The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914 (107 page)

3 Wilhelm II and Germany

1
. Benson and Esher,
Letters: A Selection from Her Majesty’s Correspondence
, vol. III, 414.
2
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 119.
3
. Ibid., 104.
4
.
The Times
, 4 January 1896.
5
. Roberts,
Salisbury
, 624.
6
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 195.
7
. Steiner and Neilson,
Britain and the Origins
, 21.
8
. Ibid., 195.
9
. Kennedy, ‘German World Policy’, 614.
10
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 234.
11
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 358.
12
. Ibid., 259.
13
. Kröger, ‘Imperial Germany and the Boer War’, 38.
14
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 222–3.
15
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 246–7.
16
. Ibid., ch. 14.
17
. Steiner and Neilson,
Britain and the Origins
, 22.
18
. Eckardstein and Young,
Ten Years at the Court of St. James
, 112.
19
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 238.
20
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and
His Times
, 231.
21
. Carter,
The Three Emperors
, 267–71;
The Times
, 6 February 1901.
22
. Lerchenfeld-Koefering,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 65, 58, 34.
23
. Beyens,
Germany before the War
, 14–15.
24
. Ibid., 14.
25
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 82, 138–9.
26
. Hopman,
Das ereignisreiche Leben
, 125.
27
. Hull,
The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 17.
28
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 162.
29
. Lerchenfeld-Koefering,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 11.
30
. Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 58–9.
31
. Hopman,
Das ereignisreiche Leben
, 140.
32
. Epkenhans, ‘Wilhelm II and “His” Navy’, 12.
33
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 143, 142.
34
. Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 212.
35
. Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 36.
36
. Lerchenfeld-Koefering,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 33.
37
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 82, 139, 148; Röhl,
The Kaiser and His Court
, 15–16.
38
. Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 69.
39
. Röhl,
The Kaiser and His Court
, 15–16; Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 148.
40
. Beyens,
Germany before the War
, 58–9.
41
. Kessler,
Journey to the Abyss
, 199.
42
. Röhl,
The Kaiser and His Court
, 13.
43
. Wilhelm II,
Reden des Kaisers
, 32–3.
44
. Lerchenfeld-Koefering,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 19.
45
. Wilhelm II,
Reden des Kaisers
, 44.
46
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 226–7.
47
. Hull,
The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 15–16.
48
. Schoen,
Memoirs of an Ambassador
, 138.
49
. Röhl,
The Kaiser and His Court
, 23–4.
50
. Ibid., 25–6; Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 73–4.
51
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 75–6.
52
. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 1–2, 16–18.
53
. Carter,
The Three Emperors
, 22.
54
. ZedlitzTrützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 233.
55
. Bülow,
Memoirs of Prince von Bulow
, vol. II, 22.
56
. See, for example, Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 184, 235, 272.
57
. Craig,
Germany, 1866–1945
, ch. 2; Clark,
Iron Kingdom
, 558–62.
58
. Wilhelm II,
Reden des Kaisers
, 51.
59
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 126.
60
. Hull,
The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 31–3.
61
. Herwig,
‘Luxury’ Fleet
, 23.
62
. Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 37–8, 67; Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 120.
63
. Fesser,
Reichskanzler Fürst von Bülow
, 46–7.
64
. Rüger,
The Great Naval Game
, 93.
65
. Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 233.
66
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 119.
67
. Wilhelm II,
Reden des Kaisers
, 56.
68
. Holstein et al.,
The Holstein Papers
, 175.
69
. Clark,
Iron Kingdom
, 564.
70
. Craig,
Germany, 1866–1945
, 228; Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 211–12.
71
. Lerchenfeld-Koefering,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 23.
72
. Herwig,
‘Luxury’ Fleet
, 17.

