A Workbook to Communicative Grammar of English (49 page)

8.
The club rules prohibit(ed) members from introducing anyone under the age of eighteen into the club.

9.
The secretary promised the manager the report would be on his desk the next/following morning.

10.
She asked me to get the tickets for her.

UNIT SIXTEEN

Addressing

16.1. Vocatives

Sections 349–350

Task **

1. Dear Sarah; 2. Mr President; 3. Eric; 4. Operator; 5. grandma; 6. Ladies and Gentlemen; 7. Your Honour; 8. darling; 9. Slocombe; 10. Dad; 11. Doctor; 12. Your Excellency

16.2. Commands

Sections 497–498

Task one **

Leave; make; Take; Be; Bear; turn; Cross; climb; Beware; Keep

Task two **

1.
Let me give you another example.

2.
Let’s go for a drink.

3.
Somebody move that stuff out of the way.

4.
Let them eat cake.

5.
Let’s not pretend we support the idea. / Let’s not pretend to support the idea.

6.
Let me warn you just one more time.

7.
Let’s settle the problem once and for all.

8.
Let there be no doubt at all about our resolve.

9.
Let’s move as fast as we can.

10.
Don’t let me detain you any longer.

UNIT SEVENTEEN

Focusing

17.1. Focusing information

Sections 396–401; 744

Task one **

1.
I like Kent, // but I prefer Sussex.

2.
I find / that with so many of these problems – // marriage, // sex education – // as soon as you try to make it a sort of formal lesson, // the whole thing falls flat.

3.
The fact that Burti feels only bruised and battered / after the accident with Schumacher // is a measure of the progress we have made on the safety measure / over the past two seasons.

4.
We had our breakfast in the kitchen // and then we sort of did what we liked.

5.
We took some children / to the environmental study centre the other day, // and they have various animals around there.

6.
And the thing is / that the journalists – // I mean I’ve met some of these people – // they know nothing about the country at all.

7.
Spectator sports are dying out. // I think people are getting choosy. // There’s more to do, of course. // More choice.

8.
Sundays in London. // If we’re all working / or cooking / or things like that, // it can get fearfully dull.

9.
Dave rang me about this business / of changing the groups.

10.
Of course / the children have their own inhibitions / about talking about sex. // They’re just not frank about it.

Task two ***

1. f; 2. a – b – g – g – g; 3. g – a – g; 4. f; 5. g – f; 6. g – c – g; 7. g – g – g – g; 8. g – g – g – a; 9. g; 10. d – g – g

Task three ***

1.
She’s been painting that
door
/
for
three
days now
. (rising – falling)

2.
Sue teaches at the school in
Queen
Street
. (falling)

3.
No
. //
Sue
tea
ches at the school
. //
She’s not the social
se
cretary
. (falling – falling – fall-rise)

4.
A:
That’s a fine
pen
guin
. //
Are you taking it to the
zoo
? (fall-rise – rising)

B:
No
, //
I took it to the zoo
yes
terday
. //
I’m taking it to the
ci
nema today
. (falling – fall-rise – falling)

5.
I saw that film at the
Duke’s
. (falling)

6.
It was the film version of Or
lan
do that I saw at the Duke’s
. (fall-rise)

7.
The
phone’s
ringing
. (falling)

8.
Ivan lives in
Lon
don
/
in
King
Street
. (falling – falling)

He lives in
Lon
don
, //
but he also has an apartment in
Cam
bridge
. (fall-rise – falling)

9.
Can you understand all
that
?
//
If you
can’t
, //
just phone a
gain
. (rising – rising – falling)

10.
I want more
time
, //
more
mo
ney
//
and more
cof
fee
. (rising – rising – falling)

11.
The editor was John
Wrigl
ey
. (falling)

12.
Studio production was by Paul
Moore
;
//
the editor was John
Wrig
ley
. (rising – falling)

Task four **

1.
No
, //
it was the summer be
fore
last
.

2.
Yes, I
have
, //
I’ve been several
times
.

3.
… but only
for
ty-six per cent of the voters
/
replied on
time
.

4.
…, but he’s not a very good
ac
tor
.

5.
I
say
/
he’s just an oppor
tu
nist
/
who arrived at the right
time
.

6.
Yes
. //
And it still drives
well
.

7.
I
hav
en’t
. //
The one I
gave
you
/
was incor
rect
.

8.
…, but the time will
fly
past
.

