The Victorian City: Everyday Life in Dickens' London (74 page)

‘gave her something’: Dickens, ‘The First of May’, ibid.; Hudson,
Munby
, p. 285.

‘and daisies’: ‘open carriages’: A. Mayhew,
Paved with Gold
, pp. 217–18; verse:
ILN
, 28 May 1842, p. 41.

‘remember the grotto’: Bennett,
London and Londoners
, pp. 70–71;
ILN
, 10 August 1850, p. 115.

‘serenade the guy’: this paragraph and the next from: Bennett,
London and Londoners
, pp. 126, 166,
ILN
, 10 November 1855, p. 547, 7 November 1857, p. 458, 7 November 1863, p. 462, Mayhew,
London Labour
, vol. 3, pp. 64–8.

‘of the family’: mutes: Hall,
Retrospect of a Long Life
, vol. 1, pp. 70–71, Mrs Gore in Meadows,
Heads of the People
, vol. 2, p. 38, Bennett,
London and Londoners
, pp. 58–9; funeral drapery: Mrs Gore, ibid.; hatchments: Smith,
Little World of London
, p. 59; footnote on hatchments: Wey,
A Frenchman Sees London
, p. 50, and Smith,
Letters from Europe
, p. 34; funeral carriages and horses: Hall, ibid.; walking funerals: Smith,
Little World of London
, p. 59.

‘Westminster Abbey’: 1831 funeral: McLelland,
Journal of a Residence
, p. 229; Duke of Northumberland’s funeral:
ILN
, 27 February 1847, p. 137.

‘black and white’: mourning for Prince Albert: Hudson,
Munby
, p. 111,
ILN
, 4 January 1862, p. 7; Palmerston:
ILN
, 4 November 1865, p. 447.

‘revolting absurdity’:
Martin Chuzzlewit
, pp. 380, 386–7; Dickens’ will: cited in Ackroyd,
Dickens
, p. xiii.

‘of the London streets’: Maple’s:
ILN
, 8 August 1857, p. 150; Prince Pückler-Muskau,
A Regency Visitor: The English Tour of Prince Pückler-Muskau, described in his letters, 1826–1828
, trans. Sarah Austin, ed. E. M. Butler (London, Collins, 1957), p. 87;
Old Curiosity Shop
, p. 606; St Paul’s Churchyard:
ILN
, 17 July 1852, p. 44; Seven Dials, ibid., 2 October 1852, p. 279; Old Broad Street: ibid., 21 January 1854, p. 63.

‘a routine hazard’: Nead,
Victorian Babylon
, pp. 93–4.

‘theatres burnt down’: types of fires: Timbs,
Curiosities
, vol. 1, p. 299; 1848 figures:
ILN
, 6 January 1849, p. 7; the nine theatres are: 1841, Astley’s; 1846, Garrick, Leman Street; 1849, Olympic; 1853, Islington Circus; 1846, Pavilion, Whitechapel, and Covent Garden; 1865, Surrey; 1866, Standard; 1867, Haymarket.

‘Snowballed the Beadle’: workhouse men: G. V. Blackstone,
A History of the British Fire Service
(London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957), p. 106; Dickens, ‘The Beadle – The Parish Engine ... ’,
Sketches by Boz
, p. 20. The history of the Fire Engine Establishment that follows in the next four paragraphs, unless otherwise noted, is drawn from: Blackstone, ibid.; P. G. M. Dickson,
The Sun Insurance Office, 1710–1960: The History of Two and a Half Centuries of British Insurance
(London, Oxford University Press, 1960), pp. 129–30, and Knight (ed.),
London
, vol. 4, pp. 178–88; Dickens to Miss Mary Boyle, 28 December 1860,
Letters
, vol. 9, p. 354.

‘and 314 men’: insurance company uniforms: Cunnington and Lucas,
Occupational Costume
, p. 260.

‘warn oncoming traffic’: Northern Lights footnote: this was claimed by Bartlett,
What I Saw in London
, pp. 50–51; ‘away scamper the policemen’: [Richard H. Horne], ‘The Fire Brigade of London’,
Household Words
, 7, 11 May 1850, pp. 145–7; horses’ speed: Mayhew,
London Labour
, vol. 2, p. 381; ‘hi! yi!’ and footnote: Massingham,
London Anthology
, p. 170; speed modified by horses’ capacity, and standing by driver: R. M. Ballantyne,
Fighting the Flames: A Tale of the London Fire Brigade
(London, James Nisbet, 1868), pp. 30–31.

