Tommy (90 page)

258
De Boltz Papers.

259
Quoted in McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 183.

260
Douie
The Weary Road
p. 196.

261
Dunn
The War
p. 159.

262
Dunn
The War
p. 309.

263
Hanbury-Sparrow
Land-Locked Lake
p. 293.

264
Jack
General Jack's Diary
p. 256.

265
Cyril Mason ‘War Journal', private collection pp. 31, 90.

266
Sassoon
Infantry Officer
p. 19.

267
Adams
Nothing of Importance
p. 129.

268
James Agate
L of C: Being the letters of a temporary officer in the Army Service Corps
(London 1917) pp. 149, 160.

269
Carton de Wiart
Happy Odyssey
pp. 86–7.

270
Ogle
Fateful Battle Line
p. 168.

271
Seton-Hutchison
Warrior
pp. 67–8, 212.

272
Tom Burke ‘In Memory of Tom Kettle' in
The Blue Cap: Journal of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association
(Vol. 9, Sept. 2002) p. 7.

273
Coppard
With a Machine Gun
p. 68.

274
Hale
Ordeal
p. 113.

275
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
p. 232.

Steel and Fire

1
King's Regulations 1912
revised 1914 para 1695.

2
Turner
Accrington Pals
p. 98.

3
Personal account of J. P. Clingo, private collection. Clingo was commissioned into the Lincolns in late 1914, and spent most of the war on the Western Front, winning an MC in 1918.

4
Lucy
Devil
p. 182.

5
Extracts from
General Routine Orders,
1 January 1918, Part 1 p. 14.

6
Graham C. Greenwell
An Infant in Arms
(London 1972) p. 157.

7
Blacker
Have You Forgotten
p. 43. He was right to be gloomy, for Robin had indeed been killed.

8
Nevil Macready
Annals of An Active Life
(2 vols, London 1924) II p. 128.

9
Extracts from
General Routine Orders,
1 January 1918, Part 1 p. 65.

10
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
pp. 19, 27.

11
Griffith
Mametz
p. 45.

12
Graves
Goodbye
p. 161.

13
Hawkings
Ypres to Cambrai
p. go.

14
Livermore
Long 'Un
p. 62.

15
Quoted in Malcolm Brown
The Imperial War Museum Book of the Western Front
(London 1993) p. 264.

16
Arthur Behrend
As from Kemmel Hill
(London 1963) pp. 138–9.

17
Campbell
Cannon 's Mouth
p. 49.

18
Huntley Gordon
The Unreturning Army: A Field Gunner in Flanders 1917–1918
(London 1969) p. 57.

19
Dunn
The War
p. 432.

20
The NCO's Musketry Small Book
(London 1915) pp. 3, 103.

21
Jones
In Parenthesis
p. 184.

22
Musketry Regulations Part I 1909 Reprinted 1914
p. 152.

23
Ashurst
My Bit
pp. 26–7.

24
Bullock Papers.

25
Turner
Accrington Pals
p. 99.

26
Lucy
Devil
p. 180.

27
Bullock Papers.

28
Groom
Poor Bloody Infantry
(London 1978) p. 104.

29
Preliminary Notes on the Tactical Lessons of Recent Operations SS110
(July 1916) p. 2.

30
Infantry Training 1914
pp. 134, 146. Emphasis in original.

31
Hanbury Sparrow
Land-Locked Lake
p. 213.

32
Liddell Diary, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

33
Graves
Goobye
p. 175.

34
Seton-Hutchison
Warrior
p. 135.

35
C. Dudley Ward
History of the Welsh Guards
(London 1920) p. 119.

36
Carrington
Soldier from the Wars
p. 176.

37
Martin Middlebrook
The First Day on the Somme
(London 1971) p. 184.

38
Crozier
Brass Hat
p. 228.

39
Billy Congreve
Armageddon Road: A VC's Diary 1914–1916
(ed. Terry Norman) (London 1982) p. 165. Hartlepool was amongst the coastal towns raided by German cruisers in December 1914, and some men from 9/DLI were killed.

40
Middlebrook
First Day
p. 162.

41
Blacker
Have You Forgotten
p. 174.

42
It is a reflection on the weapon's enduring, ‘eternally-obsolescent' merit that a Scots Guards company commander bayoneted two Argentinian soldiers during a night attack in the Falklands in 1982. By then weapons were far more sophisticated than in 1918, but the need to put steel in the soul was as strong as ever.

43
Edmonds
Military Operations, 1915
I p. 71.

44
Burgoyne
Diaries
p. 208.

45
Dolden
Cannon Fodder
p. 28.

46
Anthony Saunders
The Weapons of Trench Warfare 1914–18
(Stroud 1999) p. ix

47
Knowledge For War
p. 78.

48
Dunn
The War
p. 148.

49
The design was modified in the inter-war period to produce the 36 Grenade, which survived for most of my own military service, and even its replacement embodies the same essential features.

50
Ashurst
My Bit
p. 126.

51
Dunn
The War
p. 332.

52
Philip J. Haythornthwaite
The World War One Source Book
(London 1997) p. 195.

53
Chapman
Passionate Prodigality
p. 60,

54
Griffith
Battle Tactics
p. 123.

55
Coppard
With a Machine Gun
p. 103.

56
Coppard
With a Machine Gun
p. 66.

57
Bickersreth (ed.)
Diaries
p. 112.

58
Seton-Hutchison
Warrior
pp. 209, 215.

59
Seton-Hutchison
Warrior
p. 210.

60
Coppard
With a Machine Gun
p. 110.

61
Coppard
With a Machine Gun
p. 127.

62
The cavalry preferred the Hotchkiss, with its distinctive rigid ammunition feed strip. It was arguably a better-designed weapon than the Lewis, but its ammunition strip was very susceptible to dirt.

