The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down (51 page)

[>]
–47 
William Dampier, Woodes Rogers, R
oebuck:
Christopher Lloyd,
William Dampier,
Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1966, pp. 15–16; Dampier, pp. 202–203, 321–324.;David Lyon,
The Sailing Navy List,
London: Conway, 1993, p. 26.

[>]
 
Dampier and Avery:
Joel H. Baer, "William Dampier at the Crossroads: New Light on the 'Missing Years,' 1691–1697,"
International Journal of Maritime History,
Vol. VIII, No. 2 (1996), pp. 97–117.

[>]
–48 
Rogers's apprenticeship:
Little, p. 19.

[>]
 
Rogers in Newfoundland:
We know he had traveled there in the fisheries trade prior to 1708, owing to a passing reference in Woodes Rogers,
A Cruising Voyage Around the World,
Originally published 1712, New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1928, p. 99.

[>]
Woodes Rogers senior and E
lizabeth:
W. N. Minchinton,
The Trade of Bristol in the Eighteenth Century,
Bristol: Bristol Record Society, 1957, p. 6.

[>]
Trinity Bay and Poole merchants:
"Poole," "Trinity Harbour," and "Old Perlican" in
Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador,
St. John's, Nfld.: Memorial University, 1997.

[>]
 
Whetstone's bio and command:
J. K. Laughton, "Whetstone, Sir William (d. 1711)" in
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,
Oxford University Press, 2004; Little, pp. 19–20.

[>]
 
House on Queen's Square (1702):
Gomme, Jenner & Little, pp. 96–98; Little, pp. 22–23.

[>]
 
Whetstone's early career:
J.K Laughton, "Whetstone, Sir Willaim,"
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,
Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2004; David Syrett (ed.),
Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660–1815,
London: Navy Records Society, 1994, p. 983.

[>]
–50
Causes of the War of Spanish Succession, King Charles II:
Wikipedia, "Charles II of Spain" and "War of Spanish Succession," online resource, viewed 10 January 2006.

[>]
 
1703 storm:
G. J. Marcus,
A Naval History of England, Volume I: The Formative Centuries,
Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1961, pp. 221–223.

50 
Queen's Square house completed:
Little, p. 22.

[>]
–51
Marriage, Knighthood, Rear Admiral of the Blue:
Oxford Dictionary;
Syrett, p. 983; Manwaring, p. 93n.

[>]
 
Father dies:
Notes & Queries,
Volume 149, Number 22, 28 November 1925, p. 388; Newton Wade, "Capt. Woodes Rogers,"
Notes &
Queries, 10th series, Number VIII, No. 207 (December 14 1907), p. 470.

[>]
Woodes made freeman:
Manwaring, p. 93.

[>]
Woodes Rogers's physical appeareance:
William Hogarth,
Woodes Rogers and his Family
(1729), oil on canvas painting, National Maritime Museum, London.

CHAPTER THREE: WAR

[>]
Purpose of ships of the line:
A. B. C. Whipple,
Fighting Sail,
Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1978, pp. 12–15.

[>]
Size, complement of a first-rate:
Merriman, p. 365.

[>]
–53 
Conditions in fleet battles:
Whipple, pp. 146–165.

[>]
–55 
Naval battles in War of Spanish Succession:
N. A. M. Rodger,
The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain 1649–1815,
London: W. W. Norton, 2004, pp. 166–174.

[>]
French privateers:
Merriman, p. 338; "Letter from the Masters of six merchant vessels to the Victualling Board of the Royal Navy," Dover, 30 December 1704, reproduced in Merriman, pp. 341–342; Julian Hoppit,
A Land of Liberty: England 1689–1727,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 112; G. N. Clark, "War Trade and Trade War,"
Economic History Review,
Vol. 1 No. 2 (January 1928), p. 263.

[>]
Port Royal "height of splendor":
John Taylor (1688) as quoted in Allan D. Meyers, "Ethnic Distinctions and Wealth among Colonial Jamaican Merchants, 1685–1716,
Social Science History,
Vol. 22 (1), Spring, 1998, p. 54.

