Read When Paris Went Dark Online
Authors: Ronald C. Rosbottom
Tags: #History / Europe / France, #History / Jewish, #History / Military / World War Ii
When Paris Went Dark (48 page)
1
Raoul Nordling with Victor Vinde and Fabrice Virgili,
Sauver Paris: Mémoires du consul de Suède (1905–1944),
ed. Fabrice Virgili (Brussels: Éditions Complexe, 2002), 118.
2
Michael S. Neiberg,
The Blood of Free Men: The Liberation of Paris, 1944
(New York: Basic Books, 2012), 11.
3
Steve Zaloga,
Liberation of Paris 1944: Patton’s Race for the Seine
(New York: Osprey, 2008), 7.
4
Joachim Ludewig,
Rückzug: The German Retreat from France, 1944,
ed. David T. Zabecki (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2012), 142.
5
Edith Thomas,
La Libération de Paris
(Paris: Mellottée, 1945), 14.
6
The two fullest eyewitness accounts we have of these last few days of the Occupation are those of Nordling,
Sauver Paris
(Saving Paris) and von Choltitz’s own self-serving but fascinating memoir,
De Sébastopol à Paris: Un soldat parmi des soldats
(Paris: Aubanel, 1964). Two more informative histories are the well-known
Is Paris Burning?
by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965) and two recent histories of the Liberation by Neiberg,
The Blood of Free Men,
and Matthew Cobb,
Eleven Days in August: The Liberation of Paris in 1944
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2013).
7
Choltitz,
De Sébastopol à Paris,
207.
8
Ibid., 247.
9
Ibid., 239.
10
Ibid., 240–41.
11
Cited in Edmond Dubois,
Paris sans lumière, 1939–1945: Témoignages
(Lausanne: Payot, 1946), 210–11. The leaflet was distributed by air over Paris on August 25, 1944; late the night before, the first Allied tanks, led by the French, had entered the city.
12
Cited in Ludewig,
Rückzug,
145.
13
Benoîte and Flora Groult,
Journal à quatre mains
(Paris: Denoël, 1962), 459, 460.
14
Pierre Audiat,
Paris pendant la guerre, 1940–1945
(Paris: Hachette, 1946), 298.
15
Ibid., 296.
16
Jean Guéhenno,
Journal des années noires, 1940–1944
(Paris: Gallimard, 1947), 433–34.
17
Institut national de l’audiovisuel,
Journal de la résistance: La Libération de Paris
(video), available at the INA website (http://www.ina.fr/video/AFE99000038).
18
Jacques Yonnet,
Paris Noir: The Secret History of a City,
trans. Christine Donougher (Sawtry, UK: Dedalus, 2006), 171.
19
Thomas,
La Libération de Paris,
69.
20
Ibid., 71.
21
Françoise Gilot and Carlton Lake,
Life with Picasso
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), 53.
22
Victoria Beck Newman, “
The Triumph of Pan:
Picasso and the Liberation,”
Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte
62, no. 1 (January 1, 1999), 115.
23
Guéhenno,
Journal des années noires,
436.
24
Berthe Auroy,
Jours de guerre: Ma vie sous l’Occupation
(Montrouge, France: Bayard, 2008), 337.
25
Choltitz,
De Sébastopol à Paris,
249.
26
United States Army,
Instructions for American Servicemen in France during World War II,
with a new introduction by Rick Atkinson (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008), 50–51.
27
Writes Matthew Cobb in his book on the Liberation,
Eleven Days in August:
“Figures given by historians vary substantially, and can rarely be traced back to any original source.” He gives the range of variants on page 509, note 30. See also Neiberg,
The Blood of Free Men,
page 246, for more information—and confusion.
28
Mary Louis Roberts’s
What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013) gives embarrassing details of US soldiers’ sexual behavior during the Liberation. She extensively describes the ways in which sexuality and the American character were on display during these few months.
29
Groult and Groult,
Journal à quatre mains,
468.
30
Ibid., 18–19.
