Women, Resistance and Revolution (45 page)

20.
ibid., p. 280.

21.
Olive Schreiner,
Woman and Labour
, London, 1911, pp. 201–3.

22.
ibid.

23.
Quoted in Richard Drinnon,
Rebel in Paradise
, Chicago, 1961, p. 29.

24.
Emma Goldman,
Anarchism and Other Essays
, New York, 1910, p. 223.

25.
ibid., p. 220.

26.
ibid., p. 225.

27.
ibid., p. 227.

28.
ibid., p. 217.

29.
See for example Alexandra Kollontai,
Women Workers’ Struggle for their Rights
, translated by Celia Britton, The Falling Wall Press, Bristol, 1971.

30.
ibid., p. 230.

Chapter
5

  
1.
A. L. Lloyd,
Folk Song in England
, London, 1967, pp. 190–93.

  
2.
‘The Lass of Islington’, V. de Sola Pinto and A. E. Rodway,
The Common Muse
, Penguin edition, London, 1965, p. 569.

  
3.
Lloyd,
Folk Song in England
, p. 226.

  
4.
Nottingham Date Book, quoted by Jo O’Brien, ‘Women and Children in Working-Class Life in the Nineteenth Century’, unpublished paper given at Women’s Liberation Conference, Oxford, February 1970.

  
5.
Quoted in Edith Thomas,
The Women Incendiaries
, London, 1967, p. 31.

  
6.
ibid.

  
7.
ibid., p. 45.

  
8.
ibid., p. 121.

  
9.
ibid.

10.
ibid., pp. xi–xii.

11.
ibid., pp. 151–2.

12.
ibid.

13.
Quoted in Aileen S. Kraditor (ed.),
Up From the Pedestal
, Chicago, 1968, pp. 50–52.

14.
Quoted in ‘Women in History: A Recreation of Our Past’, from
Woman, A Journal of Liberation
, spring 1970, p. 16.

15.
ibid.

16.
Alice Henry,
The Trade Union Woman
, New York, 1915, p. 5.

17.
Quoted by O’Brien, ‘Women and Children in Working-Class Life in the Nineteenth Century’.

18.
Quoted in J. Ramsay MacDonald,
Women in the Printing Trades
, London, 1904, p. 33.

19.
Quoted in Ivy Pinchbeck,
Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution, 1750–1850
, London, 1930, p. 199.

20.
Quoted in Henry,
The Trade Union Woman
, p. 24.

21.
La Voix des Femmes
, 20 March 1841.

22.
ibid., 3 April 1848.

23.
ibid., 31 March 1848.

24.
Thomas,
The Women Incendiaries
, pp. 79–80.

25.
Quoted in Evelyne Sullerot, ‘Journaux Feminins et Lutte Ouvrière’, in Jacques Godechot (ed.),
La Presse Ouvrière
, 1966, p. 106.

26.
Stepniak,
Underground Russia
, London, 1883, p. 23.

27.
Quoted in Fannina Halle,
Woman in Soviet Russia
, London, 1933, pp. 42–3.

28.
Quoted in I. Steinberg,
Spiridonova – Revolutionary Terrorist
, London, 1935, p. 95.

29. ibid., p. 98.

30.
Popp,
Autobiography of a Working Woman
, London, 1912, p. 107.

31.
ibid., p. 133.

32.
Dora Montefiore,
From a Victorian to a Modern
, p. 65.

33.
Georgia Pearce, ‘A Russian Exile – Alexandra Kollontai and the Russian Woman Worker’,
The Woman Worker
, 19 May 1909, p. 469.

34.
Quoted in
McClure’s
, October 1910, in Harvey Swados (ed.),
Years of Conscience – The Muckrakers
, New York, 1962.

35.
Council of East London Federation, Minute Book, 28 February 1914, Sylvia Pankhurst papers, Amsterdam Institute of Social History.

36.
ibid., 27 January 1914.

37.
La Voix des Femmes
, 23 and 28 March 1848.

Chapter 6

  
1.
L. Trotsky,
Problems of Life
, London, 1924, p. 99.

  
2.
Jessica Smith,
Women in Soviet Russia
, New York, 1928, p. 6.

  
3.
Quoted in R. A. J. Schlesinger,
Changing Attitudes in Soviet Russia: The Family
, London, 1949, p. 328.

  
4.
Smith,
Women in Soviet Russia
, p. 16.

  
5.
ibid., p. 16.

  
6.
ibid., pp. 53–4.

  
7.
ibid., p. 57.

  
8.
Louise Bryant,
Mirrors of Moscow
, New York, 1923, pp. 120–21.

  
9.
Fannina Halle,
Woman in the Soviet East
, London, 1938, p. 181.

10.
Schlesinger,
Changing Attitudes in Soviet Russia: The Family
, p. 91.

11.
V. I. Lenin,
On the Emancipation of Women
, Moscow, 1967, p. 79.

12.
A. Kollontai,
Communism and the Family
, Plato Press, London, 1971, p. 15.

13.
L. Trotsky,
Problems of Life
, London, 1924, p. 48.

14.
ibid., pp. 59–60.

15.
ibid., p. 68.

16.
ibid., p. 94.