9.
I have to be hands-
on
.

10.
He’s had four al
rea
dy
.

Task five **

1.
For me perfect happiness is a good meal with good friends.

2.
What I fear most is drowning.

3.
The most obvious one is Queen Victoria, a small lady.

4.
Something I hate is an inability to laugh at yourself.

5.
The only one I have is a car.

6.
Something I love to spend money on is shopping.

7.
My greatest regret is that life is too short.

8.
I hope it will be suddenly and painlessly.

9.
A great form of relaxation is crossword puzzles.

10.
The most important thing I’ve learned is to take each day as it comes.

17.2. Organising information – Given and new information

Sections 402–407

Task one **

1.
“Did they enjoy Singa
pore
?” “
No
, it was raining all the
time
.”

2.
“That’s a
love
ly vase Anne gave you.” “
Joan
gave it to me, not
Anne
.”

3.
The driver wasn’t going very
fast
when he crashed through
the barrier
.

4.
I know you find the noise from the trains dis
tur
bing, but here the
planes
are
worse
.

5.
I took my holiday in
Hun
gary
.

6.
There’s someone at the
door
.

7.
Can I speak to
Al
ison, please?

8.
Tell her it’s
Mike
.

9.
I went to Berlin in
Feb
ruary because the U-Bahn was a
hun
dred years old
.

10.
It’s
true
. He won the
lot
tery
.

Task two **

1.
The outbreak of foot and mouth disease was detected in England on 20 February.

2.
Since then it has spread in the UK in an explosive manner.

3.
By 2 March the disease was found in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

4.
The virus causes foot and mouth disease only in hoofed animals but may cause a transient infection in horses and people.

5.
Hoofed animal species include cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, reindeer and elks.

6.
The disease causes no risk for humans.

7.
As a disinfectant you may use diluted citric acid available from pharmacies.

8.
If you bring animals to Finland from the risk areas, wash them thoroughly with shampoo after arrival as pets may transport the virus.

9.
As the situation in the UK is critical, it is the duty of travellers to be cautious.

10.
Do not visit premises where animals are kept for at least 48 hours.

17.3. Organising information – Order and emphasis

Sections 411–414

Task one **

1.
Some awful films
: E

2.
Poor
: C

3.
Most of this work
: S

4.
Some days
: C –
others
: C

5.
Hard work
: E

6.
new houses in a traditional style
: C

7.
Stupid
: C

8.
Romantic novels
: C –
serious works
: C

9.
This
: S

10.
Street names
: C

Task two **

1.
That cat they just don’t look after properly. (S)

2.
These new working conditions the company has already put into practice. (S)

3.
Some foreign films they show, but the really important ones they don’t show. (C – C)

4.
Very clever he may be, but practical he isn’t. (C – C)

5.
In a very strange way she behaved at the meeting. (E)

6.
Didn’t they paint the house an awful colour? (S)

7.
A lot of people his speech at the funeral offended. (S)

8.
The reason for this celebration I don’t understand. (S)

9.
They gave the money to her; but to him they gave the painting. (C)

10.
The problems you’re speaking about the management looked into last week. (S)

Task three ***

Dear Edward,

Many thanks for giving me a chance to read your story. I think it is of importance to all people like us and most will find it reflects their own experience. The structure of the story is something I was very impressed by. The way the story shifted back and forth between the two protagonists and, because of this, shifted between the seasons to show the development of the main character are things I liked. I was a bit frightened by the introductory monologue. I think this was because I am shy of exposing myself and you had written this in the first person. When I discovered you had called the character Tim, I was relieved. The way the characters moved in and out of the story reflecting the parallels of experience was to my liking.

The way you described the town, the sea and the vineyard I also liked. I could imagine myself there, especially by the sea and in the vineyard. The philosophy underpinning the story I found interesting. There is never a beginning. Where we think there is a beginning, it is really a development of ideas and events that have gone before. You conveyed this brilliantly.

Well done, Edward. Many thanks again for letting me read this. Others will have this opportunity, I hope. Your story has a lot to say.

Yours,

Ivan

17.4. Organising information – Inversion

Sections 415–417; 584–585; 590–594; 681–684

Task one **

1.
There by the fence is John.

2.
Over there is the house for sale.

3.
Look; there is the person you want.

4.
On the left is Rick; on the right is Nick.

5.
Down the road, laughing and shouting, came Janet and Paul.

6.
Up into the sky flew the kite.

7.
Here lies John Nehemiah – looking up at his friends.

8.
Outside the house stood the car of his dreams.

9.
On the hill stood a city, proud surveyor of the valley below.

10.
As the storm raged, down crashed an enormous tree.

Task two **

1.
Only if the managing director quit would the government agree to bail out the company.

2.
Never has England played better than with its new manager.

3.
In no way (or: Not in any way) does your proposal touch on the real problem.

4.
Not even the smallest concession did the Prime Minister make to the opposition.