American Experiment (276 page)

baseball,
529–30
,
531

battles, of Civil War:

Bull Run,
6
,
7

Chancellorsville,
10

Chattanooga,
12

Chickamauga,
12

Fredericksburg,
8

Gettysburg,
5
,
11–12

Missionary Ridge,
12

pattern of, for soldiers,
24–5

Vicksburg,
9–10
,
12

of the Wilderness,
14

battles, of Spanish-American War:

Manila Bay,
238

San Juan Hill,
239

battles, of World War I:

Amiens,
432
,
433
,
436

Argonne Forest,
437

Belleau Wood,
433
,
434

Château-Thierry,
433
,
434

Marne,
413
,
436

St. Mihiel,
436–7

battleships,
223

number limited (1921),
493–5

Beard, Charles Austin,
19
,
422
,
507

Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
,
An
,
299–301

Beard, Mary,
507

Becker, Stephen,
519

Beecher, Catharine,
121
,
122
,
124

Beecher, Harriet,
see
Stowe, Harriet Beecher

Beecher, Henry Ward,
124–7
,
161
,
162

“beef trust,”
332

Bell, Alexander Graham,
83–4
,
110
,
287

Bell, Sidney,
400

Bellamy, Edward,
164–5

Equality,
164–6

and George (H.) and Lloyd, compared,
167–8

Looking Backward,
164
,
166–7
,
189

Belleau Wood (France), battle of,
433
,
434

Bellows, Henry W.,
26

Belmont, August, Jr.,
228

Belmont, Perry,
162

Benedict, Michael Les,
61

Bennett, Arnold,
256

Bent, Silas,
518
,
519

Berger, Victor,
283
,
397
,
522

Berkman, Alexander,
225
,
275
,
283

Bernstein, Irving,
551

Bernstorff, Johann von,
415
,
424

Bessemer converter,
79–80

Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von,
407

bicycling,
287–8

Biddle, Nicholas,
88

Big Four (capitalists),
95
,
99–100

and railroad regulation,
215–16

Big Four (democratic leaders),
451

Billings, Josh,
185

Bill of Rights,
504
,
523

Bird, Caroline,
556

Birmingham, Stephen,
145
,
146

birth control,
123
,
279

Birth of a Nation
(Griffith),
524

black Americans:

abuse of,
50
; lynching,
149
,
234
,
285

attitudes of, toward freedom from slavery,
38–41

in cities,
147–8
,
247

civil and political rights of: “Black Codes,”
47
; Democratic party and,
367
; Grant and,
66
; Johnson and,
46
; national commitment to,
60
; Republicans and,
48–9
,
52
,
206

in Civil War,
22

as cowhands,
149

in Depression,
546

education of,
63–4
,
68
,
133–4

as farmers (in South),
131–4
; and

populists,
188

labor unions and,
176
,
179

and land distribution,
64–5
,
70

leadership of,
284–5

and Liberia,
288

migration of: to northern cities,
136–7
,
149
,
197
,
247
,
431
; westward,
149

music of,
288
,
509

as officeholders, in South,
62

in Ohio,
197

and political parties (participation): populists,
188
,
189
,
224
; Progressives,
375
; Republicans,
206
,
490–1
; Socialists,
398

Roosevelt (T.) and,
375

in South: and election (presidential) of 1876,
202
; as farmers,
131–4
; and land distribution,
64–5
,
70
; life of, during Reconstruction,
67–71
; as officeholders,
62
; and People’s Party,
188
,
189

in sports,
528
,
529
,
530

suffrage of: black leaders and,
65
; in District of Columbia,
53
; election of 1868 and,
59
; 15th Amendment and,
60–2
; Johnson and,
46
,
55
; Northerners and,
59
,
60
; Reconstruction Act and,
53
; Republicans and,
48
,
55
,
59
; thwarting of,
65–6

