Read 35 Miles from Shore Online
Authors: Emilio Corsetti III
35 Miles from Shore (38 page)
Muniz, Luis. “Witnesses Testify at Hearing Into May 2 ONA Jet Ditching.”
San Juan Star
9 July 1970.
“ONA Hearings Emphasize Flight Crew's Training.”
San Juan Star
11 July 1970.
Onis, Juan de. “Nixon Puts 'Bums' Label On Some College Radicals.”
New York Times
2 May 1970.
“Pan Am Captain Aloft Aided Jet's Rescuers.”
San Juan Star
3 May 1970.
“Passenger List.”
San Juan Star
4 May 1970.
“Passengers ignored lifejacket warning.”
Trinidad Guardian
5 May 1970.
“Passengers on Board.”
Miami Herald
4 May 1970.
Perez, David. “Hearings on Ditched Plane Continues.”
San Juan Star
10 July 1970.
Perez, David, and Martha Dreyer. “Officials Seek Data To Find Plunge Causes.”
San Juan Star
4 May 1970.
“Plane with 63 crashes in Virgins.”
Trinidad Guardian
4 May 1970.
“Report on Fatal Crash Say passengers Not Warned.” Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie
Daily News
9 July 1970.
“Search Continues For 21 Persons, But Hope Fades.” Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie
Daily News
5 May 1970.
“Search for Survivors Hampered.”
Miami Herald
4 May 1970.
“Survivor Says Only One Exit Would Open.”
San Juan Star
4 May 1970.
“Survivor Tells of ALM Ordeal.” Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie
Daily News
5 May 1970.
“Survivors Tell Terror Of Ditching.”
Miami Herald
4 May 1970.
“Volunteers Aid in Rescue.” Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie
Daily News
5 May 1970.
Air Disasters, Volume 1
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Esper, George and The Associated Press.
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Unheeded Warning
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. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2003.
Johnson, Daniel A.
Just in Case: A Passenger's Guide to Airplane Safety and Survival
. New York and London: Plenum Press.
Pomerantz, Gary.
Nine minutes, twenty seconds
. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001.
Ryan, Cornelius. “One Minute to Ditch! The untold human story behind the headlines.”
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Mira Que Pasa
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Blank, Thomas E. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 1970.
Bohlke, William, Jr. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 1970.
Brawley, James W. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 6, 1970.
Fitzgerald, Carmond C. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” June 18, 1970.
Graves, Francis X. “ATC Group Factual Report of Investigation.” Docket No. SA-420.
Greauz, Georges. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 21, 1970.
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Pash, William F. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 15, 1970.
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Rylee, James E. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 1970.
Shields, William F. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 1970.
Speiser, Martin A. “Operations Group Chairman's Factual Report of Investigation.” Docket No. SA-420. File No. 1-0001. Exhibit No. 2A.
Sweet, Walter. “Structures Group Chairman's Factual Report of Investigation.” Docket No. SA-420. Exhibit No. 7A. May 26, 1970.
Vliestra, J. “Written statement provided to NTSB.” May 1970.
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Bertorelli, Paul. “Ditching Myths Torpedoed.”
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Fisher, Lloyd J. “Factors Affecting Ditching of New Transport Airplanes.” NASA Aircraft Safety and Operating Problems NASA SP-270. May 1971.
Johnson, Richard A. “Study on Transport Airplane Unplanned Water Contact.” U.S. Department of Transportation. Feb. 1984.
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Overseas National Airways Annual Report to Shareholders for 1968.
Overseas National Airways Annual Report to Shareholders for 1969.
Overseas National Airways Annual Report to Shareholders for 1970.
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Web Sites
Interviews
Abraham, Carol. Interview. December 2001.
Abraham, Robert. Interview. December 2001.
Arnold, Rick. Interview. October 2001; phone interview. January 2002.
Baker, Dick. Interview. March 2001.
Barber, John. Interview. July 2001.
Beckman, Dennis. Phone interview. January 2003.
Blank, Tom. Interview. July 2001.
Bohlke, Bill, Jr. Interview. November 2001; phone interview. December 2001.
Borrego, Kenneth. Phone interview. July 2001.
Brazzell, William. Interview. August 2001.
Cordeiro, Tobias (Tito). Interview. December 2001.
Crouthers, Jay. E-mail interview. July 2001.
DeWitt, Balsey. Interviews: July 2001, January 2002; phone interview. January 2002.
Dullighan, John. Phone interview. August 2001.
Fitzgerald, Carmond. Phone interview. July 2001.
Flavell, George. Phone interview. January 2002.
Gremelsbacker, Ellen. Phone and e-mail interviews. July 2001.
Hamilton, Jim. Phone interview. January 2002.
Hart, Hugh. Interview. May 2001; phone interview. July 2001.
Hartman, Donald. Phone interview. January 2006.
Hartog, Astrid den. E-mail interview. September 2001.
Hinckley, Albert. Phone interview. June 2002.
Hinckley, Ingrid. Phone interviews: March 2002, June 2002.
Hinckley, Steedman, Jr. Phone interview. July 2002.
Irausquin, Octavio (Tawa). Phone interview. March 2003.
Johnson, George. Phone interview. January 2002.
Kellner, George. Phone interview. January 2006.
Kellner, Martha. Phone interview. February 2003.
Kruger, Israel. Interview. November 2001.
