A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English (37 page)
Read A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English Online
Authors: Dr. Edward Woods,Rudy Coppieters
2.3. Describing emotions 1
Sections 306–308; 499
Task one *
1–e; 2–i; 3–g; 4–a; 5–l; 6–b; 7–c; 8–k; 9–d; 10–f; 11–h; 12–j
Task two **
1.
AMAZINGLY most passengers of the crashed airliner escaped unhurt.
2.
I would like to buy a flat, and PREFERABLY (to have) one with a good view.
3.
TRAGICALLY, five skiers died in the avalanche.
4.
Barbara FOOLISHLY carried thousands of dollars in her handbag.
5.
UNFORTUNATELY too little is being done to protect the environment.
6.
REGRETTABLY some people failed to appreciate my point of view.
7.
LUCKILY I was not at home when the gas explosion occurred.
8.
The government SENSIBLY launched a new campaign against drink-driving.
9.
HOPEFULLY the economy will pick up again later this year.
10.
The minister UNEXPECTEDLY handed in his resignation.
Task three **
Max: | ……….. I’m afraid. Putting it more bluntly ………… |
Nora: | …………… to be honest. |
Max: | ………….. you see. What’s more …………. |
Nora: | ……………, I believe, …………….. |
Max: | You bet ………….. |
Nora: | ………………., so to speak, ………….. ……………., I’m sure. |
Max: | ….., I see. …………….. |
2.4. Describing emotions 2
Sections 309–318; 722–723
Task one **
1. sitting; 2. to drive; 3. walking – cycling; 4. cooking; 5. to be; 6. performing/to perform; 7. sack(ing) – to introduce; 8. to say; 9. going; 10. to work; 11. being; 12. travelling – staying / to travel – to stay
Task two **
Basic emotion: 1. E; 2. G; 3. F; 4. B; 5. A; 6. C; 7. D; 8. E; 9. G; 10. C Stronger emotion: 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b; 6. a; 7. b; 8. b; 9. a; 10. a
Task three ***
Walt: | Viv, I’m LOOKING FORWARD to indulging in a five-course dinner this evening. |
Viv, I’m EAGER to indulge in a five-course dinner this evening. | |
Viv: | UNFORTUNATELY you’ll be stuffing yourself with fattening food again. |
It’s unfortunate that you’ll be stuffing yourself with fattening food again. | |
Walt: | I THINK IT’S STRANGE THE WAY you envy people who like a hearty meal from time to time. |
IT’S SURPRISING THE WAY you envy people who like a hearty meal from time to time. | |
Viv: | THE WAY more and more of those people are becoming overweight these days IS DISTURBING. |
I’M CONCERNED THAT more and more of those people are becoming overweight these days. | |
Walt: | HOPEFULLY, that’s not going to happen to me. |
That’s not going to happen to me, I HOPE. | |
Viv: | I’M SORRY you don’t seem to realize that too much food is bad for your health. |
IT’S A PITY you don’t seem to realize that too much food is bad for your health. | |
Walt: | I’M SURPRISED you don’t realize that I’m taking a lot of exercise now. |
SURPRISINGLY you don’t realize that I’m taking a lot of exercise now. | |
Viv: | I’M GLAD you’ve at least changed that part of your lifestyle. |
IT’S GOOD you’ve at least changed that part of your lifestyle. | |
Walt: | IT’S A PITY some of the physical activities make me feel exhausted. |
WHAT A PITY some of the physical activities make me feel exhausted. | |
Viv: | HOPEFULLY, as you lose weight, the activities will seem lighter too. |
I HOPE THAT, as you lose weight, the activities will seem lighter too. |
UNIT THREE
Structure
3.1. Clauses
Sections 486–495; 151; 170; 198; 202–204; 211; 499; 573–577; 588; 613; 686; 718; 724; 727; 737; 739
Task one **
1. SVO[A]; 2. SV; 3. SVO; 4. SVOO; 5. SVOO[AA]; 6. SVC[A]; 7. SVC; 8. [A]SVA; 9. SVO; 10. SVC
Task two *
1.
when you’ve finished
: finite; 2.
ignoring the accident
: non-finite; 3.
babies among them
: verbless; 4.
to work for the charity
: non-finite; 5.
covered in mud
: non-finite; 6.
angered by the manager’s attitude
: non-finite –
to resign
her job: non-finite; 7.
happy with the result
: verbless; 8.
sending lots of Christmas cards
: non-finite; 9.
him to leave
: non-finite; 10.
