The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (152 page)
Read The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt Online
Authors: Edmund Morris
Conversations between the author and Roosevelt’s surviving children are cited where relevant in the Chapter Notes, as are interviews conducted by Mary Hagedorn with various members of the Roosevelt family in the 1950s for the Columbia Oral History Project.
| COW . | Cowles, Anna Roosevelt. Four letter/memoirs to her son Sheffield Cowles, recalling her youth and TR’s childhood at 28 East Twentieth Street, plus random recollections of later years. (TRB and TRC) |
| FRE . | French, J. F., interviewer. A collection of verbal reminiscences, mainly political, recorded in the 1920s with TR’s old New York Republican Associates. (TRB) |
| HUN . | Hunt, Isaac, and Spinney, George. Verbal reminiscences, mainly of TR’s Assembly years, recorded during a dinner with Hermann Hagedorn at the Harvard Club, New York, on 20 Sept. 1923. Typed memorandum, including a supplementary Hunt statement, no date. (TRB) |
| | Published Works |
| Ada. | Adams, Henry. Letters, 1892–1918 , ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford. Boston, 1938. |
| Alex. | Alexander, DeAlva S. A Political History of New York State . Vol. 4: “Four Famous New Yorkers.” New York, 1923. |
| Azo. | Azoy, A.C.M. Charge! The Story of the Battle of San Juan Hill . New York, 1961. |
| Bea. | Beale, Howard K. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power . Johns Hopkins Press, 1956. |
| Bee. | Beer, Thomas. Hanna, Crane, and the Mauve Decade . Knopf, 1941. |
| Ber. | Berman, Jay Stuart. Police Administration and Progressive Reform: Theodore Roosevelt as Police Commissioner of New York . Greenwood, 1987. |
| Bis. | Bishop, Joseph Bucklin. Theodore Roosevelt and His Time . Scribner’s, 1920. |
| Bur. | Burton, David H. Theodore Roosevelt, Confident Imperialist . Philadelphia, 1968. Excellent and illuminating. |
| But. | Butt, Archie. The Letters of Archie Butt, Personal Aide to President Roosevelt , ed. Lawrence F. Abbot. Doubleday, 1924. A classic. |
| Cha. | Chanler, Mrs. Winthrop. Roman Spring . Little, Brown, 1934. |
| Che. | Chessman, G. Wallace. Governor Theodore Roosevelt . Harvard U. Press, 1965. |
| Cly. | Clymer, Kenton J. John Hay: The Gentleman as Diplomat . U. of Michigan Press, 1975. |
| Cro. | Croly, Herbert. Marcus Alonzo Hanna: His Life and Works . Macmillan, 1912. |
| Cut. | Cutright, Paul Russell. Theodore Roosevelt the Naturalist . Harpers, 1956. A long overdue addition to the Roosevelt bibliography. Its final pages contain the most moving of all eulogies to TR. |
| Den. | Dennett, Tyler. John Hay: From Poetry to Politics . Dodd, Mead, 1933. |
| Dun. | Dunn, Arthur Wallace. From Harrison to Harding: A Personal Narrative, 1888–1921 . 2 vols. Putnam, 1922. |
| Gar. | Garraty, John A. Henry Cabot Lodge . Knopf, 1953. |
| Gos. | Gosnell, Harold F. Boss Platt and His New York Machine . U. Chicago Press, 1924. |
| Gou. | Gould, Lewis L. The Presidency of William McKinley . Regents Press of Kansas, 1980. A policy-oriented study, importantly supplementing Leech (see below). |
| Gwy. | Gwynn, Stephen, ed. The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Spring-Rice . 2 vols. Houghton Mifflin, 1929. |
| Hag.Boy. | Hagedorn, Hermann. The Boy’s Life of Theodore Roosevelt . Harpers, 1918. Written in cooperation with TR. |
| Hag.LW. | Hagedorn, Hermann. Leonard Wood: A Biography . 2 vols. Harpers, 1931. |
| Hag.RBL. | Hagedorn, Hermann. Roosevelt in the Bad Lands . Houghton Mifflin, 1921. |
| Hag.RF. | Hagedorn, Hermann. The Roosevelt Family of Sagamore Hill . Macmillan, 1954. |
| Har. | Harbaugh, William H. Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt . Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1961. |
