Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations (139 page)

CHAPTER 9. GALICIA

Bibliographical Note
. Library systems which fail to distinguish between ‘Galicia’ as a province of Spain and ‘Galicia’ as a province of the Austrian Empire can cause needless confusion. So, too, do entries which insist on placing historic entities into modern categories, such as ‘Galicia (Ukraine)’ or ‘Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)’. The sole overview of the subject in English, Paul Magocsi’s
Galicia: A Historical Survey and Bibliographical Guide
(Toronto, 1983) is written very deliberately from a Ukrainian standpoint, while Polish, Jewish and Austrian imperial perspectives are equally important. Readers are best advised to start with the relevant chapters in one of the general introductions to the Habsburg monarchy – such as that by Henry Wickham Steed (1913), by A. J. P. Taylor (1948, 1990), or by Robert Kann (1977) – and then to move on to studies of the different ethnic communities. In addition to Magocsi, it is possible to explore Galicia’s Polish connections in the chapter ‘Galicia’ in Norman Davies,
God’s Playground: A History of Poland
(Oxford, 1981), vol. 2, and Galicia’s Jewish heritage in Jonathan Webber,
Rediscovering Traces of Memory
(Bloomington, Ind., 2009).

I

1
. Journey undertaken in May 2006.
2
. Yury Lukomsky and Mariya Kostik,
Putyvnik-Halych
(L′viv, 2003).
3
. ‘Korotka istorichna kronika Halicha’, ibid.
4
. Ibid., p. 1.

