A Trust Betrayed (39 page)

15
. Memorandum for the Record by Elizabeth Betz, supervisory chemist, Camp Lejeune Quality Control Lab, Environmental Section, “Briefing Col Millice on April's Trihalomethane Analysis,” May 25, 1982.

16
. Bruce A. Babson, Grainger Laboratories, to “Commanding General,” Camp Lejeune, “Analyses of Samples 206 and 207 from Site Coded ‘TT' and Samples 208 and 209 from Site Coded ‘HP',” August 10, 1982.

17
. Interview with Bruce Babson, Camp Lejeune Environmental Fact-Finding Group, August 19, 2004.

18
. Testimony of Michael C. Hargett, Hearing Before the House Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, “Camp Lejeune: Contamination and Compensation, Looking Back, Moving Forward,” September 16, 2010, transcript at US Government Printing Office, Federal Digital System,
www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg58485/html/CHRG-111hhrg58485.htm
.

19
. Memorandum from Elizabeth Betz, supervisory chemist, Camp Lejeune Quality Control Lab, Environmental Section, to Danny Sharpe, supervisory ecologist, Environmental Section, “Grainger Laboratories Letter of 10 August 1982,” August 19, 1982; Betz interview.

20
. Hearing Before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, “Poisoned Patriots: Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune,” June 12, 2007, transcript at US Government Printing Office, Federal Digital System,
www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg37793/html/CHRG-110hhrg37793.htm
.

21
. US Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, BUMED Instruction 6240.3B, September 30, 1963.

22
. William R. Levesque, “No Evidence Marine Corps Conducted Critical Water Test at Camp Lejeune,”
Tampa Bay Times
, February 3, 2013,
www.tampabay.com/news/military/no-evidence-marine-corps-conducted-critical-water-test-at-camp-lejeune/1273599
.

23
. Captain Kendra N. Motz, media officer, Division of Public Affairs, US Marine Corps, “Marine Corps' Full Response to NBC News Regarding Water Contamination at Camp Lejeune,” February 21, 2013.

24
. Memorandum for the Record by Elizabeth Betz, supervisory chemist, Camp Lejeune Quality Control Lab, Environmental Section, “Results of 18 March 1982 Sampling of Suspected Chemical Dump,” September 8, 1982.

25
. Memorandum by Bruce Babson, Grainger Laboratories, “Analysis of Samples Received 12/2/82,” December 9, 1982.

26
. SCS Engineers, Reston, Virginia, “Final Report, Oil Pollution Survey for Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune,” March 31, 1977 (only the cover sheet is available).

27
. Memorandum by J. G. Leech, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Recommended Corrective Actions for Remaining Known Wastewater/Oil Environmental Deficiencies,” February 8, 1979.

28
. Memorandum by J. G. Leech, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Monitoring of Leachate from Solid Waste and Chemical Landfills,” September 7, 1978.

29
. O'Brien and Gere, report to Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Product Recovery System Design, Hadnot Point Fuel Farm, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune,” October 1989.

30
. Report by Cal Ingram, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Condition Survey, POL [Petroleum, Oil, Lubricants] Facilities, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina,” June 27, 1980.

31
. Wallace Eakes, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Trip Report for Water and Air Research at Camp Lejeune,” March 7–21, 1982; Memorandum by J. R. Bailey, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Pesticide Analysis of Soil Samples, MCB Camp Lejeune,” June 4, 1982.

32
. Initial Assessment Study, NACIP Program, Camp Lejeune, Water and Air Research, Inc., for Naval Facilities Engineering Command, June 1982.

33
. Memorandum by L. L. Scudder, Environmental Law Counsel, Office of Staff Judge Advocate, Camp Lejeune, “Hazardous Wastes,” October 6, 1982.

34
. Memorandum by J. G. Wallmeyer, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, “Official Telephone Call (outgoing),” November 22, 1982.

35
. Environmental Protection Agency, National Priorities List Fact Sheet, Wurtsmith Air Force Base, February 2012; Environmental Protection Agency, Current Site Information,
Naval Air Development Center Warminster, January 2013; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Assessment, Willow Grove Naval Air Station, May 2002.

