The Spy Who Loved: The Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville (58 page)

73
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 208.

74
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 70.

75
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement made by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

76
Ibid.

77
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 143.

78
Ibid., p. 171.

79
Bridge,
Tightening String,
p. 180.

80
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement made by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

81
Wazacz,
No Ordinary Countess,
interviews with Barbara Pienkowska and Jan Skarbek.

82
Celt,
By Parachute to Warsaw,
p. 59.

83
Maria Nurowska, interview (June 2011).

84
Celt,
By Parachute to Warsaw,
p. 37.

85
Domańska,
Pawiak: Gestapo Prison,
p. 195.

86
Museum of the History of Polish Jews, ‘Historical Monuments, Places of Martyrdom, Pawiak’,
www.szetl.org.pl/en/city/warszawa/
(accessed June 2011).

87
Wladimir Ledóchowski, and at least one of Christine’s post-war London friends, probably Stanisław Tarnowski, both reported a similar story of Christine’s attempted rescue of her mother.

88
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 151.

89
Maria Nurowska,
Miłošnica
(1999).

90
Howarth,
Undercover,
p. 73.

91
Daniel Farson, ‘Riddle of the Woman Pimpernel’,
Observer Magazine
(20.10.1974).

6: TRAVELS IN AN OPEL

1
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 174.

2
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 90.

3
TNA, HS9/612, Draft citation for Kristina Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville) (nd).

4
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted in Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 95.

5
TNA, HS9/588/2, ‘Statement made by “X”’ (23.2.1941).

6
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 177.

7
TNA, HS9/612, Draft citation for Kristina Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville) (nd).

8
Walker,
Poland Alone,
p. 75.

9
Wazacz,
No Ordinary Countess,
Barbara Pienkowska interview.

10
Bridge,
Tightening String,
p. 48.

11
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 209.

12
Ibid.

13
Bridge,
A Place to Stand,
p. 111.

14
O’Malley papers, Kate O’Malley to Sir Owen and Ann Bridge (24.6.1952).

15
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 209; also Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 181.

16
Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 183.

17
Daniel Farson, ‘Riddle of the Woman Pimpernel’, in the
Observer Magazine
(20.10.1974).

18
Bridge,
A Place to Stand,
p. 186.

19
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (nd).

20
O’Malley papers, Andrzej Kowerski to Kate O’Malley (nd).

21
O’Malley,
Phantom Caravan,
p. 209.

22
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 103.

23
TNA, HS4/291, SOE Eastern Europe files, Poland, Sir Owen O’Malley letter to Harold Perkins (21.6.1944).

24
Wilkinson and Astley,
Gubbins and SOE,
p. 75.

25
Stafford,
Secret Agent.

26
IWM, Gubbins papers 2/11, Gubbins lecture, ‘SOE’ (June 1959).

27
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki Operations Report: D/ H Norton, 4826’.

28
Crawley,
Leap Before You Look,
pp. 161–2.

29
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (nd).

30
HS9/588/2, ‘Statement made by “X”’ (23.2.1941), Aidan Crawley’s comments at the end of Christine’s report.

31
Stahel,
Operation Barbarossa,
p. 35.

32
Churchill,
The Second World War,
III, p. 287.

33
TNA, HS9/830/3, Kowerski-Kennedy.

34
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (nd).

35
Christine Isabelle Cole interview (May 2011).

36
O’Malley papers, Andrzej Kowerski to Kate O’Malley (nd).

37
Amery,
Approach March,
p. 186.

38
Crawley,
Leap Before You Look,
p. 154.

39
TNA, HS9/612, ‘Krystyna Gi
ż
ycka (Alias Christine Granville)’ (late 1945/early 1946).

40
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (nd).

41
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (25.3.1941).

42
Howarth,
Undercover,
p. 66.

43
Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Winding Trail’, p. 415.

44
Ibid., p. 417.

45
Ibid., p. 420.

46
Ibid., p. 421.

47
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Recommendation for award’ (nd).

48
Ibid., Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Filenote re Norton, from D/H13 to M/X, Istanbul, 31.5.41’.

49
Churchill,
The Second World War,
III, p. 137.

50
Bridge,
A Place to Stand,
p. 196.

51
Williams,
Parachutes, Patriots and Partisans,
p. 33.

52
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Telegram Norton, Budapest to Air Attache and DH2’ (9.4.1941).

53
Ibid., Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘From GN Norton, For S.O.2 Head Quarters’ (nd).

54
The ‘exfiltration’ organization was handed over to Polish Intelligence on the orders of Peter Wilkinson: see TNA, HS9/612, letter in support of ‘Draft Citation for Kristina Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville)’ (1.12.45).

55
The Times,
‘Michael Lis’, obituary (16.8.1994).

56
TNA, HS9/612, Draft citation for Kristina Gi
ż
ycka (Christine Granville) (nd).

57
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, Letter written to ‘My dear George [probably George Taylor], in support of Citation for Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki’ (1.12.1945).

58
TNA, HS4/201, SOE Poland 93, vol. 2 (October 1942 – January 1943).

59
Ibid., SOE Poland 93, vol. 1 (March 1942 – September 1943).

60
Amery,
Approach March,
p. 189.

61
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted in Masson,
Christine: A Search,
p. xxxiv.

62
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted in Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 127.

63
TNA, HS3/198, SOE/MIDEAST/50, Gladwyn Jebb to C/D (9.5.1941).

64
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 128.

7: COLD IN CAIRO

1
TNA, HS4/198, MX to M (27.4.1941).

2
Ibid., MX to M (28.5.1941).

3
TNA, HS9/612, ‘From Mid East’ (30.5.1941).

4
Sweet-Escott,
Baker Street Irregular,
p. 73.

5
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Filenote from D/H13 from M/X, Cairo’ (7.5.1941).

