When Books Went to War (36 page)

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By early 1942:
“8,000,000-Man Army: Stepping Up the Draft,”
United States News
, May 22, 1942.

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five largest cities:
John Connor, “On to Victory with the Victory Book Campaign,”
American Library Association Bulletin
36, no. 9 (September 1942), 552.

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Within two weeks:
“100,000 Books Sent to Armed Services,”
New York Times
, January 29, 1942.

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“
Although we realized”:
Meeting of Advisory Committee of the VBC, January 27, 1942, VBC Records.

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“
Our library here”:
Letter to the Wichita VBC from W. A. B., 2nd Lieut. Air Corps., Library Officer, March 5, 1942, VBC Records.

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“
You have started”:
Letter from W. B. to M. S., May 4, 1942, VBC Records.

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“
Something's wrong”:
Editorial, “Design for Giving,”
Saturday Review of Literature
, February 7, 1942.

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the Office of Production:
“Aluminum Drive Set at 2,000 Planes,”
New York Times
, July 12, 1941.

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“
Enthusiastic householders”:
Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time
, 258–60.

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think twice:
“Any Rags, Any Paper for Freedom Today?”
New York Times
, April 2, 1942.

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“
not enough nonessential”:
“Capitol Rounds up 318 Tons of Scrap,”
New York Times
, July 3, 1942.

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In two weeks:
“Rubber Collection Extended 10 Days,”
New York Times
, June 30, 1942; Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time
, 358.

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“
workers stand ready”:
“The President's Message,”
New York Times
, January 7, 1942.

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“
Life under a war”:
Eugene S. Duffield and William F. Kerby, “The War Economy, Like Living in a Great Depression,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 9, 1942.

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General Motors:
Goodwin,
No Ordinary Time
, 362, 357–59.

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Gone were:
Bennett Cerf, “Auto Curbs Bring New Book Demand,”
New York Times
, January 3, 1943.

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Even years after:
Paul Fussell,
Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 197–98.

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“
Whether or not”:
James M. Landis, “We Have Become a Team,”
New York Times
, December 6, 1942.

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When the Office:
“Golf Ball Rush Causes Rationing,”
New York Times
, December 19, 1941.

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Women grabbed handfuls:
“Girdles for the Duration,”
New York Times
, January 11, 1942.

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“
If it is news”:
“Don't Be a Hoarder,”
New York Times
, February 15, 1942.

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“
If you don't believe”:
“The President's Broadcast,”
New York Times
, April 29, 1942.

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Warren turned:
“Victory Books Records, Publishers' Donations to the Victory Book Campaign,” VBC Archives.

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Pocket Books did:
John Hersey,
Into the Valley: A Skirmish of the Marines
(New York: Pocket Books, 1943), 124.

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By early March:
“Report on Books Collected and Books Distributed,” January 12 to March 1, 1942, VBC Records.

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Newspapers had a:
“A Symbol of Freedom,”
Christian Science Monitor
, February 28, 1942.

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The VBC did:
“Report on Books Collected,” VBC Records.

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“
musn't be dirty”:
“Wanted: Books for Fighters,”
New York Times
, April 11, 1942.

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early spring of 1942:
“The President's Broadcast.”

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“
Five years ago”:
Pyle,
Here Is Your War
, 226, 246, 255.

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“
Monotony, monotony”:
Pfc. H. Moldauer, “Monotony,”
The Best from Yank, the Army Weekly
(New York: Armed Services Editions, No. 934 [1945]), 416.

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“
nine-tenths ordinary”:
Sgt. Walter Bernstein, “Infantry Battalion Sweats It Out in Italy,”
The Best from Yank
(New York: Armed Services Edition, No. 934 [1945]), 115.

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When a battle:
Fussell,
Wartime
, 55, 278–79.

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“
was difficult to”:
E. B. Sledge,
With the Old Breed at Peleliu and Okinawa
(New York: Presidio Press, 2007), 108.

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“
suffers so deeply”:
Fussell,
Wartime
, 96.

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War correspondent Ernie:
Pyle,
Here Is Your War
, 49.

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“
something worthwhile”:
Letter from P. W. T., Chaplain, to John Connor, April 22, 1943, VBC Records.

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In addition to:
Christopher P. Loss, “‘The Most Wonderful Thing Has Happened to Me in the Army': Psychology, Citizenship, and American Higher Education in World War II,”
Journal of American History
92, no. 3 (December 2005), 874.

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“
When we read”:
Beverly Sigler Edwards, “The Therapeutic Value of Reading,”
Elementary English
39, no. 2 (February 1972), 215.

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Many men who:
Charles Bolte,
The New Veteran
(New York: Reynal & Hitchock, 1945), 14, 17.

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editorial Warren published:
Boaz,
Fervent and Full of Gifts
, 95–96.

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Training camps' stores:
Memorandum, to John Connor from H. D., June 23, 1942, VBC Records.

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“He was always”:
Stan Elman, “John Michael Connor,”
Special Libraries
(May/June 1979), 256.

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By April 1942:
“Book Drive Pushed for Service Men,”
New York Times
, April 18, 1942.

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“
asked the cooperation”:
“Roosevelt Makes Victory Book Plea,”
New York Times
, April 15, 1942.

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“
We all know”:
Letter to the American Booksellers Association from Franklin D. Roosevelt, April 23, 1942, Council Records.

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Stories of citizens:
“Book Drive Pushed,”
New York Times;
“Wanted: Books for Fighters,”
New York Times
.

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One Boy Scout:
“Final Reports, Victory Book Campaign,” VBC Records.

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Nearly nine million:
“Report on Books Collected,” VBC Records.