36
. GAO, “Activities Related to Past Drinking Water Contamination,” 64; Letter from Colonel M. G. Lilley, assistant chief of staff, Facilities, Camp Lejeune, to Charles Rundgren, chief of Water Supply Branch, North Carolina Department of Human Resources, Division of Health Services, December 12, 1983.

37
. Memorandum from W. R. Price, Utilities System Operator General Foreman, to Director of the Utilities Branch, “Inadequate Raw Water Supply at Tarawa Terrace and Camp Johnson,” March 30, 1983.

5: T
ROUBLE AT
T
ARAWA
T
ERRACE

1
. Quotations from Jeff Byron and other details of his family's story in this chapter are from interviews with the author, 2013; “Statement of Jeff Byron,” Camp Lejeune Toxic Water: The Few, the Proud, the Forgotten,
http://tftptf.com/CLW_Docs/JeffByronStory.pdf
; Jen Roppel, “Marine Seeks Answers in Lejeune Pollution Case,” Cox News Service, October 2, 2002; Testimony of Jeff Byron, Hearing Before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, “Poisoned Patriots: Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune,” June 12, 2007, transcript at US Government Printing Office, Federal Digital System,
www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg37793/html/CHRG-110hhrg37793.htm
.

2
. The Ensmingers' story and quotations are from numerous author interviews; Lloyd Grove, “Semper Fi: Always Faithful: A Father's Searing Take on a Marine Corps Coverup,”
Daily Beast
, April 24, 2011,
www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/04/24/semper-fi-always-faithful-ensmingers-tribeca-film-on-a-marine-corps-cover-up.html
; Testimony of Jerry Ensminger, Hearing Before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, “Poisoned Patriots: Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune,” June 12, 2007, transcript at US Government Printing Office, Federal Digital System,
www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg37793/html/CHRG-110hhrg37793.htm
.

3
. Interview with Rick Shiver, Camp Lejeune Environmental Fact-Finding Group, May 28 and June 25, 2004.

4
. Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., “Confirmation Study to Determine Existence and Possible Migration of Specific Chemicals in Situ,” Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, May 1984.

5
. “Environmental Study Kicks-Off,”
The Globe
, Camp Lejeune, June 1984.

6
. Shiver interview.

7
. Memorandum by Elizabeth Betz, supervisory chemist, Camp Lejeune Quality Control Lab, Environmental Section, “Water Monitoring Related to the Installation Restoration Program,” April 11, 1989.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Action Brief by M. G. Lilley, assistant chief of staff for facilities, Camp Lejeune, “Alternatives for Providing Water to the Tarawa Terrace Area,” March 1, 1985.

10
. Memorandum by Julian Wooten, director of environmental affairs, to assistant chief of staff, “Standards for Certain Types of Volatile Organic Compounds Found in Drinking Water Wells,” March 11, 1985.

11
. “Environmental Study Kicks-Off”; Florida Division of State Fire Marshal Report, Case No. 99–0110, January 8, 1999.

12
. Major General L. H. Buehl, Camp Lejeune commanding general, “Notice to Residents of Tarawa Terrace,” April 30, 1985.

13
. Richard F. Smith, “Chemicals Discovered in Lejeune Water Wells,”
Jacksonville Daily News
, May 10, 1985.

14
. Donna Long and Shannon Brennan, “Base Closes Ten Wells; Wastes Found,”
Wil mington (N.C.) Morning Star
, May 11, 1985.

15
. Byron House Testimony.

16
. Grove, “Semper Fi.”

17
. Ensminger House Testimony; Ensminger interview.

6: A P
ERILOUS
M
ESS

1
. New York State Department of Health, Office of Public Health, “Love Canal, Public Health Time Bomb,” Special Report to the Governor and Legislature, September 1978,
www.health.ny.gov/environmental/investigations/love_canal/lctimbmb.htm
.

2
. Government Accountability Office, “Superfund: Interagency Agreements and Improved Project Management Needed to Achieve Cleanup Progress at Key Defense Installations,” GAO-10–348, July 15, 2010,
www.gao.gov/new.items/d10348.pdf
.