‘seven minutes’: private roads: Hogg,
London as it is
, p. 216; nineteenth-century speed of response: Mayhew,
London Labour
, vol. 2, p. 381. 2006 response times: CLG, ‘Review of Fire and Rescue Service response times’ – Fire Research Series 1/2009, www.communities.gov.uk/documents/fire/pdf/frsresponsetimes.pdf, accessed 16 February 2012.

‘the crowds back’: metal signs: Weale,
London Exhibited in 1852
, p. 112; volunteers and wages: Bartlett,
What I Saw in London
, pp. 47–8; Bartlett translates the pay into US dollars, but many other sources bear him out; number per pump on land: Bennett,
London and Londoners
, pp. 84–5, and Blackstone,
British Fire Service
, p. 114; river engines: Bartlett, ibid., pp. 47–8; payment methods: Bartlett, ibid., p. 114, and Sala,
Twice Round the Clock
, p. 355.

‘well alight’: Greville,
Diary
, vol. 1, pp. 307–8; Houses of Parliament fire: Blackstone,
British Fire Service
, pp. 118–19.

‘turn at the pumps’: Carlyle:
Carlyle Letters
, vol. 7, pp. 318–19; Haydon,
Memoirs
, cited in Massingham,
London Anthology
, p. 167; visitors to Covent Garden ruins:
ILN
, 15 March 1856, p. 275; Dickens, to W. C. Macready, 22 March 1856,
Letters
, vol. 8, p. 75; Prince of Wales: John A. Walker, ‘The People’s Hero: Millais’s
The Rescue
and the Image of the Fireman in Nineteenth-century Art and Media’,
Apollo,
December 2004, p. 59.

‘in small boats’: Hékékyan Bey, Journal, British Library, Add MS 37,448; Sala,
Twice Round the Clock
, p. 348; Battersea:
ILN
, 20 March 1847, pp. 177–8.

‘in its disasters’: journalists on the prowl: Sala,
Twice Round the Clock
, p. 353.

1852:
THE FUNERAL OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON

‘acclamation of all’: the American tourist: Wheaton,
Journal of a Residence
, p. 161; the coronation crowd: Colton,
Four Years in Great Britain
, p. 71.

‘of Waterloo’: shutters: Stewart,
Sketches of Society
, vol. 1, p. 170; butler: Haydon,
Life of Benjamin Robert Haydon...
, vol. 2, p. 275; attitude to his wife: Francis Bamford and the Duke of Wellington (eds),
Journal of Mrs Arbuthnot, 1820–1832
(London, Macmillan & Co., 1950), vol. 1, p. 169.

‘until 11 November’: Disraeli,
Letters
, vol. 6, p. 148, and I am grateful to Mary Millar for identifying the dramatis personae of this letter; the death, the lying-in-state and the preparations for the funeral that follow are all described from newspaper reports, especially the
Daily News
,
Morning Chronicle
,
Morning Post
and
The Times
.

‘or its route’: advertisement for
Illustrated London News
supplement in
Morning Post
, 23 September 1852; vergers of St Paul’s and income of Wellington:
Daily News
, 27 September 1852.

‘and other jewellery’: these advertisements, among many others, can be found in
Morning Post
, 23 and 25 September,
Morning Chronicle
, 25 September and 16 October 1852.

‘glass, cutlery, &c.’: Mr Thearle:
Morning Post
, 16 October 1852; grocer:
Era
, 24 October 1852; German advertisement:
Morning Post
, 5 November 1852; Messrs Purssell:
Morning Chronicle
, 10 November 1852.

‘for the funeral’: St-Mary-le-Strand:
Daily News
, 23 October 1852, and on many other days; St Clement Danes:
Era
, 3 November 1852; charitable giving:
Illustrated London News
, 25 December 1852, p. 555.

‘Mourning Habiliments’: American overshoes:
Morning Post
, 20 October 1852; Glenny’s Irish stockings:
Morning Post
, 10 November 1852; Moses and Son:
Examiner
, 13 November 1852.

‘Duke of Wellington’: special trains:
Daily News
, 10 November 1852;
Era
, 14 November 1852; Mount Alexandra:
Daily News
, 13 November 1852.

‘one ... in mourning’:
Morning Chronicle
, 11 November 1852.

‘in the kingdom’: ‘Official Programme of the Public Funeral of the late Field-Marshal, Arthur Duke of Wellington, K. G., as Issued by the Authority of the Earl-Marshal (London, N. Pearce [1852], BL shelfmark 812.e.2).

‘two died’: Belton,
Random Recollections
, pp. 146–7; crush outside:
Morning Chronicle
, 15 November 1852;
Daily News
, 16 November.

‘worn in cloaks’: mourning wear at St Paul’s: ‘Official Programme’, and
Morning Post
, 30 October 1852; mourning wear for observers:
Morning Post
, 9 November 1852.

