The Worth of War (31 page)

11
. Clive Dewey, “Some Consequences of Military Expenditure in British India: The Case of the Upper Sind Sugar Doab, 1849–1947,” in Clive Dewey, ed.,
Arrested Development in India: The Historical Dimension
(Riverdale, MD: Manohar Publishers, 1988), 143.

12
. Alexander Werth,
Russia at War: 1941–1945
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1964), 426.

13
.
Reuters
, “Illicit Israeli Military Technology Transfers Continued amidst US State Department Infighting-Audit,” November 23, 2011,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/23/idUS142969+23-Nov-2011+PRN20111123
.

14
. Dan Senor and Saul Singer,
Start-Up Nation
(New York: Hachette Books, 2009).

15
. Michael Birnbaum and Joby Warrick, “German Factory Yields an Iran Mystery,”
Washington Post
, April 16, 2013.

16
. McNeill,
Pursuit of Power
, 241.

17
. Michael C. Horowitz,
The Diffusion of Military Power
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), 134.

18
. McNeill,
Pursuit of Power
, 241.

19
. Horowitz,
Diffusion of Military Power
, 151.

20
. Ibid., 162.

21
. Mary Habeck,
Storm of Steel
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003).

22
. Sari Horwitz, “United Technologies Acknowledges Coverup of Sale of Military Software to China,”
Washington Post
, June 28, 2012,
http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-06-28/world/35461534_1_pratt-whitney-canada-z-10-z10
.

23
.
Defense News
, April 23, 2012,
http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120423/DEFREG02/304230009/Brazil-Wants-U-S-Military-Technology-Transfer-Restrictions-Lifted
.

24
.
UPI
, March 26, 2013,
http://www.upi.com/Science_News/Technology/2013/03/26/US-is-leading-espionage-target/UPI-95491364298755/
.

25
. Walter Hickey, “14 Brazen Examples of Iranian Agents Stealing Technology from the US,”
Business Insider
, July 16, 2012,
http://www.businessinsider.com/14-brazen-examples-of-iranian-agents-stealing-technology-from-america-2012-7
.

26
. Ariana Eunjung Cha and Ellen Nakashima, “Google China Cyberattack Part of Vast Espionage Campaign, Experts Say,”
Washington Post
, January14, 2010,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/13/AR2010011300359.html?sid=ST2010011300360
.

27
. Gordon Fraser,
The Quantum Exodus
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).

28
. P. W. Singer,
Wired for War
(New York: Penguin, 2009).

CHAPTER 3: WHY WAR MITIGATES GOVERNMENTAL BRUTALITY

1
. Mao Zedong, “On Contradiction,”
http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_17.htm
.

2
. Pieter Spierenburg, “The Body and the State,” in Norval Morris and David J. Rothman,
The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 48.

3
. Benjamin Ginsberg, “Force and Governance,” in
The Value of Violence
(Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2013).

4
. Khaled Fahmy, “The Nation and Its Deserters: Conscription in Mehmed Ali's Egypt,” in Erik J. Zurcher, ed.,
Arming the State: Military Conscription in the Middle East and Central Asia 1775–1925
(London: I. B. Tauris, 1999), 59–78.

5
. Nicoletta F. Gullace,
The Blood of Our Sons: Men, Women and the Renegotiation of British Citizenship during the Great War
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).

6
. Martin van Creveld,
Supplying War
, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

7
. Samuel Finer, “State and Nation-Building in Europe: The Role of the Military,” in Charles Tilly, ed.,
The Formation of National States in Western Europe
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), 84–163.

8
. Ruth O'Brien, “Taking the Conservative State Seriously: Statebuilding and Restrictive Labor Practices in Postwar America,”
Journal of Labor Studies
21 (Winter, 1997): 61.

9
. Richard Bensel,
Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 248.

10
. Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer,
Jay Cooke: Financier of the Civil War
(Philadelphia: Jacobs, 1907).

11
. Eric L. McKitrick, “Party Politics and the Union and Confederate War Efforts,” in
The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development
, ed. William N. Chambers and Walter Dean Burnham, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 147.

12
. Donald R. Stabile and Jeffrey A. Cantor,
The Public Debt of the United States: An Historical Perspective, 1775–1990
(New York: Praeger, 1990), 79.

13
. Richard Overy,
Russia's War: A History of the Soviet Effort, 1941–1945
(New York: Penguin, 1998), 155.

14
. Theda Skocpol, Ziad Munson, Andrew Karch, and Bayliss Camp, “Patriotic Partnerships: Why Great Wars Nourish American Civic Voluntarism,” in
Shaped by War and Trade: International Influences on American Political Development
, ed. Ira Katznelson and Martin Shefter (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002), 134.

15
. Philip M. Taylor,
Munitions of the Mind: A History of Propaganda from the Ancient World to the Present Day
, 3rd ed. (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2003), 31.

16
. Kautilya,
The Arthashastra
, ed. and trans. L. N. Rangarajan (New York: Penguin, 1997), 13.1:7–10.

17
. Taylor,
Munitions of the Mind
, 115.

18
. Ibid.

19
. Thomas Paine,
The Crisis
, December 23, 1776,
http://www.ushistory.org/paine/crisis/c-01.htm
.

20
. Taylor,
Munitions of the Mind
, 150.

21
. Ibid., 154.

22
. Quoted in ibid., 155.

23
. George Creel,
How We Advertised America
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1920). Quoted in Frederick Irion,
Public Opinion and Propaganda
(New York: Crowell, 1952), 414.

24
. Chester Bowles,
Promises to Keep
(New York: Harper & Row, 1971), 93.

25
. Taylor,
Munitions of the Mind
, 216.

