A Beautiful Mind (87 page)

20
. From “Waking in the Blue”; also Duchane, interview.

21
. Letter from R. Lowell to
E.
Bishop; also “Waking in the Blue.”

22
. Seymour Krim, “The Insanity Bit,” in
View of a Nearsighted Cannoneer
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1968).

23
. Al Vasquez, interview, 6.17.97.

24
. Z. Levinson, interview.

25
. Vasquez, interview.

26
. Garsia, interview.

27
. Jürgen Moser, interview, 3.23.96.

28
. Duchane, interview.

29
. George Mackey, interview, 12.14.95.

30
. Herta Newman, interview, 3.2.96.

31
. Felix Browder, interview, 1.2.95.

32
. Gian-Carlo Rota, interview, 10.29.94.

33
. Garsia, interview.

34
. This is Jerome Lettvin’s term, Jerome Lettvin, professor of electrical engineering, MIT, interview, 7.25.97.

35
. John McCarthy, interview, 2.4.96.

36
. Arthur Mattuck, interview, 11.7.95.

37
. I am assuming that Nash’s treatment was similar to that of other patients and have based my account on the recollections of Paul Howard, clinical director of McLean at the time, as well as other McLean staffers, including Joseph Brenner, psychiatrist, interview, 7.25.97; Cain, interview; Kahne, interview.

38
. Letter from A. W. Stearns to B. Bradley, 5.20.59.

39
. Kahne, interview.

40
. Brenner, interview, 7.23.97.

41
. Z. Levinson, interview.

42
. Cohen, interview; F. Browder, interview.

43
. Francine M. Benes, psychiatrist, McLean Hospital, interview, 2.13.96.

44
. See, for example, Mariani, op. cit., and Hamilton, op. cit.

45
. Kahne, interview; also Howard, interview.

46
. Kahne, interview.

47
. Howard, interview.

48
. Brenner, interview.

49
. Z. Levinson, interview.

50
. Isadore Singer, interview, 12.13.95.

51
. Letter from A. W. Stearns to B. Bradley, 5.20.59.

52
. Duchane, interview.

53
. Letter from A. W. Stearns to B. Bradley, 5.20.59.

54
. Taffy’ Griffiths, physician, Princeton, 5.20.59, and interview, 7.95.

55
. Notes of a telephone conversation between A. Warren Stearns and Bernard E. Bradley, attorney, 5.13.59. In an interview (8.19.97), Bradley said that he handled many similar cases, but did not recall Nash.

56
. The sketch of A. Warren Stearns is based on a biographical essay provided by the Tufts University archives; an interview with his son Charles Stearns, 3.14.96; and an interview with Paul Samuelson, who knew Stearns, 3.15.96.

57
. A. W. Stearns and B. Bradley phone conversation, 5.14.59.

58
. Letter from A. W. Stearns to B. Bradley, 5.20.59.

59
. Ibid.

60
. Letter from Robert A. Grimes, attorney, Hardy, Hall & Grimes, to A. Warren Stearns, 6.18.59.

61
. Letter from A. W. Stearns to B. Bradley, 5.20.59.

62
. Ibid.

37: Mad Hatter’s Tea

1
. Emma Duchane, interview, 6.26.97. The sketch of Alicia Nash and the final months of her pregnancy are based on this.

2
. Confidential source.

3
. Confidential source.

4
. Michael Artin, interview, 12.12.95.

5
. Confidential source.

6
. Zipporah Levinson, interview, 9.11.95.

7
. Al Vasquez, interview, 6.17.97.

8
. Letter from John Nash to Lars Hörmander, undated (arrived around 6.1.59).

9
. Gaby Borel, interview, 9.94.

10
. John Nash, plenary lecture, World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, 8.26.96, op. cit.

11
. Paul Samuelson, interview, 3.16.97.

12
. Z. Levinson, interview.

13
. William Ted Martin, interview, 9.7.95.

14
. A. Warren Stearns, note for file, 6.15.59.

15
. Samuelson, interview.

16
. Letter from Henry Y. Wan, Jr., to author, 6.5.96.