Lang, Steve. Phone interview. March 2003.
Larmony, Charlie. Phone and e-mail interviews. December 2001.
Larmony, Jeannie. Interview. November 2001.
Lemoine, Ned. Phone interview. January 2003.
Lindley, Calvin. Interview. August 2001.
Logan, Randy. Phone and e-mail interviews. September 2003.
Mayes, Charles. Phone interview. January 2003.
Murphy, Tom. Phone interview. January 2002.
Nash, Art. Phone interview. September 2001.
Phillips, Larry. Phone and e-mail interviews. December 2001.
Razzi, Jim. E-mail interview. December 2002.
Richards, Gary. Phone interview. February 2003.
Rumore, Peggy. Phone and e-mail interviews. July 2001.
Rylee, James. Interview. May 2001.
Sambolin, Alex. Phone interview. October 2005.
Schouten, Robby. E-mail interview. February 2006.
Schrader, Bill. Phone interview. February 2002.
Shields, William. Interview. May 2001.
Spencer, Wilfred. Interview. December 2001.
Ussery, Emerson. Interview. October 2001; phone interview. December 2001.
Veronelli, Ed. Interview. January 2002.
Walhout, Gerrit. Phone interview. August 2001.
Warren, Glen. Phone interview. January 2003.
Wikander, Paul. Phone interview. December 2001.
Wise, Margaret. Phone interview. July 2002.
Front and Back cover Ocean Wave Microsoft.
Back Cover U.S. Marine Corps photograph by Corporal Matthew D. Kell.
Book Design by 1106 Design
www.1106design.com
Figure 1
. Mapping Solutions
www.mapmakers.com
Figure 2
. ONA DC-9 Operations Manual.
Figure 3
. Mapping Solutions
www.mapmakers.com
Figure 4
. Mapping Solutions
www.mapmakers.com
Figure 5
. Photograph courtesy Balsey DeWitt.
Figure 6
. Picture originally appeared in a Curaçao newspaper.
Figure 7
. Photograph courtesy Hugh Hart.
Figure 8
. Photograph courtesy Christina Razzi.
Figure 9
. Photograph courtesy Emerson Ussery.
Figure 10
. Photograph courtesy Israel Kruger.
Figure 11
. Photograph courtesy Jeannie Larmony.
Figure 12
. Photograph courtesy Rick Arnold.
Figure 13
. Photograph courtesy Peggy Rumore.
Figure 14
. ONA Annual Report.
Figure 15
. Official Coast Guard photograph.
Figure 16
. Official Coast Guard photograph.
Figure 17
. Defense Visual Information Center, Riverside, California.
Figure 18
. Photograph courtesy Jim Rylee.
Figure 19
. Photograph courtesy John Barber.
Figure 20
. Photograph courtesy Bill Shields.
Figure 21
. Official Navy photograph courtesy Bill Brazzell.
Figure 22
. Photograph courtesy John Barber.
Figure 23
. Photograph courtesy Tom Blank.
Figure 24
. Photograph courtesy Bill Shields.
Figure 25
. Photograph courtesy Carmond Fitzgerald.
Figure 26
. ONA Annual Report.
Figure 27
. Photograph courtesy Tawa Irausquin.
Figure 28
. Photograph courtesy Dick Baker.
Figure 29
. ONA Publication.
Figure 30
. Photograph courtesy Ed Veronelli.
Figure 31
. U.S. Navy photograph by Lt. Dan Kneisler.
Figure 32
. Defense Visual Information Center, Riverside, California.
Figure 33
. Defense Visual Information Center, Riverside, California.
Figure 34
. Photograph by author.
Figure 35
. Photograph by author.
Figure 36
. Photograph by author.
Figure 37
. Photograph courtesy Alex Alberto.
Figure 38
. Photograph courtesy Alex Alberto.
Figure 39
. Photograph courtesy Robert Abraham.
Figure 40
. Photograph courtesy Bill Bohlke Jr.
Figure 41
. Photograph courtesy Michel Drenthe.
Author photograph by Brian Brinkley.
T
HE IDEA FOR WRITING THIS BOOK CAME ABOUT DUR
ing a training class as a new pilot for TWA. Our class of eight new hires was given the task of watching videos on a number of topics, such as weather radar and hazardous materials. While these were important and necessary topics, I'll be the first to admit that it was a struggle to keep my eyes open once the lights were turned off. This all changed when the instructor shoved in a videotape about an aircraft that was forced to ditch in the Caribbean Sea.
There was nothing special about the video. It was mostly narration over crudely drawn graphics. But I remember sitting there as if I were watching a Steven Spielberg blockbuster. The other pilots were equally engrossed.
That night, I logged on to the Internet and started searching for more information. I was certain that someone must have written a book about this flight. But I found little information and no book. I decided that I wanted to know more about the accident and, more importantly, more about the people who were affected by this
tragedy. Thus began a five-year odyssey that would take me across the country and eventually to the southern reaches of the Caribbean.
During my research for this story, I discovered that there had been attempts by other authors to tell this story. Unfortunately for them, these attempts were made before the advent of the Internet. It was through the Internet that I was able to track down the numerous people involved in this story. I used e-mail to interview people as far away as Germany, Curaçao, and the Netherlands. Others, like the granddaughter of Jeannie Larmony, found me through my web site after they did an Internet search on the accident.