4
Weltpolitik
: Germany’s Place on the World Stage

1
. Hull,
The Entourage of Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 31.
2
. Langsam, ‘Nationalism and History’, 242–3.
3
. Herwig,
‘Luxury’ Fleet
, 18.
4
. Epkenhans, ‘Wilhelm II and “His” Navy’, 15.
5
. Ibid., 16.
6
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 232.
7
. Craig,
Germany, 1866–1945
, 244–5.
8
. Ibid., 246.
9
. Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 282.
10
. Lerman,
The Chancellor as Courtier
, 1.
11
. Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 281–2.
12
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 201.
13
. Lerman,
The Chancellor as Courtier
, 86–90.
14
. Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 283.
15
. Berghahn, ‘War Preparations and National Identity’, 315.
16
. Kennedy, ‘German World Policy’, 617.
17
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 226.
18
. Ibid., 235.
19
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 126.
20
. Eckardstein and Young,
Ten Years at the Court of St. James
, 33.
21
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 129–30; Cecil,
German Diplomatic Service
, 294–5.
22
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 124; Craig,
Germany, 1866–1945
, 127.
23
. Hewitson,
Germany and the Causes
, 146–7.
24
. Ibid., 147.
25
. Craig,
Germany, 1866–1945
, 249.
26
. Winzen, ‘Prince Bulow’s Weltmachtpolitik’, 227–8.
27
. Bülow,
Memoirs of Prince von Bulow
, vol. III, 100.
28
. Winzen, ‘Treitschke’s Influence’, 155.
29
. Cecil,
Wilhelm II
, 51.
30
. Epkenhans, ‘Wilhelm II and “His” Navy’, 17.
31
. Winzen, ‘Treitschke’s Influence’, 160–61.
32
. Wilson,
The Policy of the Entente
, 4.
33
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 209.
34
. Epkenhans, ‘Wilhelm II and “His” Navy’, 13.
35
. Ritter,
The Sword and the Sceptre
, 110.
36
. Kennedy, ‘German World Policy’, 622.
37
. McMeekin,
The Berlin–Baghdad Express
, 14.
38
. Cecil,
Albert Ballin
, 152–3.
39
. Winzen, ‘Treitschke’s Influence’, 159.
40
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 241.
41
. Carter,
The Three Emperors
, 105.
42
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 140.
43
. Ibid., 84.
44
. Pless and Chapman-Huston,
Daisy, Princess of Pless
, 263–4.
45
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 180.
46
. Eckardstein and Young,
Ten Years at the Court of St. James
, 55.
47
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 265.
48
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 106.
49
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 296.
50
. Ibid., 265.
51
. Roberts,
Salisbury
, 485–6.
52
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 107.
53
. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 184.
54
. Tuchman,
The Proud Tower
, 131–4.
55
. Ibid., 132.
56
. Mahan,
The Influence of Sea Power upon History
, 28.
57
. Rüger,
The Great Naval Game
, 205–6.
58
. Clark,
Kaiser Wilhelm II
, 184.
59
. Bülow,
Memoirs of Prince von Bulow
, vol. II, 36–7.
60
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 345.
61
. Ibid., loc. 375–6.
62
. Ibid., loc. 391–5.
63
. Beyens,
Germany before the War
, 129.
64
. Massie,
Dreadnought
, 165.
65
. Steinberg,
Yesterday’s Deterrent
, 69.
66
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 93–4.
67
. Balfour,
The Kaiser and His Times
, 203.
68
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 383–7.
69
. Ibid., loc. 427–31.
70
. Herwig, ‘From Tirpitz Plan to Schlieffen Plan’, 53–5.
71
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 592–5; Lambi,
The Navy and German Power Politics
, 147.
72
. Kennedy,
Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism
, 239.
73
. Steinberg, ‘The Copenhagen Complex’, passim.
74
. Tirpitz,
Politische Dokumente
, vol. I, 1.
75
. Herwig,
‘Luxury’ Fleet
, 35.
76
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 598–601.
77
. Ibid., loc. 438–43, 465–77; Herwig,
‘Luxury’ Fleet
, 35; Rüger,
The Great Naval Game
, 37–43.
78
. Epkenhans,
Tirpitz
, Kindle version, loc. 479–83.
79
. Ibid., loc. 529–48.
80
. Zedlitz-Trützschler,
Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court
, 183–4.
81
. Kennedy, ‘German World Policy’, 620.
82
. Fesser,
Der Traum vom Platz
, 184.