ref. given

40: 1                                                               "cooking pot lid decorated w/bands of straight

combing" "mid-late Byzantine"                                                       No ref. given

40:2, 5, 6, 7                                                   "jars or jugs with thickened, rounded rims"

"
Hellenistic
period.
probablv
the second century BC.
"[?]        No ref. given

40:3                                                                "storage jar with a relatively short square folded rim"

"
probablv
also dating to the second century BC.
" [?]
Uncertain.
No ref. given

40:4                                                                "the incurved rim and cup-shaped neck of a storage jar"

                                                                        "
of the Hellenistic or early Roman period
"                  
No ref.
given

B2/L30:3                                                       "loop handle"
"evidently
belongs to an early or

middle Roman period storage jar of the first to third century"                
Uncertain.
No ref given

41:1                                                                shard from deep bowl. Byzantine.                                  No ref. given

41:6                                                                shard from casserole or casserole lid.

Middle Roman to Early Islamic                                                       No ref. given

41:8                                                                tiny fragment of rim
"probably"
Roman                                        No ref. given

41:13                                                              shard from globular cooking pot. IV–VI CE                  No ref. given

41:14                                                              rim of cooking pot. Ottoman period                                               No ref. given

41:15                                                              cooking pot. Ottoman period                                                           No ref. given

41:16                                                              rim of storage jar or jug,
"evidently"
Ill CE–early V CE
              Uncertain.
No ref. given

41:17                                                              incurving rim. Roman period                                                           No ref. given