63
Quoted in Nigel Cave
Passchendaele: The Fight for the Village
(London 1997) p. 74.

64
Dudley Ward
Welsh Guards
p. 150.

65
Dudley Ward
Welsh Guards
p. 151.

66
Len Trawin
Early British Quick-Firing Artillery
(Hemel Hempstead 1997) p. 248.

67
Bidwell and Graham
Fire-Power
p. 11.

68
Lutyens Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

69
Helm Papers, private collection.

70
Bickersteth (ed.)
Bickersteth Diaries
p. 100.

71
Osburn
Unwilling Passenger
p. 38.

72
Burgoyne
Diaries
p. 129.

73
Dunn
The War
p. 359.

74
Shephard
Sergeant Major's War
p. 26.

75
Dunn
The War
p. 401.

76
Shephard
Sergeant Major's War
p. 52.

77
Quoted in Terence Denman
Ireland's Unknown Soldiers
(Blackrock, Co. Dublin, 1992) p. 98.

78
Dunn
The War
p. 398.

79
Blacker
Have You Forgotten
p. 260.

80
Ogle
Fateful Battle Line
pp. 103–4.

81
Statistics
p. 451 for a summary of gun and howitzer delivery, and pp. 466–89 for notes on munitions supply.

82
Field Service Regulations 1909 Part I
p. 143. Emphasis in original.

83
Quoted in David T. Zabecki
Steel Wind: Colonel Georg Bruchmuller and the Birth of Modern Artillery
(London 1994) p. 74

84
Arthur Behrend
As from Kemmel Hill
(London 1963) p. 53.

85
Rudolf Binding
A Fatalist At War
(London 1929) p. 194.

86
Junger
Storm of Steel
p. 96.

87
Westmann
Surgeon
p. 95.

88
Moyne
Staff Officer
p. 116.

89
Quoted in Prior and Wilson
Command
p. 197.

90
Feilding
War Letters
p. 299.

91
Moyne
Staff Officer
p. 112.

92
Talbot Kelly
Subaltern's Odyssey
p. 128.

93
Jones
In Parenthesis
p. 197.

94
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
p. 25.

95
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
p. 162.

96
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
pp. 47–8.

97
Stanford to ‘John', 7 July 1916, Stanford Papers, private collection.

98
Stanford to his mother, 8 July 1916, Stanford Papers, private collection.

99
Wade
War of the Guns
p. 92.

100
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
pp. 168–173.

101
Behrend
As From Kemmel Hill
p. 72.

102
Tyndale-Biscoe
Gunner Subaltern
pp. 96–9.

103
Denman
Ireland's Unknown Soldiers
p. 66.

104
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
p. 71.

105
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
p. 57.

106
Talbot Kelly
Subaltern's Odyssey
p. 108.

107
Behrend
As From Kemmel Hill
p. 61.

108
Sir Martin Farndale
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, The Western Front 1914–18
(Woolwich 1986) p. 210.

109
Shephard
Sergeant Major's War
p.
40.

110
Stanhope Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

111
Graves
Goodbye
p. 123.

112
Ginns Papers.

113
Hawkings
From Ypres
p. 68.

114
Livermore
Long 'Un
p. 51.

115
Lieutenant W. Drury, 4/KSLI ‘Gas: Western Command Gas School', private collection.

116
Roe
Accidental Soldiers
p. 62.

117
Dunn
The War
pp. 390–1.

118
Charles Arnold
From Mons to Messines and Beyond
(London 1985) p. 51.

119
Quoted in Donald Richter
Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War I
(Lawrence, Kansas, 1992) p. 211.

120
Littlewood Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

121
Richter
Chemical Soldiers
p. 182.

122
Richter
Chemical Soldiers
p. 190.

123
Bourne
Who's Who
p. 117.

124
Hanbury Sparrow
Land-Locked Lake
pp. 309–10.

125
Martin
Poor Bloody Infantry
pp. 55–6.

126
Bullock Papers.

127
Dunn
The War
p. 198.

128
SS 135
The Division in Attack,
November 1918, pp. 69–71.

129
Martin
Poor Bloody Infantry
p. 84.

130
Brooks Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

131
V. F. Eberle
My Sapper Venture
(London 1973) p. 130.

132
These remain the colours of the Royal Tank Regiment's stable belt. They also explain (though they cannot excuse) a drink called the Royal Tank, made up of carefully-poured layers of Tia Maria, Cherry Brandy and Crème de Menthe. Its effect is shattering.

133
Haig
Dispatches
p. 155.

134
John Foley ‘A7V Sturmpanzerwagen' in Stevenson Pugh (ed.)
Armour in Profile
(Windsor 1968).

135
Quoted in Malcolm Brown
The Imperial War Museum Book of 1918, the Year of Victory
(London 1998) pp. 198–9, 202–3.

136
Victor Archard Papers, Tank Museum, Bovington.

137
B. L. Henriques Papers, Tank Museum, Bovington.

138
C. B. Arnold Papers, Tank Museum, Bovington.

139
Griffith
British Fighting Methods
p. 138.

140
In much of what follows I gratefully acknowledge my debt to my PhD student David Kenyon: this is not the first occasion on which the roles of teacher and taught have been reversed.

141
Snelling Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum; Home
Diary
p. 38.

142
F. M. Edwards
Notes on the Training, Organisation and Equipment of Cavalry for War
(London 1910) p. 16.

143
K. B. Godsell Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.