31
Ibid., 469.
32
Auroy,
Jours de guerre,
344.
33
Groult and Groult,
Journal à quatre mains,
479.
34
Cited by Seymour I. Toll in “Liebling Covers Paris, Hemingway Liberates It,”
Sewanee Review
112, no. 1 (2004): 49.
35
Michèle Cointet and Jean-Paul Cointet,
Paris 40–44
(Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin, 2001), 269.
36
Instructions for American Servicemen,
24.
37
H. R. Kedward and Nancy Wood, eds.,
The Liberation of France: Image and Event
(Oxford: Berg, 1995), 4.
38
Gertrude Stein,
Wars I Have Seen
(London: Brilliance Books, 1984), 237.
1
Jacques Spitz and Clément Pieyre,
La Situation culturelle en France pendant l’Occupation et depuis la Libération: Notes rédigées en 1945 pour la Section historique de l’Armée américaine
(Nantes: Joseph K., 2010), 72.
2
Patrick Buisson,
1940–1945, Années érotiques,
vol. 2,
De la grande prostituée à la revanche des mâles
(Paris: Librairie générale française, 2011), 337.
3
Albert Ouzoulias,
Les Bataillons de la jeunesse
(Paris: Éditions sociales, 1967), 443.
4
Ibid., 443–44.
5
Corran Laurens, “ ‘La femme au turban:’ Les femmes tondues,” in H. R. Kedward and Nancy Wood, eds.,
The Liberation of France: Image and Event
(Oxford: Berg, 1995), 176–77.
6
The title of a book by Richard D. E. Burton that details the history of violent revolts in Paris since the Middle Ages.
7
See especially Jean-Marc Berlière and Franck Liaigre,
Ainsi finissent les salauds: Séquestrations et exécutions clandestines dans Paris libéré
(Paris: Robert Laffont, 2012).
8
Marcel Jouhandeau,
Journal sous l’Occupation,
suivi de
La Courbe de nos angoisses
(Paris: Gallimard, 1980), 348.
9
Janet Flanner,
Paris Journal,
ed. William Shawn (New York: Atheneum, 1965), 25.
10
Duras,
The War,
8.
11
Ibid., 32–33.
12
Ibid., 53–54.
13
Ibid., 8, 23.
1
Marguerite Duras,
The War: A Memoir,
trans. Barbara Bray (New York: The New Press, 1986), 47. Published in 1985 in France as
La Douleur.
2
Olivier Wieviorka,
Divided Memory: French Recollections of World War II from the Liberation to the Present,
trans. George Holoch (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012), 15. This is an excellent résumé of the adroit and clumsy attempts at reremembering made by politicians.
3
André Malraux,
Entre ici, Jean Moulin: Discours d’André Malraux, Ministre d’État chargé des affaires culturelles, lors du transfert des cendres de Jean Moulin au Panthéon, 19 décembre 1964
(Paris: Éditions Points, 2010), 12, 16.
4
Cited in Wieviorka,
Divided Memory,
106.
5
Jacques Chirac,
Discours et messages de Jacques Chirac: en hommage aux Juifs de France victimes de la collaboration de l’État français de Vichy avec l’occupant allemand
(Paris: Fils et filles des déportés juifs de France, 1998), 7, 8.
6
Ibid., 21.
7
Ibid., 25.
8
François Hollande, “The ‘Crime Committed in France, by France,’ ”
The New York Review of Books
59, no. 14 (September 27, 2012), 40.
9
Cited in Jean-Marc Berlière et Franck Liagre,
L’Affaire Guy Môquet: Enquête sur une mystification officielle
(Paris: Larousse, 2009), 11.
10
Cited in Scott Sayare, “At New Holocaust Center, French Leader Confronts Past,”
New York Times,
September 22, 2012, A8.
11
Jean-Paul Sartre,
The Aftermath of War (Situations III),
trans. Chris Turner (London: Seagull Books, 2008), 22.
12
Ibid., 21.
13
Ibid., 20.
