Where the Conflict Really Lies: Science, Religion, and Naturalism (46 page)

Intelligent design, 52–53, 55, 67, 170–171, 193–194, 225, 227–236, 257–264

Intentionality/aboutness, 35

Internal Witness of the Holy Spirit.
See
Holy Spirit

Intervention. 69, 71–72, 74–75, 79–83, 96–121.
See also
special divine action

alleged problems with, 71–73, 74–75, 97–108

defining, 79–83, 96–97, 108–112, 118–119

Introspection, 312

Jammer, Max, 276n

Jesus seminar, 61

Johnson, Luke Timothy, 157

Johnson, Phillip, 7

Jones, John, 171

Kaufman, Gordon, 70n

Kim, Jaegwon, 67n

Kitcher, Philip, 31, 50n, 55–63

Kant, Immanuel, 88n, 154, 288, 311

Kepler, Johannes, 277

Knowledge, xiv, 4, 5, 30, 44, 46, 48–49, 141n, 166–167, 177–181, 240–244, 267, 270, 295–296, 301–302, 311, 312, 313, 339n

Kronecker, Leopold, 210

Langford, Jerome, 6n

Laplace, Pierre, 84–90, 91, 93, 105, 109

Laplacean demon, 84–87, 93

Laplacean picture, 84–90, 91, 93, 105.
See also
causal closure; determinism

Larson, E.J., 74n

Laws of nature, xiii, 38–39, 70–71, 74–75, 76–83, 85–90, 93, 94–96, 98–114, 118–119, 130n, 217, 273–274, 274–283, 292–293, 297–298, 299, 301–302, 324, 339

conservation.
See
conservation laws

contingency of, 217, 278–281, 299, 301–302

finite inviolability of, 280–281

Humean conception of, 83n, 88

Lewisian conception of, 88–89

necessity of, 274–282, 324

relation to causal closure, xii, 78–82, 85, 89–90, 94, 108–109

suspension of, 70–71, 74–75, 79–80, 82–83, 94–96, 98–108, 108–114, 118–119, 281–282

Leibniz, Gott fried, 77n, 107, 284, 297, 298

Lent, Craig, 95

Leslie, John, 196n, 219n

Levenson, Jon, 155

Lewis, C.S., 8, 59, 310

Lewis, David, 83n, 88, 213, 278n, 279

Lewis, Peter, 115n

Lewontin, Richard, 131n

Library of Life, 16, 39

Liddel, Eric, 135

Locke, John, 17, 32, 37–38, 47–48

Luskin, Casey, 54n

Luther, Martin, 8, 86, 154

Mackie, John (J.L.), xi, 79, 80n, 82, 102, 118

Macquarrie, John, 71, 90, 96, 158n

Malebranche, Nicolas, 107

Manson, Neil, 215, 216

Materialism, xiv, 29–30, 67n, 119n, 120n, 318, 320, 321n, 322, 322–325, 326–327, 329–331, 333–335, 335–337, 339

nonreductive, 322–325, 326–327, 329–333, 335

reductive, 322–325, 326, 333–335

Mathematics, 48, 133, 172, 178, 211, 270, 284–291, 301, 312, 326

accessibility of, 286–287

nature of, 287–290

knowledge of, 48, 178, 270, 301, 326

unreasonable efficacy of, 284–286, 287–290

Mavrodes, George, 42

Maudlin, Timothy, 92

Mayr, Ernst, 11, 277

McGrew, Lydia, 179n, 205–208, 210–211

McGrew, Timothy, 179n, 205–208, 210–211

McMullin, Ernan, 105–106, 113, 170

Meier, John, 159, 160

Methodological naturalism (MN).
See
naturalism, methodological

Mind, 14, 27–28, 31–32, 35, 37–40, 43, 60, 67n, 84, 132, 137, 139, 141, 151, 241–243, 245, 246, 248, 277, 288, 290, 298, 316, 318–319, 348n.
See also
dualism; materialism

explanations of, 28

Locke’s argument regarding the, 17, 32, 37–38.
See also
Darwin’s doubt

other minds, 43, 60, 141, 240–243, 245, 248

Miller, Kenneth, 52–53

Miller’s Principle, 332

Memory, 44–46, 48–49, 144, 149, 176–180, 189, 270, 302, 311–313

Mental content, 323, 348n.
See also
belief content; properties, mental

Merricks, Trenton, 343n

Miracles, xii–xiii, 3, 68, 71–72, 75, 78–79, 82, 83, 90, 94–96, 100, 104–106, 113, 118, 122, 137, 158, 160, 163, 169, 173, 174–175, 265

alleged conflict with science, xii–xiii, 3, 75, 90, 91, 94–96, 104–105, 112–113, 118, 121–125, 173, 174–178, 265

relation to causal closure, xiii, 71–72, 78–79, 79–82, 82–83

relation to quantum mechanics, 94–96, 112–113, 118

Mirandola, Pico della, 6n

Mither, Steven, 132

Mivart, St. George, 40n, 227

Monokroussos, Dennis, 26

Monton, Bradley, 95–96, 115n, 119n, 219n, 223n

Moral argument, 42

Moral law(s), 83n, 273, 276

Moral sense, 11, 32, 51, 178, 312

Mother Teresa, 41, 135–136, 186–188

Mouse, Mickey, 139

Multiverse, 212, 215–217

Music, 35, 132–133, 287

Mullen, John, 237n

Murphy, Nancey, 97, 114n

Murray, Michael,
xv
, 6, 56, 107

Nagel, Thomas,
xi
, 17n, 315, 316

Naturalism (N), ix–xiv, 24, 36, 50, 53–54, 56, 122, 168–174, 174–178, 181, 189, 263, 265, 282–283, 285, 288, 290, 298–299, 303, 307–311, 314–320, 322–326, 329, 333–335, 339n, 340, 346–350

as a quasi-religion, ix–x, xiv, 311, 350

methodological (MN), xiii, 168–174, 175, 177–178, 181, 189–190

metaphysical (ontological), 169, 316

relation to science, ix–xiv, 50–52, 122, 170–174, 174–178, 181, 189, 265, 299, 303, 349–350
See also
evolutionary argument against naturalism; Simonian science

