Tudor Queenship: The Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth

TUDOR QUEENSHIP

THE REIGNS OF MARY AND ELIZABETH

Edited by 

Alice Hunt and Anna Whitelock

Copyright © Anna Whitelock and Alice Hunt, 2010.

ISBN: 978–0–230–61823–7

All rights reserved. First published in 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Tudor queenship: the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth / edited by Anna Whitelock and Alice Hunt.

p. cm.—(Queenship and power)

Includes bibliographical references and index

ISBN 978–0–230–61823–7

1. Monarchy—Great Britain—History—16th century.

2. Mary I, Queen of England, 1516–1558.

3. Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 1533–1603.

4. Queens—Great Britain—History—16th century.

5. Great Britain—Politics and government—1485–1603.

6. Great Britain—History—Tudors, 1485–1603. I. Whitelock, Anna. II. Hunt, Alice, 1974– III. Chawton House.

Library. DA317.1.T83 2010 942.0595092—dc22 2009053913

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2010. Printed in the USA.

QUEENSHIP AND POWER

Series Editors: Carole Levin and Charles Beem

This series brings together monographs and edited volumes from scholars specializing in gender analysis, women’s studies, literary interpretation, and cultural, political, constitutional, and diplomatic history. It aims to broaden our understanding of the strategies that queens— both consorts and regnants, as well as female regents—pursued in order to wield political power within the structures of male-dominant societies. In addition to works describing European queenship, it also includes books on queenship as it appeared in other parts of the world, such as East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Islamic civilization.

Editorial Board

Linda Darling, University of Arizona (Ottoman Empire)

Theresa Earenfight, Seattle University (Spain)

Dorothy Ko, Barnard College (China)

Nancy Kollman, Stanford University (Russia)

John Thornton, Boston University (Africa and the Atlantic World)

John Watkins (France and Italy)

Published by Palgrave Macmillan

The Lioness Roared: The Problems of Female Rule in English History 
By Charles Beem

Elizabeth of York 
By Arlene Naylor Okerlund

Learned Queen: The Image of Elizabeth I in Politics and Poetry 
By Linda Shenk

The Face of Queenship: Early Modern Representations of Elizabeth I 
By Anna Riehl

Elizabeth I: The Voice of a Monarch 
By Ilona Bell

Tudor Queenship: The Reigns of Mary and Elizabeth 
By Alice Hunt and Anna Whitelock

The Death of Elizabeth I
 (forthcoming) By Catherine Loomis

Queenship and Voice in Medieval Northern Europe
 (forthcoming) By William Layher

The French Queen’s Letters
 (forthcoming) By Erin Sadlack

Renaissance Queens of France
 (forthcoming) By Glenn Richardson

For Florence and Mary

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Notes on Contributors

List of Abbreviations

Introduction: “Partners Both in Throne and Grave”

Alice Hunt and Anna Whitelock

I Reputations

1. Memorializing Mary and Elizabeth

Anne McLaren

II Precedents and Traditions

2. Examples and Admonitions: What Mary Demonstrated for Elizabeth –
by Judith Richards

3. Godly Queens: The Royal Iconographies of Mary and Elizabeth –
by
Paulina Kewes

4. The Reformation of Tradition: The Coronations of Mary and Elizabeth –
by
Alice Hunt

5. Dressed to Impress –
by Maria Hayward

6. Elizabeth I: An Old Testament King –
by Susan Doran

III Educating for Rule

7. A Culture of Reverence: Princess Mary’s Household 1525–27 –
by Jeri L. McIntosh

8. Christian Women or Sovereign Queens? The Schooling of Mary and Elizabeth –
by
Aysha Pollnitz

9. “Spes maxima nostra”: European Propaganda and the Spanish Match –
by
Corinna Streckfuss

10. Power Sharing: The Co-monarchy of Philip and Mary –
by Alexander Samson

11. “Woman, Warrior, Queen?” Rethinking Mary and Elizabeth –
by Anna Whitelock

12. “Your most assured sister”: Elizabeth I and the Kings of France –
by Glenn Richardson

13. What Happened to Mary’s Councilors? –
by Ralph Houlbrooke

14. To Serve the Queen –
by
Robert C. Braddock

15. Women, Friendship, and Memory –
by Charlotte Merton

Appendix A
(List of Publications Relating to the Marriage of Mary and Philip)

Appendix B
(Mary I’s Privy Councilors on November 17, 1558)

ILLUSTRATIONS

1.1 Mary and Elizabeth’s tomb, Westminster Abbey

1.2 Tombs and graves in the Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey

4.1 Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I (The “Coronation” Portrait), unknown artist (c. 1600 [1559?]), National Portrait Gallery, London

4.2 Portrait of Queen Mary from the Coram Rege Rolls (1553), The National Archives

5.1 Mary I by Hans Eworth (1554), Society of Antiquaries, London

5.2 Queen Elizabeth I (“The Ditchley Portrait”) by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (c. 1592), National Portrait Gallery, London

6.1 Elizabeth as David. Frontispiece to Thomas Morton’s 
Salomon
 or 
A treatise declaring the state of the kingdome of Israel, as it was in the daies of Salomon
(London, 1596)

11.1 The Great Seal of Mary and Philip (1554), The National Archives

11.2 An Allegory of the Tudor Succession, attr. to Lucas de Heere (
c.
 1572), National Museum Wales

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The editors would like to thank Carole Levin and Charles Beem for publishing this volume as part of their “Queenship and Power” series and are grateful for their enthusiasm and comments. They would also like to thank Chris Chappell and Samantha Hasey at Palgrave in New York, and Michael Strang at Palgrave in the UK. The volume would not exist and would not have been such a pleasure to edit without the hard work and commitment of its contributors, and the editors would like to thank them all for allowing us to include their work, and for their cooperation and belief in the book. Finally, the editors would like to thank colleagues at Royal Holloway, University of London, and the University of Southampton, particularly members of the Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Culture.