[>]
Port Royal casualties in 1692 earthquake:
Cordingly, pp. 141–142.

[>]
 
Port Royal 1703 fire:
A New History of Jamaica,
London: J. Hodges, 1740, pp. 270–272.

[>]
–58 
Port Royal as a slum with quotes, dunghill:
Edward Ward,
A Collection of the Writings of Mr. Edward Ward,
Vol. II, fifth ed., London: A. Bettesworth, 1717, pp. 164–165.

[>]
 
Sources of indentured servants:
George Woodbury,
The Great Days of Piracy in the West Indies,
New York: W. W. Norton, 1951, pp. 32–46.

[>]
 
Character of Jamaica as per Edward Ward:
Ward (1717), pp. 161–162.

[>]
–59 
Slave population growth on Jamaica:
Richard S Dunn,
Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies, 1624–1713,
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1972, pp. 164–165.

[>]
–59
More slaves died than were born:
Dunn, pp. 300–305.

[>]
 
Slave laws of Jamaica:
A New History of Jamaica,
pp. 217–223; Dunn, pp. 238–246.

[>]
 
Runaway slave communities and Nanny Town:
Mavis C. Campbell,
The Maroons of Jamaica 1655–1796,
Granby, MA: Bergin & Gravey Publishers, 1988, pp. 49–53.

[>]
 
Spanish population seven million:
Wikipedia, "Economic History of Spain," viewed 5 April 2006.

[>]
 
Weak dispostion of Royal Navy in West Indies:
Ruth Bourne,
Queen Anne's Navy in the West Indies,
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1939, pp. 59–61.

[>]
Sixty-eight degrees:
N. A. M. Rogers,
The Wooden World,
New York: W.W. Norton, 1996, p. 46.

61–62
Difficulties of communicating:
Bourne (1939), pp. 66, 70.

[>]
No mainmasts available in West Indies:
Ibid., pp. 74–75.

[>]
Shipworm and lack of careening facilities:
Ibid., pp. 73–74.

[>]
Jamaica squadron's condition in 1704:
Ibid., pp. 75–76.

[>]
 
Leeward Islands station ship in 1711:
Ibid., p. 80 (also in
CSPCS 1710–11,
No. 824).

[>]
 
Problems of disease:
Bourne (1939), pp. 87–88.

[>]
Kerr's fleet (1706–7):
Bourne (1939), pp. 93–95; see Josiah Burchett,
A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea,
London: 1720, pp. 699, 701.

[>]
Jamaicans refuse to grow or eat produce:
Dunn, pp. 273–275.

[>]
 
Constable's letter (1711):
Bourne (1939), pp. 100–101; his first name from John Hardy,
A Chronological List of the Captains of His Majesty's Royal Navy,
London: T. Cadell, 1784, p. 29.

[>]
–64
Buccaneers at Port Royal (1670s):
Dunn, p. 185.

[>]
 
10 percent of prize to the Admiralty:
Clark, p. 265.

[>]
1702–3 Privateering campaign against Spanish:
Oldmixon, p. 340; Howard M. Chapin,
Privateer Ships and Sailors,
Toulon, France: Imprimerie G. Mouton, 1926, pp. 240–241.

[>]
1704 privateer captures and successes:
Oldmixon, pp. 342–343.

[>]
Size of Jamaican privateer fleet:
The State of the Island of Jamaica,
London: H. Whitridge, 1726, p. 4.

[>]
 
Quote on Jamaican privateering:
A New History of Jamaica
(1740), p. 273.

[>]
 
127 Bristol privateers:
Shipsides & Wall, p. 50.

[>]
 
W
hetstone
G
alley:
Powell, p. 102; Patrick McGrath (ed.),
Bristol, Africa, and the Eighteenth-Century Slave Trade to America,
Vol. I, Bristol, UK: Bristol Records Sociey, 1986, p. 12; Bryan Little,
Crusoe's Captain,
London: Odham's Press, 1960, pp. 41–42.