II

5
. Stanislaw Grodziski,
W Kr
ó
lestwie Galicji i Lodomerii
(Kraków, 1976); see also Henryk Wereszycki,
Niewygas
ł
a przeszto
ść (Kraków, 1987); H.-C. Maner,
Galizien: eine Grenzregion im Kalk
ü
l der Donaumonarchie im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert
(Munich, 2007).
6
. T. C. W. Blanning,
Joseph II and Enlightened Despotism
(London, 1994); S. K. Padover,
The Revolutionary Emperor: Joseph II of Austria
(London, 1967).
7
.
Galizien
, Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas (Berlin, 1999).
8
. W. J. Podgórski,
Pie
śń
Ojczyzny pe
ł
na: Mazurek D
a˛
browskiego w dziejowych rolach
(Warsaw, 1994).
9
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/west_galicia
(2008).
10
. Karl Emil Franzos,
Aus Halbasien: Culturbilder aus Galizien
(1876), quoted by Marcin Pollack,
Nach Galizien
, trans. as
Po Galicji
(Wołowiec, 2007), p. 12.
11
. M. Orłowicz,
Ilustrowany Przewodnik po Galicji, Bukowinie, Spiszu, Orawie, i
Ś
la
˛
sku Cieszy
ń;
skim
(Lwów, 1919, repr. Krosno, 2004).
12
. J. Czajkowski (ed.), Ł
emkowie w historii i kulturze Karpat
(Rzeszów, 1992).
13
.
http://www.wrota.podkarpackie.pl/en/culture/minority/ethnic/boykos
(2011).
14
. F. A. Ossendowski,
Huculszczyzna: Gorgany i Czarnohora
(Wrocław, 1990).
15
. Daniel Beauvois,
Tr
ó
jka
˛
t ukrai
ń
ski: szlachta, carat i lud …, 1793
–
1914
(Lublin, 2005), brilliant but bilious, contains many references to Galicia; see also his ‘Szlachta w Galicji Wschodniej’,
Studia Historyczne
, 34/2 (1991).
16
. M. Sliwa (ed.),
Rok
1846
w Galicyji
(Kraków, 1997); see also Davies,
God’s Playground
, vol. 2, pp. 147–8.
17
. Stefan Kieniewicz,
The Emancipation of the Polish Peasantry
(Chicago, 1969).
18
. S. Unger,
The Galician Petroleum Industry
(London, 1907); Norman Davies, ‘Brytyjski kapitalism a nafta galicyjska’,
Studia Historyczne
, 13 (1970), pp. 283–9; Alison Frank,
Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia
(Cambridge, Mass., 2005).
19
. S. Szczepański,
Ne
˛
dza galicyjska w cyfrach
(Lwów, 1888), quoted by Davies,
God’s Playground
, vol. 2, p. 146.
20
. Dorota Praszałowicz
et al
.,
Mechanizmy zamorskich migracji
ł
a
ń
cuchowych w XIX wieku
(Kraków, 2004).
21
. W. Thomas and F. Znaniecki,
The Polish Peasant in Europe and America
(Boston, 1998).
22
.
www.vbvm.org/polish/song.html
(2008).
23
. John Czaplicka (ed.),
Lviv: A City in the Crosscurrents of History
(Cambridge, Mass., 2002); S. Wasilewski,
Lw
ó
w
(Wrocław, 1990); P. Fässler
et al
.,
Lemberg, Lwów, Lviv – eine Stadt im Schnittpunkt europäischer Kulturen
(Cologne, 1995).
24
. From K. Baedeker,
Austria-Hungary
(London, 1905).
25
. From Wincenty Pol, ‘Pieśń o ziemi naszéj’ (1843), ‘A Song of Our Land’.
26
. Jan Slomka,
From Serfdom to Self-Government: The Memoirs of a Polish Village Mayor (1842
–
1927)
(London, 1941).
27
. ‘Austria-Hungary, Die Kaiserhymne’,
http://david.national-anthems.net/ath.htm
(2008).
28
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/translations_of_gott_erhalte_franz_den_kaiser
(2008).
29
. Kornel Ujejski, from
Skargi Jeremiego
(Paris, 1947), trans. Norman Davies.
30
. Naphtali Herz Imber (1855–1909). See J. Kabakoff,
Master of Hope: Selected Writings of N. H. Imber
(New York, 1985).
31
. A. Krawczuk,
Christian and Social Ethics in Ukraine: The Legacy of Andrei Sheptytskij
(Edmonton, 1997).
32
. A. V. Wendland,
Die Russophilen im Galizien
(Vienna, 2001).
33
. K. Stopka,
Ormianie w Polsce dawnej i dzisiejszej
(Kraków, 2000).
34
. Mikhail Kizilov,
The Karaites of Galicia: An Ethno-religious Minority, 1772
–
1945
(Oxford, 2009).
35
. P. Palys, ‘The Road to Galicia: František Rehor and Everyday Life in Galicia in the Second Half of the 19th Century’,
Studia Historyczne
, 50/1 (2007).
36
. S. Ansky,
The Enemy at his Pleasure: A Journey through the Jewish Pale of Settlement during World War One
(New York, 2002).
37
. Stanisław Vincenz,
On the High Uplands: Sagas, Songs, Tales and Legends of the Carpathians
(London, 1955).
38
. Marcin Król,
Sta
ń
czycy: antologia my
ś
li spo
ł
ecznej i politycznej konserwatystów krakowskich
(Warsaw, 1982).
39
. W. Berbelicki,
Aleksander Br
ü
ckner
(Warsaw, 1989); M. Katz (ed.),
Aleksander Br
ü
ckner: ein polnischer Slavist in Berlin