17.
Quoted in Halle,
Woman in Soviet Russia
, pp. 376–7.

18.
See W. Reich,
The Sexual Revolution
, Part II, New York, 1967, pp. 153–269.

19.
A. Kollontai,
Free Love
, London, 1932, p. 124.

20.
Halle,
Woman in Soviet Russia
, p. 372.

21.
Smith,
Woman in Soviet Russia
, p. 1.

22.
ibid., p. 56.

23.
Trotsky,
Problems of Life
, p. 90.

24.
Smith,
Woman in Soviet Russia
, p. 170.

25.
Reich,
The Sexual Revolution
, p. 214.

26.
Quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 59.

27.
ibid., p. 59.

28.
Quoted in Schlesinger,
Changing Attitudes in Soviet Russia: The Family
, p. 140.

29.
ibid., pp. 99–100.

30.
Trotsky,
Problems of Life
, p. 45.

31.
David and Vera Mace,
The Soviet Family
, London, 1964, p. 68.

32.
Reich,
The Sexual Revolution
, p. 173.

33.
ibid.

34.
Quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 66.

35.
Lenin,
On the Emancipation of Women
, pp. 105–8.

36.
Quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 63.

37.
Isabel de Palencia,
A. Kollontai
, New York, 1947, p. 146.

38.
ibid., p. 142–3.
The following description of Kollontai’s novels originally appeared in ‘Alexandra Kollontai: Women’s Liberation and Revolutionary Love’, by Sheila Rowbotham,
The Spokesman
, summer 1970.

39.
Kollontai,
Free Love
, p. 237.

40.
ibid., p. 243.

41.
De Palencia,
Alexandra Kollontai
, p. 137.

42.
Kollontai,
The Revolution of Life and Morals
, in Schlesinger, p. 59.

43.
Kollontai, excerpts from
Love of Three Generations
, in Schlesinger, pp. 73–4.

44.
De Palencia,
Alexandra Kollontai
, pp. 137, 132, 160–66.

45.
Kollontai,
The New Morality and the Working Class
, quoted in Reich, p. 170.

46.
Quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 86.

47.
Schlesinger,
Changing Attitudes in Soviet Russia: The Family
, pp. 186–7.

48.
Quoted in Erica Dunn and Judy Klein, ‘Women in the Russian Revolution’, in
Women: A Journal of Liberation
, summer 1970, pp. 25–6.

49.
L. Trotsky,
The Revolution Betrayed
, New York, 1937, pp. 151–2.

50.
David and Vera Mace,
The Soviet Family
, p. 101.

51.
ibid., p. 90.

52.
Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 130.

53.
Isaac Deutscher,
Stalin
, Penguin Books, London, 1966, p. 333.

54.
Quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 304.

55.
The Times
, 18 December 1966.

56.
These statements are bated on:
Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, pp. 187–93.
Evelyne Sullerot,
Histoire et Sociologie du Travail Féminin
, Paris, 1958, p. 208.
N. V. Popova,
The Part Played by Women in Socialist Society
, Moscow, 1967, pp. 28–36.
A. Didsusenko,
Soviet Children
, Moscow, 1967.
Ludmilla Pavlova,
Women in My Country
, Novosti Press Agency
Publishing House, Moscow.
Agnes Shackleton, ‘Life in Russia Today’, in
Peace and Freedom
, November–December 1964.
Dr John Fry, ‘Soviet Health Service’,
Guardian
, 19 July 1967.
Donald Gould, ‘Russia’s Health Service’,
New Statesman, 9
June 1967.
Kyril Tidmarsh, ‘Russia Plans More Shopping Centres’,
The Times
, 14 September 1967.
Alexander Werth, ‘Fifty Years After’,
New Statesman
, 29 September 1967.

57.
N. V. Popova, op. cit., pp. 11–17.

58.
L. Pavlova,
Women in My Country.

59.
Valerie Albert, ‘It’s the Women who have Saved Russia from Collapse’, in
Pulse
, 30 December 1967.

60.
Mace,
The Soviet Family
, p. 104.

61.
Quoted in Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 226.

62.
Trotsky,
The Revolution Betrayed
, p. 157.

63.
Geiger,
The Family in Soviet Russia
, p. 185.

64.
Marcelle Bernstein, ‘The Hard Hat Girls’,
Observer Colour Supplement
, 31 January 1971.

65.
Quoted in Albert, ‘It’s the Women who have Saved Russia from Collapse’.

Chapter 7

  
1.
Helen Foster Snow,
Women in Modern China
, The Netherlands, 1967, p. 46.

  
2.
See Marion J. Levy,
The Family Revolution in Modern China
, Harvard, 1949, pp. 290–338.

  
3.
Fei-ling Davies, ‘The Role and Organization of Chinese Secret Societies in the Late Ch’ing’, M. Phil. Thesis, London, 1968, pp. 198–200.

  
4.
Ann Zell, ‘Early Beginnings of the Development of Working-Class Institutions in China’, M. Phil. Thesis, London, 1970, p. 30.

  
5.
Roxane Witke, ‘Mao Tse-tung, Women and Suicide in the May Fourth Era’, in
China Quarterly
, July-September 1067.

  
6.
ibid., p. 136.

  
7.
ibid., p. 142.

  
8.
ibid., p. 140.

  
9.
Charlotte Bunch-Weeks, ‘Asian Women in Revolution’, in
Women: A Journal of Liberation
, summer 1970, p. 3.