Naturalistic origins thesis, 9

Natural selection, 9, 11–12, 13–19, 21, 23–24, 31–32, 34–40, 55, 63, 129, 131, 135, 139–140, 144, 147–148, 181, 227, 232, 234, 253–254, 258, 271, 286, 307n, 313, 315–316, 319, 330, 348

guided, 17, 27, 34, 39, 253, 308

unguided, 14, 17–19, 31–32, 38, 39, 40–41, 63, 232, 234, 307n, 308

Necessity, 100, 278–280, 283, 302, 324n

logical (broadly), 279, 324n

nomological/causal, 100, 278–280, 283, 302n, 324n

Necessary being, 30, 66, 222–223, 300

New Atheism, x–xi, 45n.
See also
four horsemen of atheism

Newton, Isaac, xi, 76, 78, 164, 193, 194, 266, 275, 284

Newtonian picture, 76–77, 79, 82, 84–85, 89–90, 91, 98n

Neural structure, 320, 324–325, 328, 330–331, 333n, 336

Neurophysiological properties (NP), 321–325, 327, 330–331, 334, 336–339

Nietzsche, Friederich, 314, 316

Noetic structure, 144, 184n, 260–262

Noncontingent, 50–51, 82, 338.
See also
necessity

Normalizability, 207–209, 256

Numbers, 29, 250, 288, 290–291, 301n

Observational selection effect, 200

Ockham, William of, 273–274, 302n

Organized complexity, 26–27

Orr, H.Allen, 17n, 75

Otte, Richard, 347n, 348n

Pairing problem, 67n, 119

Paley, William, 237–240, 244–248, 251–254, 256–257, 262

Papineau, David, 85n

Parsons, Charles, 289n

Peacocke, Arthur, 85n, 97, 98n, 104

Perception, 44, 45–49, 140–141, 144, 149, 156, 178, 179, 237, 243, 245–246, 249n, 258, 270–271, 302, 311–313

Perceptual beliefs, 140–141, 242–243

Persinger, Michael, 140n

Philosophical/ontological naturalism.
See
naturalism, metaphysical

Pieper, Josef, 273n

Pinker, Steven, 132, 137

Plato, 89, 236, 288, 319

Platonism, 288

Polkinghorne, John, 97, 114–115, 196n, 197

Pollard, William, 114

Positive epistemic status, 120, 244, 249–250

Possible world(s), 20, 29–30, 35, 39, 58–59, 66, 82, 210, 212–213, 216, 217, 222, 295, 300–301, 324

Possibility, 20, 25, 38–39, 40, 83n, 102, 214, 218, 231, 254

biological, 20, 25, 38–39

(broadly) logical, 20, 40, 254

epistemic, 25, 218

Predictability, 67, 85, 102–103, 117, 120, 271–273, 274, 282

Preservation, 11, 21, 39n, 56, 72, 110, 116, 308

Principle of indifference, 332

Probability, 20, 28–30, 50, 93, 103, 151, 168, 173, 197n, 198, 202, 206–211, 213–218, 219–224, 231–232, 235–236, 314, 317, 330–333, 333–335, 342–343, 349

antecedent/prior, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 240

conditional, 210, 317

epistemic, 29, 223, 332

initial, 168, 173.
See also
evidence base

logical, 29, 210

objective, 29, 30, 332

of cognitive reliability, given naturalism and evolution.
See
evolutionary argument against naturalism

probability measure, 207–208

statistical, 29

subjective, 332

Problem of evil, 50n, 56–58, 61, 10.
See also
suffering

Problem of old evidence, the, 219n

Progress thesis, 9, 11, 55

Proper function, 135, 148, 150–151, 166, 178, 257, 260, 295, 313, 347

Properly basic belief(s), 341

Properties, 56–57, 58–59, 66, 141n, 145, 201, 209, 215–216, 217–218, 241, 244, 249n, 288, 289, 292, 294, 300, 320n, 321–325, 327, 330–331, 332, 333, 334, 336–339

essential.
See
essential properties of God, 66, 300

mental, 241, 320n, 321–325, 327, 333, 339

neurophysical (NP).
See
Neurophysical properties

physical 320n, 322, 324, 333

reduction of mental, 321–325, 333

Providence, 65, 106, 114n, 272

Providentialist religion, 55–56

Pruss, Alex, 15n

Ptolemy, 185

Ptolemaic theory, 7

Quantum mechanics (QM),
xii
, 16n, 53, 90, 91, 92–97, 110–111, 113–121, 122, 130, 143–144, 286, 301, 308

Randomness of genetic mutation, 11–12

Ratzsch, Del, 237n, 245n, 246n, 301n

Reason, xi, 6, 42–48, 54, 144, 155–156, 178–180, 229n, 293, 295–196

deliverances of, 47n, 48, 144, 156, 179–180

in relation to faith.
See
faith, in relation to reason

sources of knowledge in addition to, 46–47, 49, 178, 267

Rationality defeater(s), 166–167, 340n

Rea, Michael, 348n

Reduction test, the, 186–188