| Hay. | Hay, John. Letters and Extracts from his diaries, ed. Henry Adams and Mrs. Hay. 3 vols., privately printed, 1908, with initialed names penciled in by Worthington Chauncey Ford, in New York Public Library Rare Book Division. |
| Her. | Herrick, Walter R., Jr. The American Naval Revolution . Louisiana State U. Press, 1966. |
| Igl. | Iglehart, Ferdinand Cowle. Theodore Roosevelt: The Man as I Knew Him . New York, 1919. |
| Joh. | Johnson, Walter. William Allen White’s America . New York, 1947. |
| Jos. | Josephson, Matthew. The President Makers . New York, 1940. Best account of Henry Cabot Lodge’s lifelong career as TR’s mentor. |
| Lan. | Lang, Lincoln. Ranching with Roosevelt . Lippincott, 1926. |
| Las. | Lash, Joseph P. Eleanor and Franklin . Norton, 1971. |
| Lee. | Leech, Margaret. In the Days of McKinley . Harpers, 1959. An unsurpassed presidential biography. |
| Lod. | Lodge, Henry Cabot. Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918 . Scribner’s, 1925. |
| Loo. | Looker, Earle. The White House Gang . New York, 1929. A hilarious classic. |
| Lor. | Lorant, Stefan. The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt . Doubleday, 1959. |
| Mc.C. | McCormick, Richard L. From Realignment to Reform: Political Change in New York State, 1893–1910 . Cornell U. Press, 1981. Essential background to TR’s police commissionership and governorship. |
| May. | May, Ernest. Imperial Democracy: The Emergence of America as a Great Power . Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961. |
| Mil. | Millis, Walter. The Martial Spirit . New York, 1931. |
| Morg. | Morgan, H. Wayne. McKinley and His America . Syracuse U. Press, 1963. |
| Mor. | Morison, Elting E. and Blum, John, eds. The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt . 8 vols. Harvard U. Press, 1951–4. A work of formidable scholarship, indispensable to all students of TR. |
| Morr. | Morris, Edmund. Theodore Rex . Random House, 2001. |
| Morr.EKR | Morris, Sylvia Jukes. Edith Kermit Roosevelt: Portrait of a First Lady . Modern Library edition, 2001. |
| Nev. | Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland . Dodd, Mead, 1932. |
| Par. | Parsons, Mrs. James Russell (Fanny Smith Dana, née Frances Theodora Smith). Perchance Some Day . Privately printed memoir, 1951. Copy in TRC. |
| Pla. | Platt, Thomas Collier. The Autobiography of Thomas Collier Platt . Edited (and, one suspects, largely written) by Louis J. Lang. New York, 1910. Should be used in conjunction with Gos., above. |
| Pra. | Pratt, Julius W. The Expansionists of 1898 . Baltimore, 1935. |
| Pri. | Pringle, Henry F. Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography . Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1931. Highly prejudiced and selective, but still the best one-volume life of TR. |
| Put. | Putnam, Carleton. Theodore Roosevelt. Vol. 1: The Formative Years, 1858–1886 . Scribner’s, 1958. A neglected masterpiece. See Acknowledgments, above. |
| Rho. | Rhodes, James Ford. The McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations, 1897–1909 . Macmillan, 1923. |
| Rii. | Riis, Jacob A. Theodore Roosevelt the Citizen . Johnson, Wynne Co., 1904. |
| Rob. | Robinson, Corinne Roosevelt. My Brother Theodore Roosevelt . Scribner’s, 1921. Sentimental and inaccurate, but of prime importance nevertheless. |
| Sew. | Sewall, William Wingate. Bill Sewall’s Story of TR . New York, 1919. |
| Ste. | Steffens, Lincoln. Autobiography . Harcourt Brace, 1936. |
| Sto. | Stoddard, Henry L. As I Knew Them . Harpers, 1927. |
| Sul. | Sullivan, Mark. Our Times: The United States, 1900–1925. Vol. II: America Finding Herself . New York, 1927. |
| Tha. | Thayer, William Roscoe. The Life and Letters of John Hay . Houghton Mifflin, 1915. |
