* The United States as well as the South Vietnamese invaded Cambodia in their attempt to stop the Viet Cong, but they instead drove the Viet Cong deeper into Cambodia.
* There are rhymes and rhythms in the original. Unfortunately, these cannot be rendered in the translation.
† Age based on the Zodiac signs, which made her older than she really was. According to the conventional calendar, Chea was only twenty-one.
* A gesture of respect involving pressing the palms of the hands together, then raising them to the chest or chin.
¶ The Khmer People’s National Liberation Front was an anti-Communist resistance group that fought against the Khmer Rouge. It was led by Son Sann, a distinguished prime minister from the Prince Sihanouk era.
* Similar to avorng , a nickname for a type of black bird with white and yellow markings on its head which could be trained to talk.
* Referring to the grenade that is inserted into the barrel, which is similar in shape to a banana bud.
* Toward the end of 1979, in response to the international outcry, the Thai government allowed the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to open holding centers inside Thailand. Khao I Dang opened in November and within two months had swelled to a city of 120,000. “Khao I Dang was for a while the largest Cambodian city in the world,” noted Timothy Carney, an official with the American Embassy in Bangkok (U.S. Committee for Refugees, “Cambodian Refugees in Thailand: The Limits of Asylum”).
* At the then current exchange rate, 150 bahts equaled $7.50.