14
Christophe Girard, cited in
Le Monde,
April 25, 2008.
15
Pierre Assouline, cited in
Le Monde,
July 4, 2008.
16
The term comes from Kevin Lynch,
The Image of the City
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1960), 119.
17
Italo Calvino,
Invisible Cities
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974), 10–11.
18
Ibid., 67.
Any bibliography about the Occupation of France, or just the Occupation of Paris, must be perforce selective. The plethora of works—fiction, nonfiction, film, photography, catalogs, manuscripts, oral reminiscences, all in a half dozen major languages—can cause any writer initial despair. And they keep coming. The subject remains fascinating to successive generations, from those who lived through it to those just opening the record on this massive history.
The list below represents the works that are in my notes as well as those that informed much of the structure and content of the book. They themselves have extensive bibliographies that can send interested readers further afield. A Pulitzer Prize–winning biographer told me: “Just list the works you consulted at least twice.” Even then, I had to cull in order to ensure that the list would not be longer than the book itself.
In the end, this bibliography represents the wide range of observations about the twentieth century’s most calamitous period and can serve as a guide to both the curious and the learned reader.
Every effort has been made to identify sources of quotations and anecdotes. Where information is inadvertently missing or incorrect, I would appreciate being so informed. Corrections will be made in future editions.
Archives nationales, Paris
Archives de la Préfecture de police, Paris
Bibliothèque Fondation de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, Paris
Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris
Bibliothèque de l’Hôtel de ville de Paris
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
British Library, London
Centre de documentation juive contemporaine, Paris
Cinémathèque française, Paris
Imperial War Museum, London
Mount Holyoke College Library, South Hadley, MA
Musée de l’Armée, Paris
Musée du Général Leclerc de Hauteclocque et de la Libération de Paris/Musée Jean Moulin, Paris
Museé de la Résistance nationale et de la Déportation, Champigny-sur-Marne, France
New York Public Library, New York, NY
Robert Frost Library, Amherst College, Amherst, MA
Smith College Library, Northampton, MA
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC
W. E. B. Du Bois Library, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Widener Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Abrami, Léon.
A l’Ombre de l’étoile: Souvenirs d’un enfant caché.
Paris: Harmattan, 2010.
Achard, Paul.
La Queue: Ce qui s’y disait, ce qu’on y pensait.
Paris: Mille et une nuits, 2011.
Ackerman, Diane.
The Zookeeper’s Wife: A War Story.
New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
Adler, Jacques.
The Jews of Paris and the Final Solution: Communal Response and Internal Conflicts, 1940–1944.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Aglan, Alya.
Le Temps de la Résistance.
Arles: Actes sud, 2008.
Alary, Eric.
Les Français au quotidien: 1939–1949.
Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin, 2009.
Ambrière, Francis, and Jacques Meyer.
Vie et mort des Français, 1939–1945.
Paris: Hachette, 1971.
Amouroux, Henri.
La Vie des Français sous l’Occupation.
Paris: A. Fayard, 1961.
Arendt, Hannah.
Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil.
New York: Viking Press, 1963.
Atack, Margaret.
Literature and the French Resistance: Cultural Politics and Narrative Forms, 1940–1950.
Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1989.
______. “Secrets and Lies: Representing Everyday Life under the Occupation.” Paper presented at the Society for French Studies Conference, University of Birmingham (UK), July 2–4. 2007. Abstract at http://www.frame.leeds.ac.uk/conferences.html.
______. “Sins, Crimes and Guilty Passions in France’s Stories of War and Occupation.”
Journal of War and Culture Studies
1, no. 1 (2007): 79–90.
Atack, Margaret, and Christopher Lloyd.
Framing Narratives of the Second World War and Occupation in France, 1939–2009.
Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2012.
Aubrac, Lucie.
La Résistance expliquée à mes petits-enfants.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2000.
Audiat, Pierre.
Paris pendant la guerre, 1940–1945.
Paris: Hachette, 1946.
Augé, Marc.
