To Be a Friend Is Fatal (47 page)

democracy in,
75

detainees (PUCs),
86
–87

elections in,
47
,
75
,
233

electricity lacking in,
29
,
30
,
32
,
57
–61,
94
,
139
,
141
,
227

ethnic cleansing in,
108
,
109
,
178

extrajudicial court systems,
157
,
245

Gulf War and,
25

humanitarian crisis (1990s),
27

infant mortality,
27
,
57

infrastructure breakdown, Iran–Iraq War and,
24

infrastructure breakdown, US war and,
32

insurgency in,
31
,
47
,
55
,
61
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
68
,
73
,
74
,
75
,
76
,
79
,
83
–84,
85
,
218
–19,
234

invasion of Kuwait (1990),
24
–25

Islamic extremism in,
209
–10,
212
(
see also specific groups
)

Johnson's return (2009),
254
–59

kidnappings in,
31
,
79
,
209
,
212
,
225
,
257
,
293

kidnap victim recovery as business in,
212

loss of civil society,
52

al-Maliki as prime minister,
155

murder of gays in,
237

no-fly zones established,
26

oil production,
26
–27

police force,
172

refugee crisis,
108
,
155
,
178

RSO in,
47

sanctions placed on,
26
–27

sandstorms,
76

searches for relatives lost or detained,
87

Shi'a-dominated government,
247

Shi'a uprising following Gulf War,
25
–26

Shi'a uprising late 1970s,
23

Shi'ites in,
23

Sunnis in,
23

TAPS program,
172

telephone service,
29

temperatures, summer,
57

topography,
42

Transitional National Assembly (TNA),
56

unemployment in,
79

unrest and American failure to restore electrical power,
57
–61

USAID-ARDI program,
52

US-installed leadership,
75
,
155
,
233

US reconstruction of,
155

US reconstruction of, cost,
49
,
52
,
59

US reconstruction of, failures,
57
–61,
66
,
75
,
233

US trained security forces,
75
,
233

water and,
24
,
25
,
27
,
30
,
32
,
57
,
58
,
66
,
207

women in,
3
,
135
,
207

Iraq Daily Update
(
IDU
),
51
–53,
67
,
76
,
78
,
89
,
156
,
185
,
258

recycled stories in,
51
,
52
–53

USGspeak and,
51
–53

Iraqi Christians,
67
,
171
–72,
191
,
219
,
237
,
261
,
280

Iraqi refugees.
See also
List Project

backlog of cases,
279

Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration and,
179
–81

Clinton's treatment of,
253

Congressional support for,
237
–38,
271

delays in visa processing,
226
,
229
,
230
,
235
–37,
260
,
269
–70,
281

in Egypt,
220
–21,
230

“enhanced” screening measures for,
236
–37,
278
,
283
–96

Guam option and,
253
,
254
,
270
–74,
275
,
276
,
280

historic parallels,
265
–70

in Jordan,
108
,
109
,
150
,
172
,
227
,
230
,
259

Kentucky arrests of terrorists and,
277
,
278

as largest crisis in sixty years,
168
,
192

media coverage and accelerated visas,
191

number of,
168
,
231
–32

pleas to Johnson,
169
–75

Refugee Admissions Program,
217
,
277
,
278

Refugee Bureau and,
179
–81,
190
,
198
–200,
230
,
235
–36,
275

Refugee Crisis in Iraq Act,
238
,
244

Sahwa cases,
247

Special Immigrant Visa and,
238
,
242
,
244
,
245
,
253
,
271
,
274
,
278
,
281
,
302

in Sweden,
189

in Syria,
108
,
109
,
162
,
168
,
189
,
240
,
259

task force promise to admit (2007),
186

UNHCR and,
226
,
228
,
232

US admissions procedures,
168
,
199
,
232

US Refugee Admissions Program and,
177
,
200
,
245

visas granted in 2007,
186
,
229
–30,
249

visas granted in 2008,
245

visas granted in 2010,
278

visas granted in 2011,
282

VOLAGs and,
238
–39

Iraqis, British-affiliated,
252

Iraqis, US-affiliated.
See also
specific people

American attitudes toward,
38
–40,
43
,
46
–47,
79

badges of,
3
,
4
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
106
,
159
,
170
,
172
,
173
,
179
,
201
,
257
,
259
,
261

