1858 (60 page)

Stewart, James.
Wendell Phillips: Liberty’s Hero
. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.

Strode, Hudson.
Jefferson Davis: American Patriot
. 3 vols. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World Inc., 1955.

———.
Private Letters of Jefferson Davis
. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1966.

Sundquist, James.
Dynamics of the Party System: Alignment and Re-Alignment of Political Parties in the United States
. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1983.

Sydnor, Charles.
The Development of Southern Sectionalism
. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1948.

Taylor, John.
William Seward: Lincoln’s Right Hand
. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Taylor, Walter.
General Lee: His Campaign in Virginia, 1861–1865, with Personal Reminiscences
. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1974.

Teeter, Dwight Jr., and Jean Folkerts.
Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States
.

Third ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Co., 1998.

Thomas, Emory.
Robert E. Lee: A Biography
. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1995.

Thomas, Hugh.
The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870
. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.

Van Der Heuvel, Gerry.
Crowns of Thorns and Glory, Mary Todd Lincoln and Varina Howell Davis: The Two First Ladies of the Civil War
. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1988.

Van Deusen, Glyndon.
Thurlow Weed: Wizard of the Lobby
. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1947.

———.
William Henry Seward
. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.

Villard, Henry.
Memoirs of Henry Villard, Journalist and Financier, 1835–1900
. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1904.

Villard, Oswald.
John Brown, 1800–1859: A Biography Fifty Years After
. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1943.

Wallace, David.
History of South Carolina
. 3 vols. New York, 1934.

Waugh, John.
On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History
. Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 2003.

Weed, Harriet, ed.
Thurlow Weed: Life of Thurlow Weed, including his autobiography and a memoir, embellished in Portraits, and other illustrations
. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1884.

Wellman, Paul.
The House Divides
. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Co., 1966.

Wells, Damon.
Stephen Douglas: The Last Years, 1857–1861
. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971.

White, Laura.
Robert Barnwell Rhett: Father of Secession
. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith Co. 1965.

Wilson, Edmund.
Patriotic Gore
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952.

Wiltse, Charles.
John C. Calhoun, Sectionalist, 1840–1850
. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1951.

Windle, Mary.
Life in Washington and Life Here and There
. Philadelphia: 1859.

Winkley, J. W.
John Brown: The Hero
. Boston: James West Co., 1905.

Woldman, A. A.
Lincoln and the Russians
. Cleveland: World Publishing, 1952.

Woodworth, Steven.
Jefferson Davis and His Generals: the Failure of Confederate Command in the West
. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1990.

Young, Mary, ed.
John Young, Men and Memories: Personal Reminiscences
. 2nd ed. New York: 1901.

Zarefsky, David.
Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Akron (Ohio) Beacon