[>]
–66 
E
ugene
P
rize:
Powell, p. 95; Little, p. 42.

[>]
 
Dampier's Pacific travels:
Summarized nicely in Gary C. Williams, "William Dampier: Pre-Linean Explorer, Naturalist,"
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences,
Vol. 55, Sup. II, No. 10, pp. 149–153.

[>]
–67 
Gold and silver production in Spanish America:
Timothy R. Walton,
The Spanish Treasure Fleets,
Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, 1994, pp. 136–138.

[>]
 
Treasure fleets described:
Kip Wagner,
Pieces of Eight: Recovering the Riches of a Lost Spanish Treasure Fleet,
New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1966, pp. 52–54; Walton, pp. 47–55; Charles E. Chapman, "Gali and Rodriguez Cermenho: Exploration of California,"
Southwestern Historical Quarterly,
Vol. 23, No. 3 (January 1920).

[>]
–70 
Quote on Dampier's attack on Manila Galleon:
Lloyd (1966), p. 117.

[>]
Dampier "never gave over":
Edward Cooke,
A Voyage to the South Sea and Round the World,
London: B. Lintott and R. Golsing, 1712, Introduction.

[>]
Court martial rulings against Dampier:
Lloyd (1966), p. 96.

[>]
 
Dampier's performance on S
t.
G
eorge
expedition:
Lloyd (1966), pp. 97–121; Donald Jones,
Captain Woodes Rogers' Voyage Round the World 1708–1711,
Bristol, UK: Bristol Branch of the Historical Association of the University, 1992, pp. 5–6.

[>]
–71
Investors in Rogers's expedition:
Little, pp. 45–46; Jones, p. 5.

[>]
 
Size, age of the D
uke
and D
utchess,
Jones, pp. 4–5.

[>]
Officers of the Rogers expedition:
Powell, p. 104n; Little, pp. 47–48.

[>]
 
Dr. Dover's use of mercury:
Leonard A. G. Strong,
Dr. Quicksilver, 1660–1742: The Life and Times of Thomas Dover, M.D.,
London: Andrew Melrose, 1955, pp. 157–159.

[>]
 
333 men aboard:
Woodes Rogers,
A Cruising Voyage Round the World,
2nd Ed. Corrected, London: Bernard Lintot & Edward Symon, 1726, p. 2.

72
Design flaws, crew shortcomings at outset:
Rogers, pp. 2–3.

[>]
–73 
Events during Atlantic passage, including mutiny:
Woodes Rogers,
A Cruising Voyage Around the World,
Originally published 1712, New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1928, pp. 8–33.

[>]
–74 
Events in the South Atlantic in December and early January:
Rogers, pp. 30–33; Cooke (1712, Vol. I), pp. 30–36; quote on dolphins: Rogers (1726), p. 103. The author has been able to fill in some from his crossings of the Drake Passage.

[>]
–75 
Scurvy symptoms, effects, age of sail casualties:
Stephen R. Bown,
Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner, and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail,
New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003, pp. 1–7, 33–46.

[>]
 
Scurvy deaths:
Cooke (1712, Vol. I), p. 35; Rogers (1928), pp. 89–90.

[>]
–76 
Selkirk's bio:
Rogers (1928), pp. 91–96; Alexander Winston,
No Man Knows My Grave: Privateers and Pirates 1665–1715,
Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1969, pp. 183–184.

[>]
 
Selkirk's aversion to Dampier:
Edward Cooke,
A Voyage to the South Sea and Around the World,
Vol. II, London: Bernard Lintot & R. Gosling, 1712, pp. xx–xxi.

[>]
 
Rogers's quotes on Selkirk:
Rogers (1928), pp. 91, 94, 96.

[>]
–78 
Privateering in late February and early March:
Rogers (1928), pp. 103–113; Little, pp. 80–84; Cooke (1712, Vol. I), pp. 126, 130–132.

[>]
 
B
eginning
slave manifests:
C104/160: Accounts of the Negroes now onboard the
Ascension,
Gorgona, 20 July 1709 and 28 July 1709.