In the Metro.
Trans. Tom Conley. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
Auroy, Berthe.
Jours de guerre: Ma vie sous l’Occupation.
Montrouge, France: Bayard, 2008.
Azéma, Jean-Pierre.
1940: L’Année noire.
Paris: Fayard, 2010.
______. “Les Débuts de la résistance dans la France occupée.” In Wolfgang Drost et al., eds.,
Paris sous l’Occupation (Paris unter deutscher Besatzung)
. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1995.
______.
L’Occupation expliquée à mon petit-fils
. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2012.
______. “Préface,” in Barronet, Jean, ed.
Les Parisiens Sous l’Occupation: Photographies en couleur d’ André Zucca.
Paris: Gallimard, 2008, 5–11.
Azéma, Jean-Pierre, and François Bédarida, eds.
La France des années noires.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1993.
Azoulay, Floriane, and Annette Wieviorka.
Le Pillage des appartements et son indemnisation.
Paris: La Documentation Française, Mission d’études sur la spoliation des Juifs de France, 2000.
Bachelard, Gaston.
The Poetics of Space.
Trans. Maria Jolas. Boston: Beacon Press, 1994.
Badia, Gilbert. “Vivre à Paris (1939–1944): Impressions d’un témoin.” In Wolfgang Drost et al., eds.,
Paris sous l’Occupation (Paris unter deutscher Besatzung)
. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1995.
Bandinelli, Ranuccio Bianchi.
Quelques jours avec Hitler et Mussolini
. Trans. Dominique Vittoz. Paris: Carnets Nord, 2011.
Banger, Hans, and Emmanuel Boudot-Lamotte.
Paris, Wanderung durch eine Stadt.
Paris: Verlag der Deutschen Arbeitsfront, 1942.
Bard, Mitchell Geoffrey.
48 Hours of Kristallnacht: Night of Destruction/Dawn of the Holocaust, An Oral History
. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2008.
Bargatzky, Walter.
Hotel Majestic: Ein Deutscher im besetzten Frankreich
. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1987.
Barronet, Jean, ed.
Les Parisiens sous l’Occupation: Photographies en couleurs d’André Zucca.
Paris: Gallimard, 2008.
Barrot, Olivier, and Raymond Chirat.
La Vie culturelle dans la France occupée
. Paris: Gallimard, 2009.
Barry, Mrs. M. T. Private Papers of Miss R. T. Barry, catalog number 17656, Imperial War Museum, London. Unpublished manuscript, n.d.
Bartov, Omer.
Hitler’s Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Basse, Pierre-Louis.
Guy Môquet: Une enfance fusillée
. Paris: Stock, 2000.
Baur, Hans.
Hitler at My Side
. Houston, TX: Eichler Publishing Corporation, 1986.
______.
Hitler’s Pilot
. Trans. Edward Fitzgerald. London: Frederick Muller Ltd., 1958.
Bayard, Pierre.
Aurais-je été résistant ou bourreau?
Paris: Minuit, 2013.
Bayliss, Mabel. Private papers of Miss M. Bayliss, catalog number 5527. Imperial War Museum, London, unpublished manuscript, n.d.
Beauvoir, Simone de.
Journal de guerre: Septembre 1939–janvier 1941
. Paris: Gallimard, 1990.
______.
Letters to Sartre.
Trans and ed. Quintin Hoare and Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1992.
______.
The Prime of Life: The Autobiography of Simone de Beauvoir.
New York: Paragon House, 1992.
______.
Wartime Diary
. Ed. Margaret A. Simons and Sylvie Le Bon de Beauvoir. Trans. Anne Deing Cordero. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
Beevor, Antony.
D-Day: The Battle for Normandy
. New York: Viking, 2009.
______.
The Fall of Berlin, 1945.
New York: Viking, 2002.
______.
The Second World War
. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 2012.
Beevor, Antony, and Artemis Cooper.
Paris After the Liberation, 1944–1949.
New York: Doubleday, 1994.