Albany Evening Journal
, 1854–58

Border City Star
, 1923

Boston Daily Advertiser
, 1858

Boston Post
, 1858, 1859

Buffalo Republican
, 1858

Centreville (Ind.) True Republican
, 1858

Charleston Courier

Charleston Mercury
, 1858–1861

Chatham (Canada) Daily News
, 1923

Chicago Democrat
, 1858

Chicago Press and Tribune
, 1854–1860

Chicago Times
, 1854–1858

Cincinnati Commercial
, 1858

Cincinnati Daily Gazette
, 1859

Cleveland Herald
, 1858

Cleveland Leader

Cleveland Plain Dealer
, 1858–1860

Columbia Telegraph
, 1858–1860

Concord (N.H.) Independent Democrat
, 1858

Congressional Globe
, 1844–1861

Daily Pantagraph
, 1858

Des Moines (Iowa) Sunday Register

Dubuque (Iowa) Express
, 1858

Eastern (Me.) Argus
, 1858

Evansville (Ind.) Journal
, 1885

Frank Leslie’s Newspaper
, 1881

Freeport Weekly Bulletin
, 1858

Galesburg (Ill.) Democrat
, 1858

Harper’s Weekly
, 1858
–
59

Harrisburg Telegraph
, 1858

Harrisonville (Kans.) Democrat
, 1859

Hornellville National American
, 1858

Illinois Journal
, 1854–59

Illinois State Register
, 1857–58

Jackson (Miss.) Observer and State Gazette
, 1858

Jackson Mississippian

Jacksonville (Ill.) Sentinel
, 1858

Jonesboro (Ill.) Gazette
, 1858

Kansas Herald
, 1859

Lafayette (La.) Statesman
, 1850

Lancaster (Pa.) Intelligencer
, 1858

Lawrence (Kans.) Daily Journal World
, 1943

Little Rock Star Gazette and Democrat

Louisville Democrat
, 1857–58

Lowell (Mass.) Journal and Courier
, 1858

Macon (Ga.) Jeffersonian
, 1844

Memphis Commercial Appeal
, 1912

Missouri Democrat
, 1859, 1959

Monroe Democrat
, 1851

Montgomery (Ala.) Confederation
, 1858

National Intelligencer
, 1857–58

National Slavery Standard
, 1858–1860

New Orleans Crescent
, 1858

New York Evening Post
, 1858

New York Herald
, 1858

New York Times
, 1854–1860

New York Tribune
, 1858

Norwalk (Ohio) Reflector
, 1859

Oberlin (Ohio) News
, 1859

Oberlin Evangelist
, 1859

Ohio Commercial Register
, 1858

Ohio Statesman
, 1859

Overland Monthly
, 1891

Oxford (Miss.) Mercury
, 1858

Pennsylvania Public Ledger
, 1858

Peoria (Ill.) Transcript
, 1858

Philadelphia Evening Bulletin
, 1858

Philadelphia North American
, 1858

Philadelphia Press
, 1858

Portland (Me.) Transcript
, 1858

Portland (Ore.) Telegram
, 1906

Quincy (Ill.) Daily Herald
, 1858

Quincy (Ill.) Herald
, 1858

Rochester Democrat and American
, 1858

Rockford (Ill.) Republican
, 1858

Sangamon Journal
, 1840

Spartanburg (S.C.) Spartan

Springfield Sunday Republican

St. Louis Globe-Democrat
, 1888

Summit Beacon
, 1855

Sumter (S.C.) Watchman Vicksburg (Miss.) Sentinel
, 1846

Vincennes Sun
, 1858

Warrenton (Va.) Index
, 1858

Washington Star
, 1858

Washington Union
, 1858

Weekly North-Western Gazette
, 1858

Wheeling (Va.) Intelligencer
, 1859

Wyandotte Western Argus
, 1859

1
.     
National Intelligencer
, January 2, 1858.

2
.     James McPherson,
The Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 190–191.

3
.     Letter of anonymous army officer, November 3, 1857, in the
National Intelligencer
, December 9, 1857.

4
.     
New York Herald Tribune
, January 1, 1858; Phillip Klein,
President James Buchanan: A Biography
(University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962), 316.

5
.     
National Intelligencer
, December 3, 1857.

6
.     
Chicago Press and Tribune
, January 4, 1858.

7
.     McPherson,
The Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
, 156–157; Michael Holt, “Another Look at the Election of 1856,” in Michael Birkner,
James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s
(Selingsgrove, Pa: Susquehanna University Press, 1996), 46–49.

8
.     Kenneth Stampp,
America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 47.

9
.     Paul Boller,
Presidential Anecdotes
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), 118.

10
.   James Buchanan to John Reynolds, February 22, 1821, Dickinsoniana, D.C., in Phillip Klein,
President James Buchanan: A Biography
(University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962), 141.

11
.   Klein, 140. Klein was one of the few biographers of Buchanan who had a positive view of him. Most considered him inept and historian Michael Birkner called him “a disaster.”

12
.   Comments of Elbert Smith in a conference at Franklin and Marshall College, September 21, 1991, “The Presidency of James Buchanan, A Reassessment,” in Michael Birkner,
James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s
, 173.

13
.   William Scarborough, ed.,
Diary of Edmund Ruffin
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973), entry of February 17, 1857.

14
.   Franklin Nichols,
The Disruption of American Democracy
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1948), 68–69.

15
.   Kenneth Stampp’s comments in the Franklin and Marshall symposium, “The Presidency of James Buchanan, a Reassessment,” in Birkner,
James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s
(Selingsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, 1996), 174–175.

16
.   Buchanan to Lewis Cass, February 21, 1857, Buchanan Papers, Firestone Library, Princeton University, microfilm.

17
.   Buchanan to Henry Wise, December 2, 1856, Buchanan Papers.

18
.   John Forney,
Anecdotes of Public Men
(New York: Harper and Brothers, 1881), 2 vols., 1:74.

19
.   Jeremiah Black to Howell Cobb, April 30, 1857, Cobb Papers, University of Georgia, in Klein, 285.

20
.   Michael Birkner,
James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850s
(Selingsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, 1996), 21.

21
.   John Forney,
Anecdotes of Public Men
(New York: Harper and Brothers, 1881), 2 vols., 1: 65, 62.

22
.   James Buchanan to Lord Clarendon, March 27, 1858, John Moore, ed.,
The Works of James Buchanan
, 12 vols., (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1908–1911), 10:199–200.

23
.   James Buchanan to Arnold Plumer, Buchanan Papers, Princeton University.

24
.   Annie Buchanan’s letter on the president’s death, George Ticknor Curtis,
The Life of James Buchanan
,
Fifteenth President of the United States
(Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), II: 676.

25
.   William C. Davis,
Breckinridge: Statesman, Soldier, Symbol
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974), 181.

26
.   Stanley Kimmel,
Mr. Lincoln’s Washington
(New York: Coward-McCann Inc., 1957), 173; Franklin Nichols,
The Disruption of American Democracy
(New York: MacMillan Co., 1948) 52–77.

27
.   James Buchanan to William Marcy, February 15, 1856, Moore,
Works
, 10:49.

28
.   James Sundquist,
Dynamics of the Party System: Alignment and Re-Alignment of Political Parties in the United States
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institute, 1983), 52–53; James Buchanan, speech at Wheatland, November 6, 1856, Moore,
Works
, 10: 96 –98.

29
.   James Buchanan to Joshua Bates, November 6, 1856, Moore,
Works
10: 98–99.

30
.   Ibid.; Nichols, 73.

31
.   A. A. Woldman,
Lincoln and the Russians
(Cleveland: World Publishing, 1952), 18.

32
.
   National Intelligencer
, December 7, 1857.

33
.
   National Intelligencer
, December 25, 1857.

34
.
   National Intelligencer
, December 28, 1857.

35
.
   New York Herald Tribune
, January 5, 1858.

36
.   Elbert Smith,
The Presidency of James Buchanan
(Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1975), 14–15.

37
.   Ibid., 302.

38
.   James Buchanan to James Denver, March 27, 1858, Moore,
Works
, X: 200–202.

39
.   Alexander Stephens to Thomas Thomas, June 16, 1856, “Correspondence of Robert Toombs, Alexander Stephens and Howell Cobb,” Annual report of the American Historical Association (1911), 2:372.