Women in Dark Times (47 page)

 
    
8
    Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, p. 70.

 
    
9
    James Brandon and Salam Hafez,
Crimes of the Community: Honour-Based Violence in the UK
(London: Centre for Social Cohesion, 2008), p. 57.

 
  
10
    Ibid., p. 6.

 
  
11
    Ibid., p. 43, my emphasis.

 
  
12
    Fadia Faqir,
My Name Is Salma
(London: Doubleday, 2007), p. 95.

 
  
13
    Brandon and Hafez,
Crimes of the Community
, p. 31.

 
  
14
    Ibid., p. 32.

 
  
15
    ‘Crimes of Violence and Honour: Equality, Human Rights and the “Honour Code”’, panel discussion with Aileen McColgan, Pragna Patel, Jacqueline Rose and Jasvinder Sanghera, chaired by Ulele Burnham, Doughty Street Chambers, 12 February 2012.

 
  
16
    Onal,
Honour Killing
, p. 195.

 
  
17
    Nadeem Aslam,
Maps for Lost Lovers
(London: Faber & Faber, 2004), pp. 176, 344.

 
  
18
    Jasvinder Sanghera,
Shame
(London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2007), pp. 7, 11.

 
  
19
    Ibid., p. 139.

 
  
20
    Shafilea Ahmed trial: Wednesday | Border–ITV News–ITV.com, www.itv.com/news/border/2012-05-23/shafilea-ahmed-trial-wednesday 23 May 2012.

 
  
21
    Aslam,
Maps for Lost Lovers
, p. 88.

 
  
22
    Sanghera,
Shame
, p. 201.

 
  
23
    Ibid., p. 213.

 
  
24
    Aslam,
Maps for Lost Lovers
, p. 115.

 
  
25
    ‘Honour killing guilty verdict: profile of the mother Hanim Goren’,
Daily Telegraph
, 17 December 2009.

 
  
26
    Faqir,
My Name Is Salma
, p. 81.

 
  
27
    Ibid., p. 239.

 
  
28
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 107.

 
  
29
    Ibid.

 
  
30
    Faqir,
My Name Is Salma
, p. 93.

 
  
31
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 163.

 
  
32
    Ibid., p. 230.

 
  
33
    Ibid., p. 165.

 
  
34
    Ibid., p. 45.

 
  
35
    Ibid., p. 230.

 
  
36
    Ibid., pp. 85–6.

 
  
37
    Onal,
Honour Killing
, p. 164.

 
  
38
    Brandon and Hafez,
Crimes of the Community
, p. 6.

 
  
39
    Lama Abu-Odeh, ‘Crimes of Honour and the Construction of Gender in Arab Societies’, in
Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives
, ed. Mai Yamani (London: Ithaca Press, 1996), pp. 141–94 (p. 152).

 
  
40
    Gideon M. Kressel, ‘Sororicide/filiacide: homicide for family honour’,
Current Anthropology
, 22, 2, 1981, cited in Faqir,
My Name Is Salma
, p. 69.

 
  
41
    Abu-Odeh, ‘Crimes of Honour’, p. 153.

 
  
42
    Ibid., p. 150.

 
  
43
    Onal,
Honour Killing
, p. 122.

 
  
44
    
The Qur’an
, trans. M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 16:59, p. 169.

 
  
45
    Onal,
Honour Killing
, p. 182.

 
  
46
    Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour
, pp. 41–2.

 
  
47
    Onal,
Honour Killing
, p. 92.

 
  
48
    Ibid., p. 130.

 
  
49
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 228.

 
  
50
    Cited in Brandon and Hafez,
Crimes of the Community
, p. 118.

 
  
51
    Cited in Ghada Karmi, ‘Women, Islam, and Patriarchalism’, in Yamani,
Feminism and Islam
, p. 70.

 
  
52
    David Gilmore, ed.,
Honour and Shame and the Unity of the Mediterranean
(Arlington VA: American Anthropological Association, 1987), p. 3, cited in Abu-Odeh, ‘Crimes of Honour’, p. 154.

 
  
53
    Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour
, p. 153.