6
Stirling, Nał
ę
cz, Dubiki (eds),
Intelligence Co-operation,
p. 323.

7
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki (30.5.1941 and 10.6.1941).

8
Ibid., Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, Yolcu Tena Yazi to de Chastelain, Istanbul (31.7.1941).

9
Amery,
Approach March,
p. 189.

10
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, D/H13 to M/X (18.6.1941); and MX to DH/13 (2.6.1941).

11
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 131.

12
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (14.4.1942).

13
Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy quoted in Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 132.

14
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 132.

15
IWM, Gubbins papers, 2/11, Wilkinson to Gubbins (30.10.1974); and TNA, HS9/588/2, MX to AD (23.10.1941).

16
Wilkinson,
Foreign Fields,
p. 122.

17
TNA, HS4/198, MX to M (10.6.1941).

18
Binney,
Women Who Lived for Danger,
p. 72.

19
Masson,
Christine: SOE Agent,
p. 139.

20
Larecki,
Krystyna Skarbek,
p. 157.

21
Cooper,
Cairo in the War,
p. 80.

22
Ibid., p. 26.

23
Davidson,
Special Operations Europe,
p. 108.

24
Amery,
Approach March,
p. 202.

25
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (30.1.1942).

26
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, D/H13 to M/X (18.6.1941).

27
Ibid., ‘From GN Norton for SO2 HQ’.

28
Ibid.

29
Ibid.

30
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (30.1.1942).

31
TNA, HS4/199, MDH to M (7.8.1941).

32
Ibid., MX/PD/201, MX to MDH (21.10.1941).

33
Cole/Moss papers, Bill Stanley Moss papers (
c.
1952).

34
Churchill,
The Second World War,
III, p. 299.

35
Binney,
Women Who Lived for Danger,
p. 72.

36
TNA, HS4/199, MDH to M (16.8.1941).

37
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (30.1.1942).

38
TNA, HS9/612, ‘K
RYSTYNA
G
I
Ż
YCKA
(alias Christine G
RANVILLE
)’.

39
TNA, HS4/199, MDH to M (31.8.1941).

40
Ibid., MDH to M (26.10.1941).

41
Ibid., MX to MDH (8.12.1941).

8: THE BEAUTIFUL SPY

1
R. P. Weston and Bert Lee, ‘Olga Pulloffski, The Beautiful Spy’ (1935).

2
TNA, HS4/200, MDH to MX (17.6.1942).

3
Ibid., MXI to MX (11.8.1942).

4
Ibid., MPX (25.7.1942).

5
Pope, ‘Remembering Richard’, p. 63.

6
Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers, ‘Surrender can be fun’ leaflet (nd).

7
Pope, ‘Remembering Richard’, p. 63.

8
Manning,
Levant Trilogy,
p. 337.

9
Gi
ż
ycki, ‘Winding Trail’, p. 412.

10
Masson,
Christine: A Search,
p. xxix.

11
Henryk Koaratynski, Mieczysława Wazacz interview,
Tydzien Polski
(
Polish Week
) (26.2.2005).

12
Margaret Pawley, interview (December 2010).

13
Michael Ward, email (March 2011).

14
Pope, ‘Remembering Richard’, p. 121.

15
Masson,
Christine: A Search,
p. xxxiv.

16
Ibid., p. xxxiii.

17
Pawley,
In Obedience,
p. 71.

18
Michael Ward, email (March 2011).

19
Manning,
Levant Trilogy,
p. 93.

20
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (14.4.1942).

21
TNA, HS9/612, MX to D/HV (19.1.1942).

22
Ibid., D/HV to A/D4 (20.1.1942).

23
Ibid., D/HV to A/D4 (20.1.1942); and HS9/612, SOE 855, Gubbins to Cairo (22.1.1942).

24
TNA, HS4/201, MDH to M (24.4.1942).

25
Ibid., MPX to MX, ‘ME gossip’ (28.5.1942).

26
Ibid., MPX to MX (19.12.1942).

27
Cooper,
Cairo in the War,
p. 305.

28
TNA, HS9/588/2, Jerzy Gi
ż
ycki, Aidan Crawley to British Legation, Sofia (30.3.1942).

29
Wladimir Ledóchowski,
The Diary,
p. 232.

30
Ibid.

31
TNA, HS4/199, MX to MDH (2.3.1942).

32
Ibid., MX to MDH (24.2.1942).

33
TNA, HS9/612, LSOE/39B to Moscow (20.4.1941).

34
Ibid., MX to MDH (28.1.1942).

35
TNA, HS4/201, MDH to M (26.5.1942).

36
TNA, HS4/200, MX to D/CE (14.9.1942); this was Richard Truszkowski.

37
Olson and Cloud,
Ko
ś
ciuszko Squadron,
p. 275.

38
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (14.4.1942).

39
TNA, HS4/201, MDH to MX (17.6.1942); ibid., MXI to MX (19.12.1942); and TNA, HS9/612, MPX to MX (16.12.1942).

40
TNA, HS4/141, MXI to MX (1.1.1943).

41
TNA, HS4/200, MPX to MX (21.7.1942).

42
Ibid., MDH to MX (17.6.1942).

43
TNA, HS9/612, SOE999 (19.7.1942).

44
O’Malley papers, Granville to Kate O’Malley (28.8.1942).

45
TNA, HS4/201, MPX to MX (29.8.1942).

46
Ibid., MPX (25.7.1942).

47
Ibid., MPX to MX (13.8.1942).

48
Ibid., MPX to MX (26.9.1942).