The Psychology Book (114 page)
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Authors: Unknown
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293 Corbis:
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- Contents
- INTRODUCTION
- The four temperaments of personality Galen
- There is a reasoning soul in this machine Descartes
- Dormez! Abbé Faria
- Concepts become forces when they resist one another Johann Friedrich Herbart
- Be that self which one truly is Søren Kierkegaard
- Personality is composed of nature and nurture Francis Galton
- The laws of hysteria are universal Jean-Martin Charcot
- A peculiar destruction of the internal connections of the psyche Emil Kraepelin
- The beginnings of the mental life date from the beginnings of life Wilhelm Wundt
- We know the meaning of “consciousness” so long as no one asks us to define it William James
- Adolescence is a new birth G. Stanley Hall
- 24 hours after learning something, we forget two-thirds of it Hermann Ebbinghaus
- The intelligence of an individual is not a fixed quantity Alfred Binet
- The unconscious sees the men behind the curtains Pierre Janet
- The sight of tasty food makes a hungry man’s mouth water Ivan Pavlov
- Profitless acts are stamped out Edward Thorndike
- Anyone, regardless of their nature, can be trained to be anything John B. Watson
- That great God-given maze which is our human world Edward Tolman
- Once a rat has visited our grain sack we can plan on its return Edwin Guthrie
- Nothing is more natural than for the cat to “love” the rat Zing-Yang Kuo
- Learning is just not possible Karl Lashley
- Imprinting cannot be forgotten! Konrad Lorenz
- Behavior is shaped by positive and negative reinforcement B.F. Skinner
- Stop imagining the scene and relax Joseph Wolpe
- The unconscious is the true psychical reality Sigmund Freud
- The neurotic carries a feeling of inferiority with him constantly Alfred Adler
- The collective unconscious is made up of archetypes Carl Jung
- The struggle between the life and death instincts persists throughout life Melanie Klein
- The tyranny of the “shoulds” Karen Horney
- The superego becomes clear only when it confronts the ego with hostility Anna Freud
- Truth can be tolerated only if you discover it yourself Fritz Perls
- It is notoriously inadequate to take an adopted child into one’s home and love him Donald Winnicott
- The unconscious is the discourse of the Other Jacques Lacan
- Man’s main task is to give birth to himself Erich Fromm
- The good life is a process not a state of being Carl Rogers
- What a man can be, he must be Abraham Maslow
- Suffering ceases to be suffering at the moment it finds a meaning Viktor Frankl
- One does not become fully human painlessly Rollo May
- Rational beliefs create healthy emotional consequences Albert Ellis
- The family is the “factory” where people are made Virginia Satir
- Turn on, tune in, drop out Timothy Leary
- Insight may cause blindness Paul Watzlawick
- Madness need not be all breakdown. It may also be break-through R.D. Laing
- Our history does not determine our destiny Boris Cyrulnik
- Only good people get depressed Dorothy Rowe
- Fathers are subject to a rule of silence Guy Corneau
- Instinct is a dynamic pattern Wolfgang Köhler
- Interruption of a task greatly improves its chances of being remembered Bluma Zeigarnik
- When a baby hears footsteps, an assembly is excited Donald Hebb
- Knowing is a process not a product Jerome Bruner
- The magical number 7, plus or minus 2 George Armitage Miller
- There’s more to the surface than meets the eye Aaron Beck
- We can listen to only one voice at once Donald Broadbent
- Time’s arrow is bent into a loop Endel Tulving
- Perception is externally guided hallucination Roger N. Shepard
- A man with conviction is a hard man to change Leon Festinger
- We are constantly on the lookout for causal connections Daniel Kahneman
- Events and emotion are stored in memory together Gordon H. Bower
- Emotions are a runaway train Paul Ekman
- Ecstasy is a step into an alternative reality Mihály Csíkszentmihályi
- Happy people are extremely social Martin Seligman
- What we believe with all our hearts is not necessarily the truth Elizabeth Loftus
- The seven sins of memory Daniel Schacter
- One is not one’s thoughts Jon Kabat-Zinn
- The fear is that biology will debunk all that we hold sacred Steven Pinker
- Compulsive behavior rituals are attempts to control intrusive thoughts Paul Salkovskis
- You cannot understand a system until you try to change it Kurt Lewin
- How strong is the urge toward social conformity? Solomon Asch
- Life is a dramatically enacted thing Erving Goffman
- The more you see it, the more you like it Robert Zajonc
- Who likes competent women? Janet Taylor Spence
- Flashbulb memories are fired by events of high emotionality Roger Brown
- The goal is not to advance knowledge, but to be in the know Serge Moscovici
- We are, by nature, social beings William Glasser
- We believe people get what they deserve Melvin Lerner
- People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy Elliot Aronson
- People do what they are told to do Stanley Milgram
- What happens when you put good people in an evil place? Philip Zimbardo
- Trauma must be understood in terms of the relationship between the individual and society Ignacio Martín-Baró
- The goal of education is to create men and women who are capable of doing new things Jean Piaget
- We become ourselves through others Lev Vygotsky
- A child is not beholden to any particular parent Bruno Bettelheim
- Anything that grows has a ground plan Erik Erikson
- Early emotional bonds are an integral part of human nature John Bowlby
- Contact comfort is overwhelmingly important Harry Harlow
- We prepare children for a life about whose course we know nothing Françoise Dolto
- A sensitive mother creates a secure attachment Mary Ainsworth
- Who teaches a child to hate and fear a member of another race? Kenneth Clark
- Girls get better grades than boys Eleanor E. Maccoby
- Most human behavior is learned through modeling Albert Bandura
- Morality develops in six stages Lawrence Kohlberg
- The language organ grows like any other body organ Noam Chomsky
- Autism is an extreme form of the male brain Simon Baron-Cohen
- Name as many uses as you can think of for a toothpick J.P. Guilford
- Did Robinson Crusoe lack personality traits before the advent of Friday? Gordon Allport
- General intelligence consists of both fluid and crystallized intelligence Raymond Cattell
- There is an association between insanity and genius Hans J. Eysenck
- Three key motivations drive performance David C. McClelland
- Emotion is an essentially unconscious process Nico Frijda
- Behavior without environmental cues would be absurdly chaotic Walter Mischel
- We cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals David Rosenhan
- The three faces of Eve Thigpen & Cleckley
- DIRECTORY
- GLOSSARY
- INDEX
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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