CONTRIBUTORS

Robert C. Braddock
 is Professor of History at Saginaw Valley State University (Michigan, USA). He has published articles and reviews in
Albion
, 
Journal of British Studies
, 
Sixteenth Century Journal,
 and
Renaissance Quarterly
. His essays have also appeared in 
Recent Historians of Great Britain
, ed. Walter L. Arnstein (1990), 
Reader’s Guide to British History
, ed. David Loades, and the 
Oxford
 
Dictionary of National Biography
.

Susan Doran
 is a Senior Research Fellow in History at Jesus College and Lecturer in History at Regent’s Park College, University of Oxford. She has written widely on the reign of Elizabeth I and co-edited several collections of essays for Palgrave, including
The Myth of Elizabeth
 (2003) and
Tudors and Stuarts on Film
 (2008) with Thomas S. Freeman, and 
Tudor England and Its Neighbours
 (2005) with Glenn Richardson.

Maria Hayward
 is a Reader in History at the University of Southampton. She is a specialist in the material culture of the Henrician court and sixteenth-century dress. Her books include 
The 1542 Inventory of Whitehall: The Palace and Its Keeper
 (2004),
Dress at the Court of King Henry VIII
 (2007), and 
Rich Apparel: Clothing and the Law in Henry VIII’s England
 (2009).

Ralph Houlbrooke
 retired as Professor of Early Modern History at Reading University in 2006. His recent publications include “The Clergy, the Church Courts and the Marian Restoration in Norwich,” in 
The Church of Mary Tudor
, ed. Eamon Duffy and David Loades (2006).  He is a member of the group working under the direction of Dr. Helen Parish on the Leverhulme Trust funded edition of the “Parker Certificates” of the early 1560s, concerning the state of the clergy in the province of Canterbury.

Alice Hunt
 is a Lecturer in English at the University of Southampton. She is the author of 
The Drama of Coronation: Medieval Ceremony in Early Modern England
 (2008) and is currently working on a study of ceremony on the early modern English stage. Her essays on Tudor politics and literature have appeared in 
The
 
Historical Journal
 and
The Oxford Handbook of Tudor Literature
.

Paulina Kewes
 is a Tutorial Fellow in English Literature at Jesus College, Oxford and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. Her publications include 
Authorship and Appropriation: Writing for the Stage in England, 1660–1710
 (1998), 
Drama, History, and Politics in Elizabethan England
 (forthcoming), and, as editor or co-editor,
Plagiarism in Early Modern England (2003), The Uses of History in Early Modern England
 (2006), 
The Oxford Handbook to Holinshed’s Chronicles
 (forthcoming) and
The Question of Succession in Late Elizabethan England
(forthcoming).

Jeri L. McIntosh
 is an Assistant Professor at University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She received her PhD from Johns Hopkins University and her M. Litt from Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Her dissertation on the pre-accession households of Mary and Elizabeth Tudor won one of six Gutenberg-e prizes sponsored by the American Historical Association and Columbia University Press for dissertations on women and gender completed between 2000 and 2003.
From Heads of Household to Heads of State: The Preaccession Households of Mary and Elizabeth Tudor, 1516–1558
was published by Columbia University Press as both an e-book, available on the Gutenberg-e website, and as a hardback edition in 2009. She is currently working on her second book that will focus on Mary I.

Anne McLaren
 is a Senior Lecturer in the School of History, University of Liverpool. Her research focuses on the effects of religious reformation on early modern political thought. Her publications include 
Political Culture in the Reign of Elizabeth I: Queen and Commonwealth 1558–1585
 (1999; 2006), “Rethinking Republicanism: 
Vindiciae, contra tyrannos
 in Context,”
Historical Journal
 (2006), and a chapter on “Political Thought” for the forthcoming volume 
The Elizabethan World
, ed. Susan Doran and Norman Jones. Her forthcoming book,
Embodied Kingship: Regicide and Republicanism in England, 1570–1650
, investigates the relationship between king-killing and early modern state formation.

Charlotte Merton’s
 PhD thesis, “The Women who Served Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth: Ladies, Gentlewomen and Maids of the Privy Chamber 1553–1603” (Cambridge, 1992), was supervised by the late Geoffrey Elton. After several years as a freelance musician she returned temporarily to academe with a postdoctoral position at Lund University to research the Swedish court in the sixteenth century, funded by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond. She is now a professional translator.

Aysha Pollnitz
 is Lecturer in History at Rice University. She has written articles on humanism, court culture, religious translation, and Shakespeare and political thought. She is currently completing a monograph entitled 
Princely Education in Sixteenth-Century Britain
.

Judith Richards
 taught and wrote about early modern history and political thought at La Trobe University, where she is now a research associate. In recent years she has written about female monarchy in general and the two Tudor Queens in particular. She published the historical biography 
Mary Tudor
 (2008), and her current projects include a biography of Elizabeth Tudor.

Glenn Richardson
 is Reader in Early-Modern History at St Mary’s University College, London. He is the editor of 
The Contending Kingdoms: France and England 1420–1700
 (2008), joint-editor with Susan Doran of 
Tudor England and Its Neighbours
(2005), and author of
Renaissance Monarchy: The Reigns of Henry VIII, Francis I, and Charles V
 (2002). He is currently writing a monograph on the Field of Cloth of Gold for Yale University Press.