3
. William Powell, “Remember Times Beach: The Dioxin Disaster, 30 Years Later,”
St. Louis Magazine
, December 2012,
www.stlmag.com/St-Louis-Magazine/December-2012/Remember-Times-Beach-The-Dioxin-Disaster-30-Years-Later/
.

4
. Memorandum from R. A. Tiebout, assistant chief of staff for facilities, Camp Lejeune, to commanding general, “Graphic Description of the Aquifer for Camp Lejeune and the City of Jacksonville,” June 5, 1985.

5
. Memo to File by Gold Johnson, utilities director, Camp Lejeune, June 21, 1985.

6
. Memo from Bob Alexander, environmental engineer, Camp Lejeune, to Marine Corps headquarters, “Analyses of Camp Lejeune Water Supply,” May 31, 1985.

7
. Testimony of Thomas Sinks, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Hearing Before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, “Poisoned Patriots: Contaminated Drinking Water at Camp Lejeune,” June 12, 2007, transcript at US Government Printing Office, Federal Digital System,
www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg37793/html/CHRG-110hhrg37793.htm
.

8
. US Geological Survey, Raleigh, North Carolina, “An Appraisal of the Ground-Water Resources of Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base,” August 14, 1985.

9
. Letter from Charles Wakild, regional supervisor, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, to Major General L. H. Buehl, commanding general of Camp Lejeune, “Notice of Violation, Groundwater Classification and Standards,” May 15, 1985.

10
. Letter from Major General L. H. Buehl, commanding general of Camp Lejeune, to Charles Wakild, regional supervisor, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, “Notice of Violation, Groundwater Classification and Standards,” July 19, 1985.

11
. Jerry Allegood, “Civilians, Military Investigating Waste Dumps at Camp Lejeune,”
Raleigh (N.C.)News and Observer
, September 15, 1985.

12
. Memorandum from Chuck Wakild, regional supervisor, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, to Perry Nelson, chief of the groundwater section, “Mr. Larry Fitzpatrick's Inquiry, Groundwater Quality Problems, Camp Lejeune,” October 8, 1985.

13
. Rick Shiver, hydrogeologist, Wilmington Regional Office, North Carolina Division of Environmental Management, “An Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Sources at the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune,” October 1985.

14
. Memorandum from R. A. Tiebout, assistant chief of staff for facilities, Camp Lejeune, to commanding general, “State of North Carolina Data on Tarawa Terrace Water Supply Wells,” November 6, 1985; Memorandum from Julian Wooten, director of environmental affairs,
Camp Lejeune, to Bob Alexander, environmental engineer, “Analysis of Drinking Water Systems Aboard Camp Lejeune,” January 24, 1986.

15
. Memorandum by Rear Admiral J. B. Finkelstein, US Navy chief of information, “Public Affairs Guidance—Hazardous Waste Site Cleanup,” July 1, 1986.

16
. Rick Shiver, notes on meeting at Camp Lejeune, July 31, 1986.

17
. O'Brien & Gere, “Contaminated Ground Water Study, Hadnot Point Area, Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune,” December 1988; Minutes of Technical Review Committee meeting at Camp Lejeune, February 20, 1992;
EPA
Superfund Record of Decision, Camp Lejeune,
EPA
ID: NC6170022580, September 24, 1993; Site Management Plan for Camp Lejeune, prepared for the US Navy by Baker Environmental, Coraopolis, Pennsylvania, September 29, 1993; letter from L. L. Scudder, environmental law counsel, to the US Navy Judge Advocate General's office, Camp Lejeune, October 6, 1982; Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., “Confirmation Study to Determine Existence and Possible Migration of Specific Chemicals In Situ,” Camp Lejeune, May 1984.

18
. Cheryl McMorris, North Carolina Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management Branch, “Site Inspection Report,” ABC One-Hour Cleaners, May 27, 1987.

19
. Letter from A. P. Tokarz, US Navy Judge Advocate General's office, to Lee Crosby, North Carolina Office of Attorney General, February 8, 1988; Environmental Protection Agency, Site Summary Profile, NCD024644494, ABC One-Hour Cleaners, updated April 2013.