opening an art gallery in such a small town
: non-finite –
to do
: non-finite
Task three **
1. comparative: conjSV; 2. comment: VC; 3. nominal: conjSVO; 4. adverbial: [A]SV; 5. relative: SVC; 6. comparative: conj SVA; 7. comment: VC; 8. relative: SVC; 9. adverbial: conjSVO; 10. nominal: conjSV[AA]
3.2. Combinations of verbs
Section 739; 735–737
Task one *
1. can do; 2. could have been; 3. are never going; 4. must have been built; 5. is being completed; 6. has been working; 7. has already seen; 8. can’t be going; 9. might have gone; 10. hasn’t made
Task two **
1. must have got up; 2. hadn’t arrived; 3. was only just getting; 4. had been intending; 5. couldn’t believe it; 6. were still locked; 7. should have remembered; 8. had been locked away; 9. would only be opened; 10. had been made; 11. had been losing; 12. hadn’t done; 13. had lost; 14. couldn’t
UNIT FOUR
Determiners
4.1. Count and non-count nouns
Sections 57–69; 510; 597–601
Task one **
set of keys; clump of trees; herd of cows; crowd of people; pack of wolves; swarm of bees; flock of sheep; stack of chairs; bundle of clothes; shoal of fish
Task two **
Note: some items may be interchangeable (e.g. ‘load’ and ‘pile’)
blade of grass; lump of sugar; cup of tea; block of ice; slice of bread; load of hay; pile of dust; sheet of paper; length of string; bottle of wine; piece of cake
Task three **
count nouns:
bank
;
book
;
carrot
;
engineer
;
group
;
joke
;
quarrel
;
year
non-count nouns:
advice
;
behaviour
;
butter
;
clothing
;
conduct
;
education
;
furniture
;
homework
;
information
;
money
;
news
;
progress
;
scenery
;
shopping
count & non-count nouns:
ceramic
;
cheese
;
fruit
;
industry
;
language
;
night
;
variety
;
work
Task four **
1. pile; 2. bottles (or: glasses); 3. scraps; 4. flock; 5. clump; 6. haze; 7. cup; 8. piece; 9. herds; 10. flocks
Task five **
1. information; 2. is; 3. work; 4. needs; 5. variety; 6. skills; 7. need; 8. engineers; 9. have; 10. language; 11. experience; 12. management;
13. advice; 14. has; 15. help; 16. situations; 17. seem; 18. weather; 19. is; 20. transportation; 21. is; 22. education; 23. is; 24. methods
Task six **
Vienna; Beijing; (South) Africa; Mayerling: U; past: U; diet: C; cake: U; beef: U; potato: C; dish: C; wine: C; wood: C; sensation: C; apartheid: U; city: C; conversation: C; greatness: U; reference: C; way: C; question: C; rank: U; status: U; influence: U; romantic: C; story: C; prince: C; mistress: C; baroness: C; pact: C; house: C; tale: C; predilection: C; city: C; Sunday: C; grave: C; churchyard: C; command: C; time: U; lady: C; – age: C; affair: C; guest: C; case: C; trace: C; irony: U; daughter: C; bourgeois: C; tram: C; familiar: C; suit: C; middle: shopping: U; bag: C; umbrella: C; toaster: C; electrician: C; stare: C; ketchup: U; charm: C; absurdity: U; cosiness: U; anarchist: C; flesh: U; people: (irregular) plural only; child: C; father: C; majesty: C; day: C; attitude: C; glue: C; flavour: C; adhesive: C; envelope: C
Both C and U: cake; wine; wood; conversation; reference; rank; status; influence; predilection; age; irony; charm; absurdity; majesty; attitude; glue; adhesive
Both C and plural only: people
4.2. Amount and quantity
Sections 70–81; 675–680; 697–699
Task one **
2. (D); 3a. (P); 3b. (P); 4. (P); 7. (D); 10a. (P); 9. (P); 8. (P); 1. (D); 10b. (P); 6. (D); 5. (P)
Task two **
1a. | the staff considered collectively; 1b. the members of staff considered individually ⇒ same basic meaning |
2a. | a number of students (= not all of them); 2b. theoretically, all of them ⇒ different meaning |
3a. | whichever date is chosen (= positive); 2b. neither one date nor the other (= negative) ⇒ different meaning |
4a. | whichever date is chosen (= only one date needs to be chosen); 4b. the two dates suggested (= two dates need to be chosen) ⇒ different meaning (this may depend on context, though) |
5a. | there were some names he couldn’t remember; 5b. there were no names (at all) he could remember ⇒ different meaning |
6a. | a very small number number indeed (= negative); 6b. a relatively small number (= more positive) ⇒ (somewhat) different meaning |
7a. | speak to both my father and my mother (separately); 7b. speak either to my father or to my mother (one of them will do) ⇒ different meaning |
8a. | all the things he said; 8b. some of the things he said ⇒ different meaning |
9a. | neither the speaker nor a second person; 9b. neither the speaker nor a second, third, etc. person ⇒ different (implied) meaning |
10a. | whichever Sunday you choose; 10b. each Sunday without exception ⇒ same basic meaning |
Task three **
1. all; 2. few; 3. many; 4. a few; 5. many; 6. majority of; 7. most; 8. half; 9. majority of; 10. few
Task four ***
1. little (or: not much); 2. a lot of; 3. a majority of; 4. a great deal of; 5. a small number; 6. lot; 7. much; 8. more; 9. a lot; 10. a little
4.3. The use of the article
Sections 82–90; 448; 475; 579; 597; 641; 747
Task one ***
Definite article | |
– | general rule: definite meaning of any type of noun (singular and plural count nouns; mass nouns): |
– | identity established by postmodifier ( |
– | identity established by premodifier ( |
– | unique in the context ( |
– | institution shared by the community ( |
– | second, third, etc. mention ( |
Indefinite article | |
– | general rule: indefinite meaning of singular count nouns |
– | first mention ( |
Zero article | |
– | general rule: indefinite meaning of plural count nouns, plural-only nouns and mass nouns |
– | plural count nouns, both specific and generic ( |
– | plural-only nouns ( |
– | concrete mass nouns, including those preceded by a premodifier, both specific and generic ( |
– | abstract mass nouns, including those preceded by a premodifier, both specific and generic ( |
Task two ***
Other uses:
Definite article: generic use with singular count nouns
Indefinite article: generic use with singular count nouns
Task three **
1. C; 2. A; 3a. C; 3b. D; 4a. D; 4b. D; 4c. D; 4d. C; 5. C; 6a. F; 6b. B; 6c. B
Task four **
a
morose, tubby man
;
by
the
name of
; a
story
; (the)
scum
; a
sympathetic but slightly bored way
; the
gun
; a
car salesman
; a
sale
; the
technical virtues and drawbacks
; the
various models
; an
odd feeling