Women in Dark Times (41 page)

Notes

Introduction

 
    
1
    Rosa Luxemburg,
Herzlichst Ihre Rosa: Ausgewählte Briefe
(Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1989), ed. Annelies Laschitza and Georg Adler, foreword by Annelies Laschitza, p. 5; see also Colin F. Richmond, ‘The Origins of Merz’,
Common Knowledge
, 2:3, Winter 1993. My sincere thanks to Colin Richmond for alerting me to this unknown side of Luxemburg.

 
    
2
    Rosa Luxemburg to Leo Jogiches, 24 June 1898,
The Letters of Rosa Luxemburg
,
ed. Georg Adler, Peter Hudis and Annelies Laschitza (London: Verso, 2011) (hereafter
Letters
), p. 68.

 
    
3
    Luxemburg to Jogiches, 19 April 1899,
Comrade and Lover: Rosa Luxemburg’s Letters to Leo Jogiches
, ed. and trans. El
ż
bieta Ettinger (London: Pluto, 1979), pp. 76–7.

 
    
4
    Hannah Arendt,
The Origins of Totalitarianism
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979), p. 473.

 
    
5
    Ibid.

 
    
6
    Kira Cochrane, ‘How to win your fights, suffragette style’,
Guardian
, 30 May 2013.

 
    
7
    Mary Beard, ‘The Public Voice of Women’, London Review of Books Winter Lecture, British Museum, 14 February 2014,
London Review of Books
, 36:6, 20 March 2014.

 
    
8
    Raya Dunayevskaya,
Rosa Luxemburg, Women’s Liberation and Marx’s Philosophy of Revolution
,
foreword by Adrienne Rich
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), p. 27; see also August Bebel to Bruno Schönlank, 3 November 1898, cited in Peter Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 104.

 
    
9
    Jogiches, October 1905, cited in Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 213.

 
  
10
    
The Rosa Luxemburg Reader
(hereafter
Reader
,
references to this volume shall be given where available), ed. Peter Hudis and Kevin B. Anderson (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004), p. 316.

 
  
11
    Joseph Goebbels,
Die verfluchten Hakenkreuzler
(Munich: Verlag, Frz. Eher Nachf., 1932), pp. 15–16, cited in El
ż
bieta Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg – A Life
(London: Pandora, 1995),
p. 231.

 
  
12
    For an excellent overview of critical commentaries on Salomon’s work, see
Reading Charlotte Salomon
, ed. Michael P. Steinberg and Monica Bohm-Duchen (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006).

 
  
13
    Charlotte Salomon,
Life? or Theatre?
, trans. Leila Vennewitz (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1998), p. 62 (I have used the page numbers of this edition, which are numbered 41–824). For the complete set of gouaches and versos see http://www.jhm.nl/collection/themes/charlotte-salomon/leben-oder-theater. References to items in this collection not included in the published text will be given as JHM (Jewish Historical Museum, Amsterdam) with the number of the gouache.

 
  
14
    Ibid.

 
  
15
    
Reader
, p. 313.

 
  
16
    Salomon,
Life? or Theatre?
, p. 753; see also Darcy Buerkle,
Nothing Happened: Charlotte Salomon and An Archive of Suicide
, Michigan Studies in Comparative Jewish Studies (Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2013).

 
  
17
    Cited in Mary Lowenthal Felstiner,
To Paint Her Life: Charlotte Salomon in the Nazi Era
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), p. 219.

 
  
18
    Ibid.,
p. 276.

 
  
19
    Alfred Wolfsohn, ‘Die Brücke’, cited in Felstiner,
To Paint Her Life
,
p. 60.

 
  
20
    Lizzy Davies, ‘First SlutWalk, now feminist summer school’,
Guardian
, 15 August 2011.

 
  
21
    Felstiner,
To Paint Her Life
, p. 208.

 
  
22
    Margaret Atwood, ‘Romney gets short end of the stick’,
Guardian
, 10 November 2012.

 
  
23
    Tony Judt,
Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945
(London: Pimlico, 2007), p. 231.

 
  
24
    Laura Mulvey,
Fetishism and Curiosity
(London: British Film Institute, 1996), pp. 47–8.

 
  
25
    Ibid., p. 49.

 
  
26
    Judt,
Postwar
, p. 221.

 
  
27
    Richard Meryman, ‘A Last Long Talk with a Lonely Girl’,
Life
, 17 August 1962 – this is Meryman’s account of the
Life
interview published 3 August 1962 (all other references to this interview: ‘Fame May Go By’, in Wagenknecht).

 
  
28
    Gloria Steinem,
Marilyn
(London: Penguin, 1987), p. 79.

 
  
29
    Norman Rosten,
Marilyn – A Very Personal Story
(London: Millington, 1974), pp. 67–9.

 
  
30
    Marilyn Monroe,
Fragments: Poems, Intimate Notes, Letters by Marilyn Monroe
(hereafter
Fragments
), ed. Stanley Buchthal and Bernard Comment
(London: HarperCollins, 2010), p. 223.