(Wiesbaden, 1991).
40
. J. Dutkiewicz,
Szymon Askenazy i jego szkoła
(Warsaw, 1958).
41
. Mikhailo Hrushevsky,
The Traditional Scheme of Russian History
(Winnipeg, 1958).
42
. Isaac Biderman,
Mayer Balaban, Historian of Polish Jewry
(New York, 1976).
43
. J. Rosnowska,
Dzieje Poety: o Wincentym Polu
(Warsaw, 1963).
44
. B. Lasocka,
Aleksander Fredro: drogi z.ycia
(Warsaw, 2001).
45
. K. Przerwa-Tetmajer,
Poezje wybrane
, ed. J. Krzyz.anowski (Wrocław, 1968); K. Przerwa-Tetmajer,
Tales of the Tatras
(New York, 1943).
46
. Kazimierz Wyka,
M
ł
oda Polska
(Kraków, 1987); S. Pigoń,
Śpiewak wielkości narodu
(Wrocław, 1957), on Wyspiański.
47
. From S. Wyspiański,
Wesele (
1901
): The Wedding
, trans. Gerald Karpolka (Ann Arbor, 2001).
48
. J. J. Lipski,
Twórczość Jana Kasprowicza
(Warsaw, 1975).
49
.
Rusalka dniestrovaia: ruthenische Volks-Lieder
(Budim, 1837)
50
. J. Kozik,
The Ukrainian National Movement in Galicia, 1815
–
49
(Edmonton, 1986); ‘Ivan Franko’, in
Encyclopedia of Ukraine
(Toronto, 1970).
51
. Elz.bieta Wiśniewska,
Wasyl Stefanyk w obliczu Młodej Polski
(Wrocław, 1986).
52
. James Cleugh,
The First Masochist: A Biography of Leopold Sacher-Masoch
(London, 1967).
53
. Wilhelm Feldman,
Dzieje polskiej myśli politycznej
(Warsaw, 1991).
54
. From Mordechai Gebirtig,
Mayne Mider
(New York, 1948); G. Schneider (ed.),
Mordechai Gebirtig: His Poetic and Musical Legacy
(London, 2000).
55
. See Leszek Mazan,
Zdarzenia z z.ycia naszego monarchy
(Kraków, 2003).
56
. On 1848, L. B. Namier,
The Revolution of the Intellectuals
(Oxford, 1992). Namier, formerly Bernstein-Niemirowski, was himself a Galician; see Julia Namier,
Lewis Namier
(Oxford, 1971).
57
. Paul Magocsi,
The Roots of Ukrainian Nationalism: Galicia as Ukraine’s Piedmont
(Toronto, 2002).
58
.
New York Times
(13 April 1908).
59
. Robert Asprey,
The Panther’s Feast
(London, 1959); see also Janusz Piekałkiewicz,
World History of Espionage
(Washington, 1998).
60
. M. Kilowska-Lysiak, ‘Nikifor’, in Visual Arts Profiles,
www.culture.pl/en/culture/artykuly/os_nikifor_krynicki
(2008).
61
. ‘Bober (Hasidic Dynasty)’,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bobov.html
(2008).
62
. W. Milewska
et al
.,
Legiony Polskie
,
1914
–
18
(Kraków, 1998); Waclaw Je˛drzejewicz,
Joseph Piłsudski: A Life for Poland
(New York, 1982).
63
. They are not to be confused with the Ukrainian Legion raised by the Waffen-SS in the Second World War. They were to form the basic military force of the West Ukrainian Republic in 1918–19. See Stepan Ripetsky,
Ukrainske sichove striletstvo
(New York, 1956).
64
. Mark Von Hagen,
War in a European Borderland: Occupations and Occupation Plans in Galicia and Ukraine
(Seattle, 2007); see also Norman Stone,
The Eastern Front, 1914
–
17
(London, 1988).
65
. Jaroslav Ha
š
ek,
The Good Soldier Svejk and his Fortunes during the Great War
, trans. Cecil Parrott (London, 1998); Cecil Parrott,
The Bad Bohemian: The Life of Jaroslav Hašek, Creator of the Good Soldier Svejk
(London, 1978).
66
. J. W. Wheeler Bennett,
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Germany’s Eastern Policy
(London, 1940).
67
. Mikhailo Hutsuliak,
Pershyi Listopad 1918 roku na zakhidnikh zemlyakh Ukrainy
(Kiev, 1993); Artur Leinwand,
Obrona Lwowa: 1–22 listopada 1918r
(Warsaw, 1991); Oleksa Kuz′ma,
Lystopadovi dni 1918r
(L′viv,
2003
); Maciej Kozłowski,
Mie
˛
dzy Sanem a Zbruczem: walki o Lwów i Galicje
˛
Wschodnia
˛
, 1918
–
19
(Kraków, 1991).
68
. Norman Davies,
White Eagle, Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War, 1919
–
1920
(London, 1972); Michał Klimecki,
Galicja Wschodnia 1920
(Warsaw, 2000); idem,
Galicyjska Socjalistyczna Republika Rad
(Toruń, 2006); Michael Palij,
The Ukrainian-Polish Defensive Alliance, 1919
–
20
(Edmonton, 1995).
69
. See Norman Davies, ‘Great Britain and the Polish Jews, 1918–20’,
Journal of Contemporary History
, 8 (1973), pp. 119–42.
70
. A. Zakrzewski,
Wincenty Witos: chłopski polityk i ma
˛
z. stanu
(Warsaw, 1977).
71
. P. Kaluza,
A Life of Stefan Banach
(Boston, 1976).
72
. W. Łerner,
The Last Internationalist
(Stanford, Calif., 1979).
73
. Muhammad Asad,
Islam at the Crossroads
(New York, 1934),
The Road to Mecca