A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (75 page)

Notes

CHAPTER 1: A SAINT IN NAME

¹
M. Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
(Oxford, 1998), 1, 5, 14–16, 22–7; Powicke,
Henry III
, 751–4.

²
Paris, iii, 539–40;
CLR, 1226–40
, 406; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 340.

³
R. Bartlett,
The Making of Europe
(London, 1993), 271–3; D. A. Carpenter, ‘King Henry III and Saint Edward the Confessor: the Origins of the Cult’,
EHR
, 122 (2007), 865–91; Paris, iii, 539–40.

⁴
The Royal Charter Witness Lists of Henry III
, ed. M. Morris, vol. 1 (List and Index Society, 291, 2001), 172–3.

⁵
KW
, i, 120–30; ii, 864–9.

⁶
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 340; M. Prestwich,
Edward I
(London, 1988), 5–6; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 28, 76, 78, 100.

⁷
Ibid., 29, 35–7, 76, 99.

⁸
Ibid., 30, 35, 45; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 5.

⁹
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 27, 32; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 5.

¹⁰
Ibid.; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 24–6, 30–2;
CR, 1237–42
, 308 (with thanks to David Carpenter).

¹¹
Paris, iv, 553; N. Orme,
From Childhood to Chivalry
(London, 1984), 5–7.

¹²
Ibid., 16; M. T Clanchy,
From Memory to Written Record
(2nd edn, Oxford, 1993), 2.

¹³
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 6; Carpenter,
Struggle
, 9; Orme,
From Childhood to Chivalry
, 124–5.

¹⁴
Carpenter, ‘King Henry III and Saint Edward the Confessor’, 885–6

¹⁵
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 7, 82–4.

¹⁶
M. Keen,
Chivalry
(New Haven and London, 1984), 2, 11, 37, 52, 99, 104, 158–9.

¹⁷
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 71–4, 76; Prestwich,
Edward I, 6;
Paris, iv, 639. See also
CLR, 1240–45
, 286.

¹⁸
Prestwich,
Edward I, 6
–7;
DNB
, xxvi, 470.

¹⁹
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 27–8, 31–4, 42–3; Davies,
Empire
, 120.

²⁰
P. D. A. Harvey,
Mappa Mundi: The Hereford World Map
(London, 1996),
passim
; J. Gillingham,
1215: The Year of Magna Carta
(London, 2003), 233–54.

²¹
Keen,
Chivalry
, 44–63; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades, 1095–1588
(Chicago and London, 1988), 8–14; S. Lloyd,
English Society and the Crusade, 1216–1307
(Oxford, 1988), 9, 245.

²²
DNB
, xlvi, 705; N. Denholm-Young,
Richard of Cornwall
(Oxford, 1947), 22, 39, 44; Paris, iv, 147, 166–7.

²³
Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 111–17.

²⁴
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 106–16, 137–8, 213–23.

²⁵
Ibid., 191–5, 263–70, 307, 345.

²⁶
Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 9–14, 32–6, 38, 55–6, 61–2; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 7–8.

²⁷
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 9–10, 21–9, 107–10.

²⁸
Ibid., 29–31, 78–9, 105, 110–12, 348.

²⁹
Ibid., 112–19.

³⁰
Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 113; Maddicott,
Montfort
, 114–16.

³¹
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 310, 348–50; D. Crook, ‘The Sheriff of Nottingham and Robin Hood: the Genesis of the Legend?’,
TCE
, ii (1988), 59–68.

³²
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 260, 272, 292; Kaeuper,
Bankers
, 259; J. R. Maddicott, ‘“An Infinite Multitude of Nobles”: Quality, Quantity and Politics in the Pre-Reform Parliaments of Henry III’,
TCE
, vii (1999), 17–46.

³³
Paris, v, 335.

³⁴
Ibid., 313–14; Powicke,
Henry III
, 231.

³⁵
Maddicott,
Montfort
, 120; Paris, v, 383.

³⁶
J. C. Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
(New York, 1995), 12–14.

³⁷
Ibid.; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 11; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 126.

