Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (887 page)

Increased In

   Cystinosis

   Cystinurias

   Cystinlysinuria

   Nephrolithiasis

   Nephrotoxicity due to heavy metals

   Renal tubular acidosis

   Wilson disease

   First semester of pregnancy

Decreased In

   Severely burned patients

   Limitations

   Urinary excretion is age dependent.

   Cystine excretion is normal in dibasic aminoaciduria.

CYTOGENETICS: FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (FISH), CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS, AND KARYOTYPING
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   Definition

   
FISH:
Molecular hybridization of a fluorescently labeled, cloned sequence of interest to a mitotic chromosome or interphase nucleus.