26
. Susan A. Brewer,
Why America Fights: Patriotism and War Propaganda from the Philippines to Iraq
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 92.

27
. Ibid., 113.

28
. Clayton R. Koppes and Gregory D. Black,
Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits and Propaganda Shaped World War II Movies
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 103.

29
. Ibid., 59.

30
. Allan M. Winkler,
The Politics of Propaganda: The Office of War Information, 1942–1945
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1978), 56.

31
. Ibid., 61.

32
. Koppes and Black,
Hollywood
, 66.

33
. Bosley Crowther, “The World at War (1942),”
New York Times
, September 4, 1942,
http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9900E3D91E3CE33BBC4C53DFBF668389659EDE
.

34
. Steven A. Bank, Kirk J. Stark, and Joseph J Thorndike,
War and Taxes
(Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 2008), 98.

35
. Carolyn Jones, “Mass-Based Income Taxation: Creating a Taxpaying Culture, 1940–1952,” in
Funding the Modern American State, 1941–1995: The Rise and Fall of the Era of Easy Finance
, ed. W. Elliott Brownlee (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 107–8.

36
. Ibid.

37
. John Bush Jones,
The Songs That Fought the War: Popular Music and the Home Front, 1939–1945
(Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press), 2006.

38
. Quoted in Lawrence R. Samuel,
Pledging Allegiance: American Identity and the Bond Drive of World War II
(Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1997), 16.

39
. Adam J. Berinsky,
In Time of War: Understanding American Public Opinion from World War II to Iraq
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009).

40
. Overy,
Russia's War
, 161.

41
. Roger R. Reese,
Why Stalin's Soldiers Fought: The Red Army's Military Effectiveness in World War II
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011), 177.

42
. Alexander Werth,
Russia at War
(New York: Discus, 1970), 410–12.

43
. Amnon Sella,
The Value of Human Life in Soviet Warfare
(New York: Routledge, 1992), 153.

44
. Roger Reese,
The Soviet Military Experience: A History of the Soviet Army, 1917–1991
(New York: Routledge, 2000).

45
. Overy,
Russia's War
, 162.

46
. Jay Leyda,
Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film
, 3rd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983), 379.

47
. Ibid., 377.

48
. Peter Kenez,
Cinema and Soviet Society
:
From the Revolution to the Death of Stalin
(London: I. B. Tauris, 2009), 177.

49
. Quoted in Catherine Merridale,
Ivan's War: Life and Death in the Red Army, 1939–1945
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006), 183.

50
. Ben Fritz, Bryan Keefer, and Brendan Nyhan,
All the President's Spin
(New York: Touchstone, 2004), 252–53.

51
. Ibid., 357.

52
. Bruce D. Porter,
War and the Rise of the State
(New York: Free Press, 1994), 180.

53
. Ibid., 183.

54
. Ibid., 184.

55
. Gregory J. Kasza, “War and Welfare Policy in Japan,”
Journal of Asian Studies
2 (May 2002): 417–35.

56
. Goran Therborn, “The Rule of Capitalism and the Rise of Democracy,”
New Left Review
103 (May 1977): 3–41.

57
. Catherine Lyle Cleverdon,
The Woman Suffrage Movement in Canada
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1950).

58
. Chilton Williamson,
American Suffrage from Property to Democracy, 1760–1860
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960).

59
.
The Hornet
1, no. 6 (1802).

60
.
Continental Journal
, January 9, 1777.

61
. Williamson,
American Suffrage
, 133.

62
. Ibid., 141.

63
. Christian G. Samito,
Becoming American under Fire
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009).

CHAPTER 4: WAR AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS

1
. Michael Beckley, “Economic Development and Military Effectiveness,”
Journal of Strategic Studies
33, no. 1 (2010): 43–79.

2
. Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, “Who's Afraid of Economic Development?”
Reuters
, March 15, 2012,
http://blogs.reuters.com/why-nations-fail/2012/03/15/whos-afraid-of-economic-development/
.

3
. Paul Kennedy,
The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
(New York: Random House, 1987), 77.

4
. Scott B. MacDonald and Albert Gastmann,
A History of Credit and Power in the Western World
(New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 131.

5
. Mark Kishlansky,
A Monarchy Transformed: Britain, 1603–1714
(New York: Penguin Books, 1977), 340.

6
. Carl Wennerlind,
Casualties of Credit: The English Financial Revolution, 1620–1720
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), 109.

7
. Douglass C. North and Robert Paul Thomas,
The Rise of the Western World
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973), 155.

8
. Wennerlind,
Casualties of Credit
, 110.

9
. John Brewer,
The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783
(New York: Knopf, 1989), 88.

10
. Ibid., 94.

11
. William H. McNeill,
The Pursuit of Power
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982),178.

12
. Franklin Allen et al., “How Important Historically Were Financial Systems for Growth in the UK, US, Germany, and Japan?”
World Bank Project on Financial Structure
, October 25, 2010,
http://fic.wharton.upenn.edu/fic/papers/10/10-27.PDF
.

13
. McNeill,
Pursuit of Power
, 181.

14
. Ibid., 211.

15
. Ibid., 175.

16
. Ibid., 176.

17
. Ibid., 183.

18
. Richard Bonney, “The Rise of the Fiscal State in France, 1500–1914,” in Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla and Patrick K. O'Brien,
The Rise of Fiscal States: A Global History 1500–1814
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 98.

19
. MacDonald and Gastmann,
History of Credit
, 160.

20
. McNeill,
Pursuit of Power
, 227.

21
. Allen et al., “How Important,” 33.

22
. Kennedy,
Rise and Fall
, 212.

23
. Ibid., 211.

24
. Richard Franklin Bensel,
Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 248.