Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (749 page)

   Increased formation of acids

   Ketosis (DM, starvation, hyperthyroidism, high-fat low-carbohydrate diet, after trauma)

   Cellular hypoxia including lactic acidosis

   Decreased excretion of H
⁺

   Renal failure (prerenal, renal, and postrenal)

   Renal tubular acidosis

   Fanconi syndrome

   Acquired (drugs, hypercalcemia)

   Inherited (cystinosis, Wilson disease)

   Addison disease

   Respiratory acidosis

   Emphysema, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema

   Bronchoconstriction, plugs, and drugs depressing the respiratory center

   Obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease