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10. In Italian, for example,
Schadenfreude
is italicized and used rarely. See Primo Levi’s felicitous usage in
I sommersi e I salvati
(translated as
The
Drowned and the Saved
, by Raymond Rosenthal), in the section entitled “
La
violenza inutile
” (“Useless Violence”). Stefano Albertini brought this passage to my attention.
11. Alasdair MacIntyre,
Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry
(South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), p. 191.
12. Theodor Adorno, “On the Question: ‘What is German?’,” trans. Thomas Y. Levin, in
New German Critique
36 (1985): 121–131, 129.
13. Victor Farias,
Heidegger and Nazism
, ed. Joseph Margolis and Tom Rockmore (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989).
14. Anthony Kenny,
Action, Emotion, and Will
(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963), p. 13.
15. See the brief children’s play
Die Schadenfreude: ein Kleines Lustspiel
für Kinder mit Liederchen
(Stuttgart: Reclam) by Christian Weisse (1726–1804). See also Leo Spitzer, “
Schadenfreude
,” in
Essays in Historical
Semantics
(New York: S.F. Vanni, 1948); and Lutz Röhrich,
Der Witz: Figuren, Formen, Funktionen
(Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1977), pp. 140, 174, 184, 188, 215, 242, 268.
16. Klaus Scherer, Harold Wallbott, Angela Summerfield, eds.,
Experiencing Emotion: A Cross-Cultural Study
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 4.
17. Batja Mesquita and Nico H. Frijda, “Cultural Variations in Emotions: A Review,” in
Psychological Bulletin
112 (1992): pp. 170–204. See also K.R. Scherer, H.G. Wallbott, D. Matsumoto, and T. Kudoh, “Emotional Experience in Cultural Context: A Comparison Between Europe, Japan, and the United States,” in
Facets of the Emotions
, ed. K.R. Scherer (Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1988), pp. 5–30.
18. Herman Melville, “Billy Budd, Sailor,” in
Billy Budd, Sailor & Other
Stories
(New York: Penguin, 1983), p. 355.
19. Claudia Card,
The Unnatural Lottery
:
Character and Moral Luck
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press), pp. 56–57. I follow Card closely in the next few paragraphs; her view of Kant and Schopenhauer is well founded and clearly staked out.
20. Immanuel Kant,
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the
Sublime
, trans. John T. Goldthwait (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960), p. 81. Hereafter,
OFBS.
21. Arthur Schopenhauer, “On Women,” in
Parerga and Paralipomena
, trans. E.F.J. Payne, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), vol. 1, p. 619.
22. Bryan Magee,
The Philosophy of Schopenhauer
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983), pp. 322–325.
23. Susan Sontag, “Notes on ‘Camp’” (1964), in
Against Interpretation
(New York: Doubleday, 1990), pp. 275–292.
24. See Marjorie Garber, “Jew, Woman, Homosexual,” in
Vested Interests
(New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 224–233.
25.
The Unnatural Lottery
, p. 53.
25. John Rawls,
A Theory of Justice
, Chapter Four, Sections 33–35. See also John Rawls, “Justice as Fairness: Political Not Metaphysical,”
Philosophy and Public Affairs
14 (Summer 1985): 308–322.
Conclusion
1. Michel Foucault,
The Order of Things
(New York: Pantheon, 1970), p. 298.
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