Vikings in America (37 page)

Nova Scotia
156

Nunavut,
90

Oak
17

Oberrheinisch Bastarda
84

Odin
23
,
35

Ogham
22

Ohman, Olaf
116–121

Olafsvik
5
,
142

Olaf Kyrre, king
81

Olaf Tryggvason, king
35
,
47

Olaf II Haraldsson, king
35

Old English
13

Old High German
13
,
64

Old Icelandic
13

Old Norse
3
,
13
,
64
,
119

Oraefajokul
54

Orkney
7
,
21–22
,
147
,
169

Orphir Round Church
169

Oslo
151

Othere
13

Ottawa
42

owl, snowy
92

Oxford
151

Papey
30

parliament, English
20

Parry Channel
109

Patrick, saint
20

Peary, Robert
91
,
139–140

Peary caribou
92–93
,
113

pemmican
72

Penobscot Bay
77

Pentland Firth
22

Picts
21

Pilgrim Fathers
117
,
158–159

pirates
58

Plains Indians
132

Pliny the Elder
95

Plymouth
158

polar bear
48
,
92–93

polar desert
91

polar oasis
91

polynya
92

Powell Knutsson
54

Prospero
153

Pytheas of Marseille
26–27
,
93

Qaanaaq
92

Qeqertasussuk,
132

Quitsualik, Rachel Attituq
111

Rafn, Carl Christian
166

Rasmussen, Knut
100
,
111

raven
25
,
29

Ravens Floki
see under
Floki Vilgertharson

Red River
118

Reformation
5

reindeer
see under
caribou

Resolute
90

Reykholt
50
,
142

Reykjavik
30
,
33–34

Rhode Island
164
,
166
,
172

Rhode Island Preservation and Heritage Commission
168

Robert III, king
144

Romans
15
,
26–27

Rome
20
,
49–50
,
108

Rona
146–147

Ross, Sir John
103
,
139

Rosicrucian
154

‘Round Table'
150

Royal Arms, British
95

Russia
6
,
14–15
,
101
,
110

Saga of Eirik the Red
66

Saga of the Greenlanders
47
,
48
,
88

Sahara Desert
91

Samoset
158

Samoyed
136

Sandnes
185

Saxo Grammaticus
40

St Helena
98

St Kilda,
99
146

St Lawrence River
83
,
171–172

St Omer
18

Sadlermiut
112

Saqqaq
132–133

Saxony
63

Scandinavia
63

Schledermann, Peter
89

Scoresbysund
48
,
133

Scotland
15
,
28
,
97
,
144–147

etymology of
172

Scrooby
158

seal
92–93

Seaver, Kirsten
87

Sedna
112

Sengen
101

Seythisfjordur
26

Shakespeare, William
153

Shetland
7
,
21–22
,
147

Sinclair, Henry
61

ship-building
16

ships

clinker-built
16

dragon-ships
17

knar
18–19

rivets
17

pre-Viking
16

tea-clippers
19

Siberia
49
,
71
,
135–136

Sicily
15
,
49

Sigurd, king
50

Sisimiut
104

Sivullirimiut
134–135

Skalholt, bishop
59

Skalholt Map
141

Skara Brae
66

Skraelings
10
,
57
,
72

Skraeling Land
141

slaves
22
,
33
,
59

Smith Sound,
89
,
103
,
131

Smithsonian Institute,
115

Snaebjorn Galti
37–38

Snaefell
36
,
134
,
142

Snaeland
26

Snorri Sturluson
51

Snorri Thorfinnson
73

Spain
3

Speculum Historiale
83

Speculum Regale
51

Spitsbergen
27
,
101
,
108

Stafansson, Vilhjalmur
125

Stangarfoli
50

Stine, Anne
76

Sutherland
22

Sutton Hoo
79

Svend Estridson, king
64

Sverdrup, Otto
98
,
113

Sweden
6

taefel
145

Tartar Relation
83

Tasiilaq
37

Tehran
108

Templars
2

Terror
105

Tertullian
96

thanksgiving
159

Thingvellir
34
,
39
,
70
,
180

Thor
35

Thor's hammer
115

Thorgils Orrabeinfostre
47–48
,
133

Thorbjorg
47

Thorbjorn
47

Thorfinn Thordarson Karlsefni
see under
Karlsefni

Thorstein
70

Thorvald
70

Thule
10
,
92
,
103
,
136
,
170

Tisquantum
158–159

tolos
169

Torolvur Torsteinsson
29

Treatise on the Astrolabe
152

Trondheim
53
,
146

Troy
173

tuberculosis
161–165

Tunit
112

Uig
144
,
146

Ultima Thule
27

Ulukhaktok
125

Ungava Bay
115

unicorn
95–97
,
144

Upernavik
46
,
99

Up-Helly-Aa
79

Upper Rheinland Cursive
84

Uppsala, University of
123

varang
15

Varangians,
15

Vatican
5
,
65
,
147–150

library
147

secret archives
147

Vatnajokul
26

Vatnafjorthur
29

Venice
60

Vercelli manuscript
65

Vespucci, Amerigo,
2
,

Verrazano, Giovanni da,
164
,
170

Vespucci, Amerigo
173

Victoria, queen
125–128

Victoria Island
125–128
,
136
,
138
,
171

Vik
16
,
29

Viking ships
9
,
16–19

Vinland
1
,
4
,
8–9
,
49
,
63–88
,
141
,
148
,
171
,
174

Vinland Map
82–88

Vinland Sagas
66
,
117
,
142

Virginia Company
158

Volume of Great and Rich Discoveries
154

Wahlgren, Erik
118

Waldseemuller, Martin
173–174

Wales
15

etymology of
172

walrus
92
,
94
,
145

Wampanoag
159

wampum
165

Ward Hunt ice-shelf,
91

Washington Irving Island
98

Westerman Islands
30

Western Isles of Scotland
8
,
22
,
44
,
80

West Greenland Current
43

whalers
126–127
,
134

whales

beluga
92–94

blue
93

Greenland
93

grey
93

harbour porpoise
93

humpback
93

narwhal
92–97

orca
93

sei
93

white–beaked dolphin
93

White Sea
108

Wichmann
62

Widsith
66

William the Conqueror
7

Williams, Henrik
123

Williams, Roger
165

Winchester
19

Wolter, Scott
123

World Geography
49

witches
47
,
133

Wulf and Eadwacer
65

Yale University
82

Yeavering
19

York
80

York Factory
115

Zeno, Nicolo
60

Zeno Voyages
60

The Gokstad Ship, a ninth-century ship in the Viking Ship Museum, Oslo. In 1893 a replica of this ship crossed the Atlantic from Bergen to Newfoundland, and sailed on to the Great Lakes.

Viking Figurehead. A replica from Unst Boat Haven, Shetland.

Viking Ship's Rivet. One of the most common archaeological finds from the Viking period.