‘specially piped in’: ‘
Non sibi
’:
ILN
, 27 November 1852, p. 467; clubs and Temple Bar:
The Wellington News
(London, E. Appleyard [1852], BL shelfmark 1764 E8).

‘constantly sweeping along’: Cubitt:
Morning Post
, 19 October 1852; lighting:
Standard
, 27 October 1852; Greville,
Diary
, 16 November 1852, vol. 2, p. 346.

‘barriers came down at eight’: general organization: ‘Police Regulations. Funeral of the late Field Marshal, Arthur Duke of Wellington, K. G., November 18, 1852’ (London,
Metropolitan Police Office, 1852, BL shelfmark 1309 l.14, f.117); Beale,
Recollections
, p. 26.

‘for him it carried’: from this paragraph, unless otherwise noted, the details come from
The Wellington News
; description of catafalque: ‘Official Programme’ with additions from printed images; the foreign correspondent: in the
Independence Belge
, reprinted in the
Illustrated London News
, 27 November 1852, p. 467.

‘rest of the route’: falling man: Belton,
Random Recollections
, p. 147; Chelsea Pensioners: ‘The Order of Proceeding in the Public Funeral of the Late Field-Marshal Arthur Duke of Wellington ... ’ ([n.p.] 1852, BL shelfmark 813.cc44).

‘the minute guns’: testing the catafalque:
Illustrated London News
, 13 November 1852, p. 399.

‘Haynau was assaulted’: footnote on assault:
The Times
, 5 September 1850, p. 4; Garibaldi and the Barclay’s brewers:
The Times
, 2 June 1932, p. 15.

‘bones for evermore’: ‘Ode on the Duke of Wellington’, Alfred, Lord Tennyson,
The Poems of Tennyson
, ed. Christopher Ricks (London, Longman, 1969), pp. 1007–17.

13.
NIGHT ENTERTAINMENT

‘ran these activities’: animal baiting in Westminster: Richardson,
Recollections
, vol. 1, pp. 6, 9. The flyleaf of the copy in the British Library is inscribed ‘Son of the great [illegible] actor’ and then ‘Eton school list’. The Eton School Lists show a John Richardson attending
c
.1805–8, describing him as the ‘son of the great Lottery contractor’. If they are the same person, this dates the baiting arenas to
c.
1810s. The biographical information of the book’s inscription and the Eton School List otherwise seem incompatible. The ‘great’ showman John Richardson had no known children; the keeper of the lottery office in the eighteenth century was at one point a man named Richardson. (If this Revd John Richardson is his son, he was also a cousin of Beau Brummel.) I am grateful to Penny Hatfield, Eton College Archivist, for her help; Notebook of Sir John Silvester, British Library, Egerton 3710, ff. 3–4, 9, 29.

‘of animal baiting’: Badcock and Rowlandson,
Real Life in London
, vol. 1, pp. 596–7; monkey fight: Egan,
Life in London
, p. 222.

‘surrounding the city’:
The Times
, 28 March 1822, p. 1; police court:
ILN
, 29 April 1865, p. 391, is one account among many; ratting: Mayhew,
London Labour
, vol. 3, p. 7; the report is used almost verbatim by A. Mayhew,
Paved with Gold
, pp. 149ff., which I have cited here; dogfights: Mayhew,
London Labour
, vol. 1, p. 15, Smith,
Little World of London
, p. 52.

‘in the morning’:
Martin Chuzzlewit
, p. 651; Crockford’s: Donald A. Low,
The Regency Underworld
(Stroud, Sutton, 1999), pp. 145–6, and Anita McConnell, ‘Crockford, William’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.ezproxy.londonlibrary.co.uk/view/article/6713, accessed 16 May 2011].

‘matter-of-fact’:
Hints to Men about Town
, by ‘The Old Medical Student’ (Liverpool, George Davis, 1840), pp. 35, 42.

‘not the drinking’:
The Servant Girl in London
, pp. 14–17.

‘domestic furnishings’: model pub: Loudon,
An Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture
, pp. 686–7.

‘of public-houses’: ‘Misplaced Attachment of Mr John Dounce’,
Sketches by Boz
, pp. 284–6; suburban building and pubs: Mark Girouard,
Victorian Pubs
(London, Studio Vista, 1975), p. 38; A. Mayhew,
Paved with Gold
, p. 41.

‘so till midnight’: Select Committee: Parliamentary Papers, 1834, pp. 8, 121.

‘not by much’: ‘Gin-shops’,
Sketches by Boz
, pp. 217–18; temperance reformer in East End: cited in Brian Harrison, ‘Pubs’, in Dyos and Wolff,
Victorian City
, vol. 1, p. 170.