³⁸
Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 3–4; M. Howell, ‘Royal Women of England and France in the Mid-Thirteenth Century: A Gendered Perspective’,
England and Europe in the Reign of Henry III (1216–1272)
, ed. B. K. U. Weiler and I. W. Rowlands (Aldershot, 2002), 167.

³⁹
Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, 9, 15–16.

⁴⁰
Studd,
Itinerary
, 8; Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 8.

⁴¹
Ibid., 11.

⁴²
Ibid., 8–11.

⁴³
J. R. Studd, ‘The Lord Edward and King Henry III’,
BIHR
, 50 (1977), 4–19.

⁴⁴
Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 12;
CR, 1254–56
, 219–20.

⁴⁵
CR, 1254–56
, 128; J. C. Parsons, ‘The Year of Eleanor of Castile’s Birth and her Children by Edward I’,
Mediaeval Studies
, xlvi (1984), 257;
RWH
, 167–8 (nos. 1618–19).

⁴⁶
Paris, v, 513–14;
Rôles Gascons
, éd. Francisque-Michel and C. Bémont (4 vols., Paris, 1885–1906), i (suppl), 38–9 (no. 4554).

⁴⁷
E. L. G. Stones,
Edward I
(Oxford, 1968), 2 (a translation of Trivet, 281–2); J. Ayloffe, ‘An Account of the Body of King Edward the First’,
Archaeologia
, iii (1786), 385;
EHD
, iii, 236;
Political Songs
, 223;
Commendatio
, 5.

⁴⁸
Studd,
Itinerary
, 27–9; Paris, v, 527.

⁴⁹
Ibid., 538–9.

⁵⁰
Ibid., 513–15.

⁵¹
DNB
, xxix, 418; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 54–5.

⁵²
Ibid., 55, 57–8, 66–70, 141.

⁵³
H. W. Ridgeway, ‘Foreign Favourites and Henry III’s Problems of Patronage, 1247–1258’,
EHR
104 (1989), 601–2; idem, ‘The Lord Edward and the Provisions of Oxford (1258): A Study in Faction’,
TCE
, i (1986), 90.

⁵⁴
Paris, v, 557, 609; N. Denholm-Young, ‘The Tournament in the Thirteenth Century’,
Collected Papers
(Cardiff, 1969), 95–120. In general, see D. Crouch,
Tournament
(London, 2005).

⁵⁵
Studd,
Itinerary
, 30.

⁵⁶
K. Staniland, ‘The Nuptials of Alexander III of Scotland and Margaret Plantagenet’,
Nottingham Medieval Studies
, 30 (1986), 20–45.

⁵⁷
R. R. Davies,
Domination and Conquest
(Cambridge, 1990), 51; idem,
Empire
, 156–7 (cf. Duncan,
Kingship
, 173–4).

⁵⁸
Studd,
Itinerary
, 30; R. R. Davies,
The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063– 1415
(new edn, Oxford, 2000), 17; idem, ‘The Peoples of Britain and Ireland, 1100–1400: IV. Language and Historical Mythology’,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 6th series, vii (1997), 1–24.

⁵⁹
Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 58–9, 70–1, 120–1, 230–1, 267–8.

⁶⁰
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 106–9; Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 12–15, 267–70.

⁶¹
King John, however, did marry his bastard daughter Joan to Llywelyn the Great. Ibid., 249.

⁶²
Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 236–51 300–7; Smith,
Llywelyn
, 58–9, 77–84; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 145–6.

⁶³
Studd,
Itinerary
, 30–1; Paris, v, 574–5.

⁶⁴
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 15–16; Paris, v, 593–4, 598; Studd,
Itinerary
, 32.

⁶⁵
R. C. Stacey, ‘Crusades, Crusaders and the Baronial
Gravamina
of 1263–1264’,
TCE
, iii (1991), 143–8; D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Gold Treasure of King Henry III’,
The Reign of Henry III
(London, 1996), 120; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 130–4, 138–45.

⁶⁶
Ibid., 49–54, 140, 274–5.