 
  
31
    Steinem,
Marilyn
, p. 99.

 
  
32
    Marilyn Monroe to Lester Markel, 29 March 1960, cited in Lois Banner,
MM: Personal, from the private archive of Marilyn Monroe
(New York: Abrams, 2012), p. 182, emphasis original.

 
  
33
    Rosa Luxemburg, ‘The Russian Revolution’, in
The Russian Revolution and Leninism or Marxism?
(Michigan: Ann Arbor, 1961), p. 62; see also
Reader
, p. 302.

 
  
34
    Lawrence Schiller, ‘A Splash of Marilyn’,
Vanity Fair
, No. 622, June 2012, p. 102.

 
  
35
    Ibid.

 
  
36
    Eve Arnold,
Marilyn Monroe – An Appreciation
(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1987), p. 137.

 
  
37
    Ibid., p. 25.

 
  
38
    Ibid., p. 28.

 
  
39
    Ibid.

 
  
40
    Rosa Luxemburg, ‘Organisational Questions of Russian Social Democracy’, 1904,
Marxism in Russia
, ed. Neil Harding, with translations by Richard Taylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 302; see also Reader, p. 256.

 
  
41
    
Fragments
, p. 101.

 
  
42
    Banner,
MM – Personal
,
p. 59.

 
  
43
    Luxemburg to Luise Kautsky,
Letters
, p. 177.

 
  
44
    Judt,
Postwar
, p. 9.

 
  
45
    
Fragments
, p. 79.

 
  
46
    Angela Carter,
Angela Carter’s Book of Wayward Girls and Wicked Women
(London: Virago, 1986, 2010), p. viii.

 
  
47
    Luxemburg to Kostya Zetkin,
Letters
, p. 240.

 
  
48
    Ibid.

 
  
49
    Christopher Bollas, ‘The Trauma of Incest’,
Forces of Destiny: Psychoanalysis and Human Idiom
(London: Free Association, 1989).

 
  
50
    Salomon,
Life? or Theatre?
,
p. 803.

 
  
51
    See Giorgio Agamben,
Homo Sacer – Sovereign Power and Bare Life
, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).

 
  
52
    Felstiner,
To Paint Her Life
, p. 118.

 
  
53
    Ibid.

 
  
54
    Louis Aragon, in Adam Rutkowski, ‘Le camp d’internement de Gurs’,
Le Monde Juif
,
101, January–March 1981, cited in Felstiner,
To Paint Her Life
,
p. 119.

 
  
55
    Hanna Schram and Barbara Vormeier,
Vivre à Gurs. Un camp de concentration français
(Paris: Maspero, 1979), and Yolla Niclas-Sachs, ‘Looking Back from New Horizons’, (New York: Leo Baeck Institute Archive, June 1941), cited in Felstiner,
To Paint Her Life
, p. 120.

 
  
56
    Judt,
Postwar
,
p. 9.

 
  
57
    Cited in Fadia Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide in defence of honour: the case of Jordan’,
Third World Quarterly
, 22, 1, 2001, p. 76.

 
  
58
    Ayse Onal,
Honour Killing: Stories of Men Who Killed
(London: Saqi, 2008), p. 122.

 
  
59
    Unni Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime: Murder and Shame
, trans. Anna Paterson
(Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2008), p. 230.

 
  
60
    Rana Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour: The True Story of One Woman’s Fight Against an Unbelievable Crime
(Oxford: Oneworld, 2009), p. 160.

 
  
61
    Esther Shalev-Gerz,
Les portraits des histoires: Aubervilliers
(Aubervilliers: Ecole nationale supérieure des beaux arts, 2000), pp. 30, 40.

 
  
62
    Yael Bartana,
Mary Koszmary (Nightmares)
, first of film trilogy 
. . . And Europe Will Be Stunned
, opening address by Sławomir Sierakowski.

 
  
63
    Thérèse Oulton,
Territory
(London:
Marlborough Fine Arts Publications, 2010) (p. 5 – pages unnumbered).

 
  
64
    
Reader
, pp. 45, 56, 67.

 
  
65
    Ettinger citing Luxemburg, ‘The First Years 1893–1897’, Ettinger, ed.,
Comrade and Lover
, pp. 1–2.

 
  
66
    Rosa Luxemburg,
J’étais, je suis, je serai! Correspondance 1914–1919
, ed. Georges Haupt (Paris: Maspero, 1977), p. 306, cited in Ettinger,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. xiii.

 
  
67
    Alan Levy, ‘A Good Long Look at Myself’,
Redbook Magazine
, August 1962, in Edward Wagenknecht,
Marilyn Monroe – A Composite View
(London: Chilton, 1969), p. 25.

I: THE STARS

1. Woman on the Verge of Revolution: Rosa Luxemburg

 
    
1
    Nettl,
Rosa Luxemburg
, p. 37.

 
    
2
    Clara Zetkin, ‘Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht’,
Leipziger Volkszeitung
, 3 February 1919, in Clara Zetkin,
Selected Writings
, ed. Philip S. Foner, with a foreword by Angela Y. Davis (New York: New World, 1984), p. 150.