 
  
54
    Aslam,
Maps for Lost Lovers
, p. 342.

 
  
55
    Elif Shafak in conversation with Şebnem Şenyener, Upper Wimpole Literary Salon, 8 November 2012.

 
  
56
    Elif Shafak,
Honour
(London: Viking, 2012), p. 331.

 
  
57
    Ibid.

 
  
58
    Maggie Gee, discussion following Shafak in conversation with Şebnem Şenyener.

 
  
59
    Ibid.

 
  
60
    Shafak’s cover is also a bid for freedom. In a Turkish survey in July 2011, 84% of those questioned cited ‘homosexuals’ as those they would least like as neighbours. Homosexuality is rarely openly discussed and even less accepted – ‘even’, Shafak wrote in an article on homophobia in Turkey in 2012, ‘in the gargantuan, cosmopolitan city that is Istanbul’. Attitudes are improving, notably in the media – the occasion for her article was a lawyer issuing a public apology for a homophobic statement about a famous transsexual singer, Bulent Ersoy, the high court ordering a newspaper to pay a fine for slandering gays, and an award-winning indie movie about a gay man, a nightclub dancer who dresses as a woman, and who was gunned down by his own father for being homosexual (the film had just gone on general release). Shafak, ‘From homophobia to a moving apology in Turkey’,
Guardian
, 18 January 2012.

 
  
61
    William Shakespeare,
Much Ado about Nothing
(New York: New American Library, 1964), Act 3, scene ii, line 110.

 
  
62
    Ibid., 4, i, 122–6.

 
  
63
    Ibid., 4, i, 184–90.

 
  
64
    John Webster,
The Duchess of Malfi
(Oxford: Oxford’s World Classics, 1996), Act 2, scene v, lines 23–5, 33–6.

 
  
65
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 87.

 
  
66
    Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, p. 73.

 
  
67
    Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour
, pp. 36–7.

 
  
68
    Ibid., p. 40.

 
  
69
    Cited in Jane Connors, ‘United Nations Approaches to “Crimes of Honour”’, in Lynn Welchman and Sara Hossain,
‘Honour’: Crimes, Paradigms, and Violence Against Women
(London: Zed, 2005), p. 34.

 
  
70
    Purna Sen, ‘“Crimes of Honour”, value and meaning’, in Welchman and Hossain,
‘Honour’
, p. 57.

 
  
71
    
The Qur’an
, 24:33, p. 223.

 
  
72
    Ibid., 2:229, p. 26.

 
  
73
    Cited in Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour
, p. 148.

 
  
74
    Ibid., p. 10.

 
  
75
    Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, p. 74.

 
  
76
    Ibid.

 
  
77
    Leila Ahmed,
Women and Gender in Islam
(New Haven: Yale, 1992), p. 91.

 
  
78
    Karmi, ‘Women, Islam and Patriarchalism’, in Yamani,
Feminism and Islam
, p. 82.

 
  
79
    Faqir, ‘Intrafamily femicide’, pp. 74–5.

 
  
80
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 67.

 
  
81
    Ibid., pp. 124, 125, 134.

 
  
82
    ‘Shafilea Ahmed’s sister denies making up “wicked” murder evidence’,
Daily Telegraph
, 30 May 2012.

 
  
83
    Aslam,
Maps for Lost Lovers
, p. 137.

 
  
84
    Alison Dundes Renteln,
The Cultural Defense
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 15.

 
  
85
    Aslam,
Maps for Lost Lovers
, p. 348.

 
  
86
    Brandon and Hafez,
Crimes of the Community
, p. 117.

 
  
87
    Unni Wikan,
Generous Betrayal: Politics of Culture in New Europe
(Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2002), p. 5.

 
  
88
    Brandon and Hafez,
Crimes of the Community
, p. 142.

 
  
89
    Ibid., p. 92.

 
  
90
    Sanghera,
Shame
, p. 142.

 
  
91
    Ibid., p. 152.

 
  
92
    Brandon and Hafez,
Crimes of the Community
, p. 88.

 
  
93
    Ibid., p. 105.

 
  
94
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 44.

 
  
95
    Sunny Hundall, ‘The Left cannot remain silent over “honour killings”’,
New Statesman
, 4 August 2012.

 
  
96
    Radhika Coomaraswamy, ‘Preface: Violence against Women and “Crimes of Honour”’, in Welchman and Hossain, ‘
Honour
’ (London: Zed Books, 2005), p. xi.

 
  
97
    Das cited in Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 250.

 
  
98
    Ibid., p. 249.

 
  
99
    Katherine Pratt-Ewing,
Stolen Honor: Stigmatising Muslim Men in Berlin
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), p. 162.

 
100
    Wikan,
In Honor of Fadime
, p. 158.

 
101
    Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour
, p. xiv.

 
102
    Cited in Welchman and Hossain,
‘
Honour
’
, p. 12.

 
103
    Husseini,
Murder in the Name of Honour
, pp. 173–4.

 
104
    ‘“Honour” crimes bring nothing but shame’,
Daily Telegraph
, 4 February 2008.

 
105
    Ibid.

 
106
    Judith Butler,
Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable?
(London: Verso, 2009), p. 105.