17
. Enrique Larde, interview, 12.21.95.

18
. John Danskin, interview, 10.19.95.

19
. Alicia Nash, interview, 7.1.97.

Part Four: THE LOST YEARS

38: Citoyen du Monde

1
. Postcard from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 7.18.59.

2
. Ibid., 7.20.59.

3
. Janet Flanner,
Paris Journal 1944–1965
(New York: Atheneum, 1965).

4
. John Moore, interview, 10.6.97.

5
. Alicia Nash, interview, 8.15.97.

6
. Odette Larde, interview, 12.8.95.

7
.
International Herald Tribune,
7.10.59, 7.11.59, 7.12.59, 8.7.59.

8
. Interviews with Joseph Baratta, historian, 8.12.97; Francis Bourne, 8.12.97; David Gallup, attorney, 8.12.97.

9
.
New York Times,
5.27.48; Garry Davis, World Citizen Foundation, interview, 8.13.97. See also Art Buchwald,
I’ll Always Have Paris
(New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons, 1996), and Garrv Davis,
Mv Countrv Is the World: The Adventures of a World Citizen
(New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons, 1961).

10
.
New York Times,
9.18.48.

11
.
International Herald Tribune,
6.16.49.

12
. Buchwald, op. cit.

13
.
International Herald Tribune,
6.16.49.

14
. Louis Sass,
Madness and Modernism,
op. cit., pp. 324–25.

15
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 7.29.59.

16
. Section 1481 of the 1941 Immigration and Naturalization Act.

17
. Edward A. Betancourt, Overseas Citizens Services, Immigration and Naturalization Service, interview, 8.26.97.

18
. 1941 Immigration and Naturalization Act.

19
. John Nash, plenary lecture, World Congress of Psychiatry, Madrid, 8.26.96, op. cit.

20
. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 3.29.96.

21
. Armand Borel, interview, 3.1.96.

22
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 7.31.59.

23
. Ibid.

24
. Denis Brian,
Einstein: A Life,
op. cit.

25
.
International Herald Tribune,
various issues, August 1959.

26
. John Nash, plenary lecture, op. cit.

27
. See, for example, Paul Hofmann,
Switzerland
(New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1994).

28
. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,
Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus
(New York: Penguin, 1985).

29
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 8.12.59.

30
. As quoted by Sass, op. cit.

31
. Letter from John Nash to Lars Hörmander, 2.10.60.

32
. Zurbuchen, Le Directeur, Contrôle de l’Habitant, Geneva, 9.29.59, provided by Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv.

33
. Franz Kafka,
The Castle
(New York: Scholastic Books, 1992), with an introduction by Irving Howe.

34
. Ibid.

35
. Ibid.

36
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 9.28.59.

37
. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of July 28, 1951, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva.

38
. Zurbuchen, op. cit.

39
. Ibid.

40
. Direktion der Eidg. Militarverwaltung, Berne to Controle de l’Habitant, Geneva, 11.21.59.

41
. John Nash, plenary lecture, op. cit.

42
. Ibid.

43
. Harold Kuhn, interview, 1.95.

44
. John Haslam, as quoted by Sass, op. cit.

45
. Sass, op. cit.

46
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 9.28.59.

47
. Letter from M. Legg to John Nash, 9.59.

48
. A. Nash, interview.

49
. Telegram from Amory Houghton, U.S. ambassador to France, to Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, 12.15.59.

50
. Letter from J. Nash to L. Hörmander, from Paris, 1.18.60.

51
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 10.11.59.

52
. After returning to the U.S., Nash claimed to be a resident of Liechtenstein, which levied no income tax, and refused to sign U.S. tax forms (source: H. Kuhn, interview, 8.92).

53
. O. Larde, interview, 12.8.96.

54
. Letter from John Nash to Virginia Nash, 11.10.59.

55
. The anecdote concerns Paul Erdos and was told by Donald Spencer, interview, 11.28.95.

56
. O. Larde, interview, 12.8.95.

57
. M. Legg, interview, 3.29.96.

