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Authors: Robert Hutchinson

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71
‘Casting the bar’ involved hurling a heavy iron bar from a standing position, rather like shot-putting in modern athletics field sports.
72
A stout wooden pole, six to eight feet (1.83 – 2.44 m) in length, frequently iron-tipped at both ends.
73
Hayward, p.91.
74
TNA LC 2/1/1 f.73v.
75
Gunn, ‘Courtiers’, p.45 and Starkey,
Henry – Virtuous Prince
, p.231.
76
Thomas & Thornley, p.328. The ‘master carpenter that framed [the gallery] was punished by imprisonment many days after’ (ibid., p.331).
77
Charlton, pp.41 – 5.
78
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 13, pt. ii, p.318. He was executed for treason by Henry VIII on 9 December 1539.
79
Ferdinand told him in ?July 1508 that his ‘principal objective must always be to endeavour to have the nuptial ceremony between the Prince and Princess of Wales performed as soon as possible’. He should see to this ‘with the utmost diligence’ (
CSP Spain
, vol. 1, p.458).
80
‘Correspondence de Fuensalida’, p.449.
81
Peter Foley, ‘Retrospective on the Quincentenary of the Death of Henry VII’,
Ricardian Bulletin
, December 2009, p.34.
82
Vergil, p.145.
83
Rex,
The Tudors
, p.43.
84
Clifford Brewer, p.110.
85
Bacon, p.229.
86
De Puebla to Ferdinand of Spain, London, 5 October 1507 (
CSP Spain
, vol. 1, p.439).
87
CSP Venice
, vol. 1, p.330.
88
CSP Spain
, vol. 1, p.457.
89
‘Fisher: Works’, vol. 1, pp.271 – 2.
90
Ibid., p.273.
91
Forty shillings were paid out on 25 March for ‘the king’s grace for playing money’ and on 10 April, two payments totalling the large sum of £53 4s 11d were made to Sir Peter Greves ‘for the wages of certain priests singing in diverse places for the king’
(Anglo, ‘Court Festivities’, p.37).
92
‘Fisher: Works’, vol. 1, p.274.
93
Badoer faced ‘great perils’ on his journey: ‘his horse fell upon him, subsequently he was well nigh drowned.’ Haplessly, he told the Venetian government that ‘he would array himself as an ambassador’ (
CSP Venice
, vol. 1, p.342).
94
CSP Venice
, ibid., p.344.
95
TNA E 23/3.
96
Richard Welles was paid 66s 8d on 6 April for writing Henry VII’s will (Condon, ‘The Last Will of Henry VII … ’, p.105).
97
Condon, ibid., p.112.
98
A marble bust purporting to show Henry VII in the agony of death was in the collection of Horace Walpole at Strawberry Hill. However, the bust, probably Italian and now called ‘Shouting Male Head’, was carved in the seventeenth century and is unconnected with any royal demise. It is in the collection of the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House and is illustrated in
Horace Walpole’s Strawberry Hill
, Michael Snodin (ed.), New Haven and London, 2010, p.129.
99
‘Fisher: Works’, vol. 1, pp.285 – 6.
100
Henry to Margaret of Savoy, Westminster, 27 June 1509 (BL Add. MS 21,404, f.10).
101
‘Fisher: Works’, vol. 1, p.274.
102
BL Add. MS 45,131, f.54; Doran, p.56.
CHAPTER 5:
VIVAT REX
1
BL Add. MS 21,404, f.10.
2
‘Correspondence de Fuensalida’, p.513.
3
Gunn, ‘The Accession of Henry VIII’, p.280. Suffolk and Buckingham had been identified by anonymous ‘great personages’ in 1504 as possible successors to Henry VII (see
LP Henry VII
, vol. 1, p.233.
4
Sandford, p.472.
5
Later, an efficient clerk cancelled this entry and substituted the word ‘nil’. The payment was then listed in Henry VIII’s chamber accounts (Gunn, ‘The Accession of Henry VIII’, p.280).
6
BL Add. MS 45,131, f.52v.
7
Ibid.
8
‘Correspondence de Fuensalida’, p.516.
9
Ibid., pp.514 and 516.
10
Routh, p.42.
11
Gunn, ‘The Accession of Henry VIII’, p.282.
12
Thomas & Thornley, p.336.
13
Harris, pp.153 – 71; Gunn, ‘The Accession of Henry VIII’, p.284.
14
Holinshed, vol. 3, p.505. This must have been menacing gossip to Henry VIII’s ears. The last ‘Lord Protector’ of the realm had been Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who was appointed to the post on 30 April 1483. On 26 June the following year he became Richard III.
15
Hall, p.512. Henry VIII pardoned him and later created him Earl of Wiltshire.
16
Report of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records
, vol. 3, London, 1842, appendix 2, p.226.
17
Vergil, p.153.
18
Paul’s Cross was a preaching cross on the north side of St Paul’s Cathedral. Bishop Thomas Kempe rebuilt it in the late fifteenth century, with a lead-covered roof and a low surrounding wall. There was room inside for three or four persons. The open-air pulpit was destroyed in 1643 by radical Protestants.
19
Hall, pp.503 and 505.
20
Brodie, p.160.
21
Many were put in the pillory, subjected to the jeers of the crowd and pelted with rotten fruit (Vergil, p.153).
22
TNA SP 1/1/3;
LP Henry VIII, vol. 1, 2nd ed., p.7; Hughes & Larkin, nos. 59 and 60, pp.79 – 83.