Blumenauer legislation to help,
237

body armor not issued to,
48

Bush administration and,
229

claiming asylum during US visits,
201
–2

Congressional hearings on,
272
–74

distrust of,
62
–66

early optimism about US occupation,
61
–62

embassy list of found by extremists,
174

Hastings amendment,
274
,
275
,
278

indignities borne by,
62
–66

interpreters,
150
,
171
,
214
–19,
246
,
247
,
252
,
261
,
271
,
299
–300 (
see also
Hayder “Homeboy”)

ISI assassination plan for,
272

jobs in the Green Zone,
55

Johnson's list of,
174
,
175
,
179
–81,
190

Jordanians hired to replace,
66

journalists' interest in,
190
–91

Kennedy support for,
192
–94,
238

lack of plan for, post-withdrawal,
252
,
254

as LES (Locally Engaged Staff),
65

murder of,
106
,
170
,
201
,
292
–93

number of,
231
–32,
272

Obama and,
249
,
253
,
258
,
260
,
265

Packer writing about,
187
,
190

payment to,
139
,
148

pleas emailed to Johnson,
162
,
166
,
170
–73,
185
,
190
,
198
–99,
227
–28,
283
–96,
305

seen as traitors by countrymen,
62
,
85
–86,
142
–43,
147
,
148
,
174
,
217
,
244

slain and injured, partial list,
299
–300

threats and violence against,
3
,
5
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
106
–7,
142
–43,
159
,
170
,
172
,
173
,
283
–96,
302
(
see also
Omar)

uninformed of rights,
150

USAID employees,
42
–43,
47
,
61
–66,
79
,
168
,
169
,
172
,
184

US moral obligation to,
231
–32,
237
,
249
,
261

US refusal to protect,
65
,
106
,
160
–61

visas designated exclusively for,
238

visas granted to,
271

Iraqi Special Forces,
107

“Iraqi Volunteers, Iraqi Refugees: What is America's Obligation?” (House Subcommittee hearing),
231
–32

Iraq Reconstruction Management Office (IRMO),
49
–50

Iraq Refugee and Internally Displaced Persons Task Force,
185
–86,
230

Iraq War,
20

allies' protection of affiliated Iraqis,
252

ambushes and attacks,
82
(
see also
IEDs; VBIED)

Americans enter Baghdad,
136
–37

American troops, behavior of,
140
–41

antiwar protests,
21
,
157

apathy of public,
247
,
260

BATS system,
87

battle of Fallujah,
73
–74

bombing of Baghdad,
28
–29,
137

bombing of Basrah,
209

British forces,
252

Bush given ternary options for,
234
–35

canine members of the armed forces, help for,
304

casualty rate, US forces,
108

catchy phrases used in,
233

children fighting in,
85
–86

civilian flights (space-A),
93
,
94

civilian-military gap perceived in,
75
–76

“Coalition of the Willing,”
20

declassified Info Memo,
105

Democrats' six-point plan,
108
–9

embedded journalists,
254
–55

funding drop (2008),
247

General Petraeus and,
234

“ink-spot” approach,
75

Iraqi dead,
234

judgment of history,
243

media coverage,
168
–69

neoconservative support for,
21
,
53
,
109
,
121
,
234

night flights,
76
–77

Obama announces end of,
281
,
286

private security firms in,
38
,
52
,
55
–56,
59
,
61
,
73
,
254

requests for compensation,
216

the
Sahwa
(“Awakening”) and,
234
,
246

Shock and Awe,
28
–29,
43

status-of-forces agreement (SOFA),
246
,
247
,
254

strategies employed in,
75
,
233

“the surge,”
234
,
235
,
246
,
250

timetable for withdrawal,
251
–52

tragedies and atrocities,
74

US allies and,
21

US dead and wounded,
234
,
246

US shortage of Arabic speakers,
21

veterans,
181
–82

withdrawal of US troops,
251
,
273

withdrawal of US troops: Hastings amendment,
274
,
275
,
278

WMD and,
74
,
75
,
157

Islam,
23

Ramadan,
2
–3

US reluctance to resettle Muslims,
235
–36,
261

Islamic State of Iraq (ISI),
272

Islamist “pulp” writings,
20

It's a Wonderful Life
(film),
123
–24

“I Will” (Radiohead),
42

Izzy (American soldier),
139
,
141

Jaysh al-Sha'abi (Popular Army),
24