58
. Sass, op. cit.

59
. Letter from John Nash to Norbert Wiener, 12.9.95.

60
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 12.13.59.

61
. Franz Kafka,
The Metamorphosis
(New York: Schocken Books, 1995).

62
. Irving Howe introduction, Kafka,
The Castle,
op. cit.

63
. James M. Glass,
Delusion
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985).

64
. Telegram from A. Houghton to C. A. Herter.

65
. Telegram from Henrv S. Villard, U.S. consul to Switzerland, to Secretary of State Christian A. Herter, 12.16.59.

66
. Ibid.

67
. Theodore Friend, obituary of Edward Hill Cox, 8.4.75, Swarthmore College Archive.

68
. A. Nash, interview.

69
. Telegram from A. Houghton to C. A. Herter.

70
. Telegram from H. S. Villard to C. A. Herter.

71
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 12.26.59; O. Larde, interview, 12.8.95.

72
. O. Larde, interview, 12.8.95.

73
. Shiing-shen Chern, professor of mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, interview, 6.17.97.

74
. A. Nash, interview.

75
. “Alexandre Grothendieck,” History of Mathematics Archive, School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, University of St. Andrews, Scotland; see also interviews with Nick Katz, professor of mathematics, Princeton University, 8.26.97; Arthur Mattuck, 9.19.97; Paulo Ribenboim, professor of mathematics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, 9.28.97; Tony Phillips, 8.26.97.

76
. O. Larde, interview, 12.8.85.

77
. A. Nash, interview.

78
. Felix Browder, interview, 9.6.97. See also Larkin Farinholt’s obituary,
New York Times,
7.17.90, for details of his career.

79
. Letter from J. Nash to L. Hörmander, 2.10.60.

80
. John Nash, plenary lecture, op. cit.

81
. Letter from Lars Hörmander to John Nash, 2.12.60.

82
. Postcard from J. Nash to V. Nash, 3.2.60.

83
. John Nash, conversation with author, 6.25.95.

84
. F. Browder, interview.

85
. Ibid.

86
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 3.60.

87
. Michael Artin, interview, 12.12.95.

88
. Al Vasquez, interview, 6.17.97.

89
. Cathleen Morawetz, interview, 2.29.96.

90
. John Danskin, interview, 10.19.95.

91
. M. Legg, interview.

92
. Eleanor Stier, interview, 3.18.96.

93
. Letter from J. Nash to V. Nash, 4.9.60.

94
. Ibid.

95
. Telegram from Allyn C. Donaldson, Department of State, to Virginia Nash, 4.21.60.

96
. Emma Duchane, interview, 4.30.95.

97
. Vasquez, interview.

98
. A. Nash, interview.

99
. C. Davis, interview.

39: Absolute Zero

1
. Alicia Nash, interview, 8.15.97.

2
. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 8.1.95.

3
. Interviews with John Danskin, 10.19 95, and Joyce Davis, 5.30.97.

4
. Handwritten note from Alicia Nash to Joyce Davis, summer 1960.

5
. Odette Larde, interview, 12.7.95.

6
. A. Nash, interview.

7
. Jean-Pierre Cauvin, professor of French, University of Texas at Austin, interview, 8.25.97; also Agnes Sherman, interview, 8.26.96.

8
. O. Larde, interview.

9
. Cauvin, interview.

10
. Danskin, interview.

11
. Ibid.

12
. Elvira Leader, interview, 6.9.95.

13
. Solomon Leader, interview, 6.9.95.

14
. Danskin, interview.

15
. Samuel C. Howell, memorandum to file, 11.10.60.

16
. Notes of conversations between Oskar Morgenstern and Douglas Brown, Princeton University Archives, 11.2.50.

17
. Letter from Raymond J. Woodrow to John F. Nash, Jr., 10.21.60.

18
. Letter from Donald Spencer to Jean Leray, 10.31.60.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Burton Randol, professor of mathematics, City University of New York, interview, 8.26.97.

21
. Ibid.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Ibid.

24
. Confidential source.

25
. Confidential source.