Beisel, David R. “Paris, 1940: A Traumatized City and Postwar Political Reliving.” Paper presented at the thirty-first annual meeting of The International Society of Political Psychology, Paris, June 9, 2008. Abstract at http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/4/6/1/9/p246199_index.html?phpsessid=888aa3ed5c6187d23092db5e8bf4682c.
Bensimon, Doris, and Sergio Dellapergola.
La Population juive de France: Socio-démographie et identité
. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1986.
Benvenisti, Eyal.
The International Law of Occupation.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Berlière, Jean-Marc, and Laurent Chabrun.
Les Policiers français sous l’Occupation: D’après les archives inédites de l’épuration.
Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin, 2001.
Berlière, Jean-Marc, and François Le Goarant de Tromelin.
Liaisons dangereuses: Miliciens, truands, résistants: Paris, 1944
. Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin, 2013.
Berlière, Jean-Marc, and Franck Liaigre.
Ainsi finissent les salauds: Séquestrations et exécutions clandestines dans Paris libéré.
Paris: Robert Laffont, 2012.
______.
L’Affaire Guy Môquet: Enquête sur une mystification officielle
. Paris: Larousse, 2009.
______.
Le Sang des communistes: Les Bataillons de la Jeunesse dans la lutte armée, automne 1941
. Paris: Fayard, 2004.
Bernard, Jean-Pierre Arthur.
Le Goût de Paris
. Vol. 2,
L’Espace
. Paris: Mercure de France, 2004.
Berr, Hélène.
Journal: 1942–1944.
Paris: Tallandier, 2008.
______.
The Journal of Hélène Berr.
Trans. David Bellos. New York: Weinstein Books, 2008.
Bertin, Célia.
Femmes sous l’Occupation
. Paris: Stock, 1993.
Bertin-Maghit, Jean-Pierre.
Le Cinéma sous l’Occupation: Le Monde du cinéma français de 1940 à 1946
. Paris: Librairie Académique Perrin, 2002.
Betz, Albrecht, Stefan Martens, and Hans Manfred Bock.
Les Intellectuels et l’Occupation, 1940–1944: Collaborer, partir, résister.
Paris: Autrement, 2004.
Biélinky, Jacques.
Journal, 1940–1942: Un journaliste juif à Paris sous l’Occupation
. Paris: Cerf, 1992.
Blanc, Brigitte, Henry Rousso, and Chantal de Tourtier-Bonazzi.
La Seconde guerre mondiale: Guide des sources conservées en France, 1939–1945.
Paris: Archives nationales, 1994.
Bloch, Marc.
L’Étrange défaite: Témoignage écrit en 1940
, suivi de
Écrits clandestins 1942–1944.
Paris: Armand Colin, 1957.
Boal, David.
Journaux intimes sous l’Occupation.
Paris: Armand Colin, 1993.
Boissel, Xavier, and Didier Vivien.
Paris est un leurre (La véritable histoire du faux Paris)
. Paris: Inculte, 2012.
Bollnow, Otto Friedrich.
Human Space.
London: Hyphen, 2011.
Bood, Micheline.
Les Années doubles: Journal d’une lycéenne sous l’Occupation.
Paris: Robert Laffont, 1974.
Borgé, Jacques, and Nicolas Viasnoff.
Les Véhicules de l’Occupation.
Paris: Balland, 1975.
Bourderon, Roger. “Le Régime de Vichy était-il fasciste? Essai d’approche de la question.”
Revue d’histoire de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale
23, no. 91 (July 1973): 23–45.
Bourget, Pierre.
Histoires secrètes de l’Occupation de Paris (1940–1944).
Vol. 1,
Le Joug.
Paris: Hachette, 1970.
Bourget, Pierre, and Charles Lacretelle.
Sur les murs de Paris, 1940–1944.
Paris: Hachette, 1959.
Braithwaite, Rodric.
Moscow 1941: A City and Its People at War.
New York: Knopf, 2006.
Brassaï.
