The Sleepwalkers (269 page)

He
further
points
out
that
the
Ptolemaic
system
failed
to
save
the
phenomena
even
more
drastically
than
the
Aristarchian
in
the
case
of
the
moon,
whose
apparent
diameter
ought
to
vary,
according
to
Ptolemy,
to
an
extent
contradicted
by
the
simplest
observation
(p.
201).

16

Almagest
III
,
ch.
2.,
quoted
by
Duhem,
p.
487.

17

Ibid.,
II, quoted by Zinner, p. 35.

18

In
a
later
and
shorter
work,
Hypotheses
concerning
the
Planets
,
Ptolemy
made
a
half-hearted
attempt
to
give
his
system
a
semblance
of
physical
reality
by
representing
each
epicycle
by
a
sphere
or
disk,
gliding
between
a
convex
and
a
concave
spherical
surface,
ball-bearing
fashion.
But
the
attempt
defeated
itself.
Cf.
Duhem,
II,
pp.
86-99.

19

Quoted
by Dreyer, p. 168.

20

Alwagest,
I
.

21

Cf.
Zinner, op. cit., p. 48.

22

Joh.
Kepler.
Letter
to
D.
Fabricius
,
4.7.1603,
Gesammelte
Werke,
Vol.
XIV,
p.
409seq.

23

Quoted
by
R.
H.
Wilenski,
Modern
French
Painters
(
London,
1940),
p.
202.

24

Ibid.,
p. 221.

PART
TWO DARK INTERLUDE

Part
II Chapter I. THE RECTANGULAR UNIVERSE

1

Edmund
Whittaker,
Space
and
Spirit
(
London,
1946),
p.
11.

2

The
Confessions
of
St.
Augustine
,
transl.
F.
J.
Sheed
(
London,
1944),
p.
111.

3

Ibid.,
p. 113.

4

Ibid.,
p. v f.

5

Dr.
Th.
A.
Lacey
on
"Augustine",
Ency.
Brit.
II
-685c.

6

Ibid.,
II-684a.

7

Christopher
Dawson,
quoted
in
Preface
to
The
Confessions
,
p.
v.

8

The
City
of
God
,
quoted
by
Russell,
A
History
of
Western
Philosophy
,
p.
381

9

Ibid.,
VII, 5.

10

Whittaker,
op. cit., p. 12.

11

The
Confessions
,
p.
197
f.

12

Quoted
by Russell, op. cit., p. 362.

13

Dreyer
op. cit., p. 210.

14

Ibid.,
p. 211.

15

Ibid.,p.
213.

16

Ibid.,
p. 212; Duhem II p. 488 f.

17

Dreyer,
p. 211.

Part
II Chapter II. THE WALLED-IN UNIVERSE

1

Comment
in
Somnium
Scipionis,
I
,
14,
15.
Quoted
by
A.
O.
Lovejoy
,
The
Great
Chain
of
Being
(
Cambridge,
Mass.,
1936),
p.
63.

2

The
Primum
Mobile
no
longer
was
an
unmoved
mover,
since
Hipparchus
discovered
the
precession
of
the
equinoxes.
Its
task
was
now
to
account
for
that
motion,
whose
slowness
–
one
revolution
in
26,000
years
–
was
explained
by
its
desire
to
share
in
the
perfect
rest
of
the
adjoining
tenth
sphere,
the
Empyrean.

3

Dante,
Convito,
ii
.
6;
quoted
by
Dreyer,
p.
237.

4

De
animalibus
historia
viii,
i,
588b;
quoted
by
Lovejoy,
op.
cit.,
p.
56.

5

Summa
contra
gentiles,
II
,
68.

6

Lovejoy,
op. cit., 102.

7

Essays
,
II,
2.

8

The
Faerie Queene.

9

An
Essay
on
Man
.

10

History
of
the
World
,
quoted
by
E.
M.
W.
Tillyard,
The
Elizabethan
World
Picture
(
London,
1943),
p.
9.

11

Olivier
de
la
Marche,
L'Etat
de
la
Maison
du
Duc
Charles
de
Bourgogne,
quoted
by
J.
Huizinga,
The
Waning
of
the
Middle
Ages
(
London,
1955),
p.
42
f.

12

H.
Zinsser,
Rats,
Lice
and
History
(
1937),
quoted
by
Popper,
II,
p.
23.

13

Troilus
and
Cressida
.

14

Cf.
Duhem, op. cit., III, pp. 47-52.

15

There
exist,
i.a.,
two
manuscripts
written
in
the
name
of
the
Venerable
Bede,
but
clearly
long
after
his
death,
expounding
the
Herakleidian
system.
The
first
is
known
as
the
"Pseudo-Bede"
and
dates
from
the
ninth
century
or
later;
the
second
is
now
attributed
to
William
of
Conches,
a
Norman,
who
lived
in
the
twelfth
century.
Cf.
Dreyer,
pp.
227-30;
Duhem
III,
p.
76
seq
.