| TR.Auto | Theodore Roosevelt. An Autobiography . Macmillan, 1913. I have used the illustrated reprint of March 1914. For all its sins of omission, a fairly complete portrait of TR the man: alternately tender, preachy, humorous, boring, boastful, inspiring, cozy, and sad. |
| TR.DBY. | Theodore Roosevelt. Diaries of Boyhood and Youth . New York, 1924. Delightful. |
| TR.Wks. | Theodore Roosevelt. Works , ed. Hermann Hagedorn. National Edition, 20 vols. Scribner’s, 1926. |
| Twe. | Tweton, D. Jerome. The Marquis de Morès, Dakota Capitalist, French Nationalist . North Dakota Institute for Regional Studies, Fargo, N.D., 1972. |
| Wag. | Wagenknecht, Edward. The Seven Worlds of Theodore Roosevelt . Longmans, Green & Co., 1958. Succeeds more than any other work in capturing the size and complexity of TR. Contains a magnificent bibliography. |
| Wes. | Westermeir, Clifford P. Who Rush to Glory: The Cowboy Volunteers of 1898 . Caldwell, Idaho, 1958. Some interesting Western sources. |
| Whi. | White, William Allen. Autobiography . Macmillan, 1946. |
| Wis. | Wister, Owen. Roosevelt—The Story of a Friendship, 1880–1919 . Macmillan, 1930. |
| Woo. | Wood, Fred S., ed. Roosevelt as We Knew Him: Personal Recollections of 150 Friends . John C. Winston Co., 1927. |
References to such general sources as Mor. and TR.Auto are made throughout the Notes. In addition, most chapters refer to sources relevant only to themselves, for example childhood diaries in Ch. 1 and naval studies in Ch. 22. Important sources are cited in full at the beginning of each Note, and are short-listed thereafter. Except where otherwise indicated, all citations of TR’s collected letters (Mor.) refer to vols. 1 and 2, which are consecutively page-numbered. Other sources are cited in full
passim;
they, too, are then short-listed. Customary abbreviations like
N.Y.T
. for
The New York Times
are used wherever possible. The following initials identify persons frequently mentioned in the text: TR Sr. and MBR for Theodore’s parents; B, E, and C for Bamie, Elliott, and Corinne; EKR for Edith Kermit (Carow) Roosevelt; HCL for Henry Cabot Lodge; CSR for Cecil Spring-Rice; BH, GC, and McK for Presidents Harrison, Cleveland, and McKinley; TCP for Thomas Collier Platt, JDL for John D. Long, and MH for Mark Hanna. The abbreviation “pors.” refers to photographs and portraits.
ROLOGUE
Important sources not in Bibliography:
Interviews with members of the Roosevelt family. Mrs. Alice Longworth, Nov. 9, 1954, June 2, 1956 (TRB mss.), and in July 1976 with author; Mrs. Ethel Derby, April 1976, with author; Mr. Archibald Roosevelt, Feb. 6, 1976, with author.
Because of the impressionistic nature of this prologue, there are occasional citations from sources dating later than January 1, 1907—but never unless the material quoted is chronologically authentic. For example, William Bayard Hale’s
A Week in the White House
was published in 1908, but Hale, as a
New York Times
reporter, had been writing similar descriptions of TR since at least 1903, many of which he transferred verbatim to his book. He may therefore be reliably quoted. On the other hand, all the intimate observations of Archie Butt (see Bibl.) have had to be left out because Butt did not meet TR until after the 1907 Reception.
1.
Washington Herald
, and
Post
, Jan. 2, 1907;
Town & Country
, Jan. 5; clips in Fenwick, 1907. Stoker, Bram,
Reminiscences of Sir Henry Irving
(NY 1906) 237;
N.Y.T.
, Jan. 2, 1907.
2.
Fenwick, 1907.
3.
Evans, Robert D.,
An Admiral’s Log
(D. Appleton, 1910) 412.
4.
W. Her.
, Jan. 2, 1907.
5.
Ib.; 2 clips. n.d., in Fenwick, 1907.
6.
Collage from
W. Her., W. Post
, W
. Evening Star, N.Y. Sun, N.Y.T.
, Jan. 1 and 2, 1907.
Town & Country
, Jan. 5.