Conversations with Picasso
. Trans. Jane Marie Todd. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Breker, Arno.
Paris, Hitler et moi
. Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1970.
Bretos, Lydia, ed. “Vivre en France sous l’Occupation.”
Textes et Documents pour la Classe (TDC)
852 (March 15, 2003). Paris: SCÉRÉN-CNDP, 2003.
Buchheim, Lothar-Günther.
Mein Paris: Eine Stadt vor dreißig Jahren.
Munich: Piper, 1977.
Buisson, Patrick.
1940–1945, Années érotiques
. Vol. 1,
Vichy, ou Les infortunes de la vertu.
Paris: Librairie générale française, 2011.
______.
1940–1945, Années érotiques
. Vol. 2,
De la grande prostituée à la revanche des mâles.
Paris: Librairie générale française, 2011.
Bullivant, Keith, ed.
Culture and Society in the Weimar Republic.
Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1977.
Burrin, Philippe.
La France à l’heure allemande: 1940–1944.
Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1995.
______. “Writing the History of Military Occupations.” In Sarah Fishman, ed.,
France at War: Vichy and the Historians
. Oxford: Berg, 2000.
Burton, Richard D. E.
Blood in the City: Violence and Revelation in Paris, 1789–1945
. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
Buruma, Ian. “Occupied Paris: The Sweet and the Cruel.”
New York Review of Books
56, no. 20 (December 17, 2009): 26–30.
______. “Une Belle opération de séduction.”
Books: L’Actualité par les livres du monde
23 (June 2011): 25–33.
______.
Year Zero: A History of 1945.
New York: Penguin Press, 2013.
Cabanes, Bruno, and Guillaume Piketty, eds.
Retour à l’intime au sortir de la guerre.
Paris: Tallandier, 2009.
Calvino, Italo.
Invisible Cities.
New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974.
Camus, Albert.
Lettres à un ami allemand
. Paris: Gallimard, 1991.
______.
Notebooks, 1935–1942.
Trans. and ed. Philip Thody. New York: Modern Library, 1965.
______.
Notebooks, 1942–1951
. Trans. and ed. Justin O’Brien. New York: Knopf, 1965.
Capuano, Christophe. “Le Régime de Vichy: Un fascisme à la française?” Paper presented at the Plan Académique de Formation, Académie de Bourgogne, November 18–19, 2004.
Carco, Francis. Preface to Colette’s
Oeuvres
, vol. 4. Paris: Gallimard, 2004.
Carell, Paul.
Ils arrivent! Le Débarquement vécu du côté allemand
. Paris: Tallandier, 2011.
Carr, Godfrey. “ ‘A Sudden and Passionate Revulsion Towards Germany’: Friedrich Sieburg’s Concept of Political Thought.” In Keith Bullivant, ed.,
Culture and Society in the Weimar Republic.
Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1977.
Caspary, Gerard Ernest. “From the Edge of the Holocaust: Letters from My Mother and Grandmother.” Unpublished typescript.
Certeau, Michel de.
The Practice of Everyday Life.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Chambon, Albert.
Quand la France était occupée—1940–1945: Fin des mythes, légendes et tabous.
Paris: Éditions France-Empire, 1987.
Chambrun, Clara Longworth.
Sans jeter l’ancre (1873–1948).
Paris: Plon, 1953.
______.
Shadows Lengthen: The Story of My Life.
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949.
Chirac, Jacques.
Discours et messages de Jacques Chirac: En hommage aux Juifs de France victimes de la collaboration de l’État français de Vichy avec l’occupant allemand.
Paris, Fils et filles des déportés juifs de France, 1998.
Choltitz, Dietrich von.
De Sébastopol à Paris: Un soldat parmi des soldats.
Paris: Aubanel, 1964.
Christophe, Francine.
Une Pétite fille privilégiée: Une enfant dans le monde des camps 1942–1945.
Paris: Éditions L’Harmattan, 1996.
Cloonan, William J.
The Writing of War: French and German Fiction and World War II
. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.