23
Sharpe, p.34. The French printer Pynson (1448 – 1529) worked in the parish of St Clement Danes, between Westminster and the City of London, but moved inside Temple Bar in 1501, possibly because of riots against foreign traders that year. He became King’s Printer in 1506 at a wage of £2 a year, later doubled. He became a naturalised citizen in 1513. See Henry Plomer, ‘Two Lawsuits of Richard Pynson’,
The Library
, 2nd ser., vol. 10 (1909), pp.115 – 33 and Pamela Neville,
Richard Pynson, King’s Printer: Printing and Propaganda in Early Tudor England
, Diss and London, 1990.
24
‘Correspondence de Fuensalida’, p.517.
25
TNA C 82/335/6 – Exemptions from the general pardon signed by Henry VIII; Tower of London, 30 April 1509. In an administrative slip, poor Ralph Hackelet of Herefordshire was included in this list of exemptions but the error was quickly spotted the same day and he was included in the general pardon (
LP Henry VIII, vol. 1, p.5). On 30 May, the unfortunately named ‘Thomas Thomas’ was granted a pardon (LP Henry VIII, vol. 1, 2nd ed., p.33).
26
CSP Spain
, vol. 2, pp.7 – 8. The marriage portion initially was to be paid thus: 65,000 scudos in cash, 15,000 scudos in gold and silver, and 20,000 in jewels and ornaments. A few days later, Ferdinand agreed to pay it all in cash ‘in order to show the new king how much more he loved him and how much more he valued his friendship than that of his father’.
27
TNA SP 1/1/18.
28
CSP Spain
, vol. 2, p.10.
29
Not knowing of his death, Stile had written to Henry VII on 26 April warning that Ferdinand was so enraged by Katherine’s harsh treatment that he was considering a declaration of war against England (Ridley, p.40).
30
Four thousand Venetian troops were killed in a defeat inflicted by the French at the Battle of Agnadello, between Milan and Bergamo, on 14 May 1509.
31
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 1, 1st ed., p.4.
32
The Doge and Senate to Andrea Badoer, Venice, 28 April 1509 (
CSP Venice
, vol. 1, p.345).
33
Doge and Senate to Badoer, Venice, 16 May 1509.
CSP Venice
, ibid., p.346.
34
CSP Venice
, ibid., p.346.
35
In practice, the English king’s writ only ran within a forty-mile (64.37 km) area around Dublin.
36
Starkey,
Henry VIII
, p.13.
37
The population was forbidden to eat butter, cheese and meat during Lent and Advent and on Friday or Saturdays, without obtaining a licence on health grounds.
38
Muller, p.280.
39
‘Relation of England’, p.21.
40
Ibid., pp.42 – 3.
41
‘Sanuto Diaries’, vol. 5, xv, pp.572 – 5.
42
‘The Little Office’ or ‘Hours of Our Lady’ was customarily recited by the pious laity in the pre-Reformation church in England.
43
‘Relation of England’, pp.22 – 3.
44
‘Wriothesley Chronicle’, vol. 1, p.6.
45
‘Sanuto Diaries’, vol. 5, xvii, p.78.
46
‘Relation of England’, pp.24 – 5.
47
Chronicle of Calais
, p.7.
48
TNA SP 1/1/11.
49
BL Arundel MS 26, f.28; Harley MS 6,079, f.31.
50
Anglo,
Images
, pp.100 – 1.
51
See C. Galvin and P. Lindley, ‘Pietro Torrigiano’s Portrait Bust of King Henry VII’ in
Gothic to Renaissance: Essays on Sculpture in England
, P. Lindley (ed.), Stamford, 1995, pp.170 – 87; R. P. Howgrave-Graham, ‘Royal Portraits in Effigy: Some New Discoveries in Westminster Abbey’,
Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
, vol. 101 (1952 – 3), pp.465 – 71; and Frederick Hepburn, ‘The 1505 Portrait of Henry VII’,
Antiquaries Journal
, vol. 88 (2008), pp.235 – 6. The effigy remains in the museum of Westminster Abbey.
52
‘Fisher: Works’, vol. 1, pp.269 – 70.
53
Anglo,
Images
, pp.101 – 2.
54
The name is the origin of the vernacular phrase ‘in the clink’ – meaning being ‘in prison’.
55
Leland, vol. 4, p.309.
56
BL Harley MS 6,079, f.31.
57
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 1, 2nd ed., pp.31 – 2.
58
Groveley Forest remains the largest area of woodland in South Wiltshire. It is situated on a chalk ridge south of the village of Great Wishford, and lies within the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
59
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 1, 2nd ed., p.11. A ‘corrody’ was provision for maintenance, given regularly by a religious house, rather like an annuity. Both preferments were available because of the death of James Braybroke.
60
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 1, 2nd ed., p.30.
61
TNA SP 1/1/33. Darcy, the previous Captain of the Guard, acted in that capacity at Henry VII’s funeral. He received some compensation by soon after being elected a Knight of the Garter at a meeting of the order’s chapter at Greenwich (
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 1, 2nd ed., p.24).
62
Marney (
c
.1457 – 1523) had fought at Bosworth and Stoke Field and in the final campaign against Perkin Warbeck in 1497. He was also one of the witnesses to Henry’s protestation at the marriage with Katherine of Aragon. Marney was appointed Lord Privy Seal and created Baron Marney shortly before his death.
63
TNA SP 1/1/28.
64
LP Henry VIII
, vol. 1, 2nd ed., p.24.
65
Ibid., p.11.
66
‘Correspondence de Fuensalida’, pp.519 – 20.

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