The Universe Within (34 page)

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Authors: Neil Shubin

BOOK: The Universe Within
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acid rain,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
     fossil hunting in,
7.1
,
10.1
     hominid fossils found in,
10.1
,
bm1.1
n
     rift formation in,
1.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
     South America’s congruity with,
6.1
,
6.2
Agassiz, Louis,
9.1
,
9.2
     ice age theory of,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
agriculture,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
10.3
Alvarez, Walter,
7.1
,
bm1.1
n
Amaral, Bill,
1.1
,
1.2
,
bm1.1
n
American Museum of Natural History,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
Amundsen, Roald,
6.1
,
8.1
animal distributions,
5.1
,
7.1
Antarctica,
6.1
,
6.2
,
9.1
,
bm1.1
n
     freezing of,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
,
bm1.1
n
     ring current of,
8.1
,
8.2
,
bm1.1
n
     warm wet phase of,
8.1
,
8.2
Apollo missions,
3.1
,
3.2
,
4.1
Arrhenius, Svante,
8.1
,
8.2
,
bm1.1
n
asteroids,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
,
3.4
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
bm1.1
n
     catastrophic impacts of,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
bm1.1
n
     
water within
astronomy,
2.1
,
3.1
,
3.2
     of Harvard Computers,
2.1
,
2.2
     
radio
     
see also
stars
Atlantic Ocean,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
8.1
,
8.2
atom bomb,
2.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
     electrons of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
9.1
     radioactive decay of,
3.1
,
3.2
,
4.1
,
9.1
,
bm1.1
n
     
carbon
     fusion reactions of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
3.1
     neutrons of,
4.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
     oxygen,
4.1
,
9.1
     protons of,
2.1
,
9.1
     
see also
elements
Australia,
5.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
     
drift of
     Jack Hills of,
3.1
,
bm1.1
n
bacteria,
4.1
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
Barbour, Thomas,
5.1
,
5.2
,
bm1.1
n
Barghoorn, Elso,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
,
bm1.1
n
Benzer, Seymour,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
bm1.1
n
Beta Pictoris,
3.1
,
3.2
big bang, theory of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
3.1
,
3.2
     date of,
2.1
,
2.2
     
molecular
     
see also
circadian clocks
BLaG paper,
8.1
,
bm1.1
n
body, human,
1.1
,
2.1
,
2.2
,
3.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
bm1.1
n
     bipedalism of,
10.1
,
10.2
,
10.3
,
10.4
,
10.5
,
bm1.1
n
     cells of,
4.1
,
5.1
,
5.2
     constituent elements of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
8.1
     effect of Jupiter on shape of,
3.1
,
3.2
     kidney of,
3.1
,
4.1
     metabolism of,
2.1
,
3.1
,
4.1
,
5.1
     oxygen utilized by,
5.1
,
5.2
,
6.1
,
bm1.1
n
     prenatal development of,
3.1
,
6.1
     reproduction of,
3.1
,
3.2
     Russian nesting doll organization of,
2.1
,
2.2
     water content of,
3.1
,
3.2
     
see also
evolution
body temperatures,
4.1
,
6.1
boulders, glacially transported,
6.1
,
9.1
     
pineal gland in
     Richter’s patch of,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
     
size and
     decentralized Roman,
4.1
,
4.2
     
Gregorian
     
lunar vs. solar
     
in rocks
California, University of, at Berkeley,
2.1
,
7.1
Camp Century,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
bm1.1
n
–7
n
Canada,
3.1
,
4.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
8.1
     sleep patterns and,
4.1
,
bm1.1
n
–9
n
carbon,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
3.1
,
6.1
     
versions of
     in volcanic ejecta,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
carbon, atmospheric,
3.1
,
3.2
,
3.3
     global temperatures affected by,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
bm1.1
n
     recycling of,
3.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
carbon 14,
9.1
,
bm1.1
n
catastrophes, global,
1.1
,
7.1
     evidence of,
7.1
,
7.2
     extinctions caused by,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
,
7.5
,
bm1.1
n
–3
n
     in fossil record,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
     kings-of-the-hill species left by,
7.1
,
7.2
     mechanisms of,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
bm1.1
n
     survivors of,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
catastrophism,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3
,
7.4
Chicago, University of,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
10.1
circadian clocks,
4.1
,
4.2
,
bm1.1
n
–9
n
     controlling mechanism of,
4.1
,
4.2
     of flies,
4.1
,
4.2
     of hamsters,
4.1
,
4.2
     light as trigger of,
4.1
,
4.2
     mutant,
4.1
,
4.2
,
bm1.1
n
–8
n
     
see also
sleep patterns
climate change,
see
ice ages; temperatures, global
Cloud, Preston Ercelle, Jr.,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
,
5.4
,
5.5
,
bm1.1
n
coal,
5.1
,
6.1
,
7.1
,
8.1
cobalt,
2.1
,
2.2
Colbert, Edwin,
8.1
,
8.2
,
bm1.1
n
color perception,
8.1
,
bm1.1
n
Columbia University,
6.1
,
6.2
,
7.1
comets,
3.1
,
3.2
     Hale-Bopp,
3.1
,
bm1.1
n
     Hartley 2,
3.1
,
bm1.1
n
–7
n
     water ice of,
3.1
,
bm1.1
n
–7
n
Connecticut,
1.1
,
1.2
constellations,
2.1
,
2.2
continental drift,
6.1
,
7.1
,
bm1.1
n
–2
n
,
8.1
     of ancient supercontinent,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
8.1
,
8.2
     atmospheric oxygen and,
6.1
,
6.2
,
bm1.1
n
     conveyor belt image of,
6.1
,
6.2
     deep-sea trenches in,
6.1
,
6.2
     and distribution of similar fossils,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
6.5
,
8.1
     earthquakes and,
6.1
,
6.2
     mid-ocean ridge and rift valleys of,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
6.4
,
6.5
,
6.6
,
8.1

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