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In the event:
Letter from H. P., May 8, 1942, VBC Records.

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last-minute collections:
See generally Publicity 1942, Commencement Day Book Collections, VBC Records, Box 4, Folder 119.

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“
Hunger, forced labor”:
“Feast of the Book-Burners,”
New York Times
, May 10, 1942.

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Renowned for:
“Winner for Novel Long in Business,”
New York Times
, May 2, 1944.

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Over the next:
“Radio Today,”
New York Times
, May 10, 1946.

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“
Justify the enemy”:
Stephen Vincent Benét, “They Burned the Books,”
Saturday Review of Literature
, May 8, 1943.

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“The Lorelei”: A. Z. Foreman, “Heinrich Heine: The L0relei (From German),” available at
http://poemsintranslation.blogspot.com/2009/11/heinrich-heine-lorelei-from-german.html
.

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“with totalitarian”:
Benét, “They Burned the Books.”

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“
This battle is”:
Benét, “They Burned the Books.”

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“
to let you know”:
Letter from Pvt. S. C., to the ALA, December 11, 1942, VBC Records.

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“
and I can assure”:
Letter from 1st Lt. S. F. S. to John Connor, May 24, 1943, VBC Records.

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a captain reported:
Letter from Capt. S. B. to G. S., June 3, 1943, VBC Records.

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“
the worst indictment”:
Letter from Isabel DuBois to John Connor, August 25, 1942, VBC Records.

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“
positive it is not”:
Letter from Charles Taft to Althea Warren, February 9, 1942, VBC Records.

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Between 1870:
Joanne E. Passet, “Men in a Feminized Profession: The Male Librarian, 1887–1921,”
Libraries & Culture
28, no. 4 (Fall 1993), 386.

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“
#1 in the field”:
Memorandum, “USO for National Defense, Inc,” VBC Records (emphasis added).

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“
Taft began once again”:
Letter from John Connor to Althea Warren, August 14, 1942, Althea B. Warren Papers, Record Series 2/1/24-1, “Victory Book Campaign 1942,” American Library Association Archives, University of Illinois.

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“
How glad I am”:
Letter from Althea Warren to John Connor dated July 30, 1942, VBC Records.

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“
any subject”:
Memorandum for Colonel Corderman, December 28, 1942, VBC Records.

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turned to publishing companies:
Publishers' Donations to the Victory Book Campaign, Box 2, Folder 2, VBC Records.

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Despite early setbacks:
Jamieson,
Books for the Army
, 128–29.

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“
late and tattered”:
Bill Mauldin,
Up Front
(Cleveland, Ohio: World Publishing, 1945), 18.

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The 1942 reorganization:
Jamieson,
Books for the Army
, 130–35, 141.

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“
after a few more”:
Sgt. Sanderson Vanderbilt, “Tough Shipment Ticket,”
Yank, the Army Weekly
(British ed.), October 1, 1944, 9.

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“
Even in good”:
Jamieson,
Books for the Army
, 132–33.

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“
war correspondents are”:
“A Message from the Editor of
The Saturday Evening Post
,”
Post Yarns
5, no. 3 (1944).

 

4. New Weapons in the War of Ideas

 

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“
The first couple”:
Pyle,
Here Is Your War
, 4–5.

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“
Too many people
”
:
“Army to Purchase Books for Troops,”
New York Sun
, May 12, 1943.

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“
American soldiers”:
“Public Campaign Fails, Army Will Buy Books,”
New York Herald Tribune
, May 13, 1943.

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a 1944 campaign:
Minutes for Meeting, May 19, 1943, VBC Records.

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“
our warehouse”:
Letter from M. R. G. to Neola Carew, VBC Records.

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“
If libraries are”:
Letter from “Ward,” Assistant to the Librarian of the Cleveland Public Library, to Neola Carew, September 8, 1943, VBC Records.

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“
Certainly the need”:
Letter to the Board of Directors of the Victory Book Campaign from L. C. B., September 2, 1943, VBC Records.

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“
Dig a hole”:
Mauldin,
Up Front
, 143–44.

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“
you could see”:
Sgt. Ralph Thompson, “A Report on Reading Overseas,”
New York Times Book Review
, August 15, 1943.

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“
soldiers at the front”:
Mauldin,
Up Front
, 25.

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fewer than two hundred thousand:
Loss, “Reading Between Enemy Lines,” 821.

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However, the tides:
Frank Adams, “Rationing Cuts Down Greatest Book Sales in History,”
New York Times Book Review
, August 8, 1943.

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“
was the most remarkable”:
“Books,”
Time
(Pony Ed.), December 20, 1943, 33.

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The concept for:
Robert A. Ballou and Irene Rakosky,
A History of the Council on Books in Wartime, 1942–1943
(New York: Country Life Press, 1946), 1–3.

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Publishing was a second:
“Johnson, Ex-Head of Book Council,”
New York Times
, February 28, 1958.

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“
Books are weapons”:
Ballou and Rakosky,
A History of the Council on Books in Wartime
, 1–5.

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“
committee in search of”:
Ballou and Rakosky,
A History of the Council on Books in Wartime
, 1–5.

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The essay began:
“Books and the War,” draft of essay, Council Records.

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“
everyone who has”:
“The Literature of Power,” speech by Honorable Adolf A. Berle Jr., May 12, 1945, New York Public Library.

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“
The book written”:
“U.S. Urged to Train Boys to Be Officers,”
New York Times
, May 13, 1942.

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After its Times Hall:
Ballou and Rakosky,
A History of the Council on Books in Wartime
, 34–35.

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The program was first:
Script for “Assignment: USA.,” Council Records.