Wilson and,
418

see also
freed people; slavery; slaves

“Black Codes,”
47

“Black Thursday” (Oct. 1929),
542

Blaine, James G.,
52
,
210–11
,
221

Blair, Frank P., Jr.,
59

Blake, Lyman Reed,
15

Bland, Richard (“Silver Dick”),
228
,
231

Bland-Allison Act (1878),
213

Bliss, George,
89–90

Bliss, Gen. Tasker,
448

Bloor, Ella Reeve,
398

Blum, John,
334

Boas, Franz,
290

Bohr, Niels,
290

Bonadio, Felice,
198

bonus marchers (1932),
558

boom-and-bust economy:

post-Civil War,
74–5

1880s,
192

Booth, Edwin,
101

Booth, John Wilkes,
36

Borah, E. William,
459
,
493
,
501

bosses, party,
263–7
,
268

Boston:

cultural investments in,
87
,
115–16

intellectual tradition of,
167–70

investors from,
85–8

old wealth in,
114–16

subway in,
251

Boston & Albany Railroad,
86

Bourne, Randolph,
314
,
323
,
513

Bowen, Francis,
155

Bowman, Isaiah,
434

Boyer, Paul,
266

Bradley, Joseph,
201
,
204

Bradwell. Myra,
261–2

Bragg, Gen. Braxton,
12

Brandegee, Frank,
454

Brandeis, Louis:

and Holmes,
296
,
504
,
505
,
506

as Supreme Court justice,
419
,
504
,
505
,
506

and Wilson,
375
,
385–6
,
391–2
; Supreme Court nomination,
418–19

bridges,
18
,
80–1
,
110

Brisbane, Arthur,
521
,
541

Britain,
see
Great Britain

Brock, William R.,
54

Broesamle, John,
386

Brooks, Van Wyck,
168
,
314

Broun, Heywood,
521

Brown, A. Theodore,
265

Brown, J. R.,
79

Browning, Orville H.,
42

“Brownsville affair,”
353

Bryan, Charles W.,
500

Bryan, William Jennings:

and Democratic party,
366
,
369

and disarmament,
494

and League of Nations,
469

in presidential elections: 1896,
229–33
,
235
; 1900,
241
; 1908,
367

and Scopes trial,
517

as Secretary of State,
385
,
400
,
401
,
415
; and World War I,
411
,
413–15
,
417
,
422

in Spanish-American War,
238

and Wilson,
370
,
372
,
414–15
,
417
,
420

Bryant, William Cullen,
207

Bryce, Lord James,
63
,
216
,
252
,
298

buildings,
114
,
251–2

homes of the wealthy,
114
,
118–19
,
141

railroad terminals,
249

see also
housing

Bullitt, William,
365
,
453
,
456
,
464

Bull Moosers,
see
Progressive Party

Bull Run (Va.), battles of,
6
,
7

Bunau-Varilla, Philippe,
338
,
339

Burbank, Luther,
81

Burgess, John W.,
156

Burleson, Albert S.,
388

Burner, David,
500
,
544

Burroughs, John,
192

Burroughs, William S.,
108

Burton, Harriet,
123

business:

Brandeis and,
375

combinations,
106–7
,
390
,
481
;
see also
antitrust movement; monopoly

and education,
513

failures of (in stock-market crash),
543

government and: laissez-faire policy,
91
,
154–6
,
159
; 1920s,
484–92
,
503
,
532–3
; in World War I,
428–9

1920s,
484–92

optimism of (mid-19th century),
73–4

and peace movement (1920s),
493

Republican party and,
484
,
486–7
,
491
,
499
,
503
,
558

Roosevelt (T.) and,
329–30
,
331–4
,
349–52

Wilson and,
375
,
389–91

see also
banks and banking; industry Butler, Gen. Ben,
32
,
57

Butler, Nicholas Murray,
300

Byrnes, James F.,
505

cable cars,
250

California:

Chinese immigrants in,
100–1

Japanese immigrants in,
343–4

19th century,
97–9
,
101–2

railroad regulation by,
215–16

see also
San Francisco

Calumet and Hecla (C & H),
86–7

campaigns, political,
see
elections and campaigns, congressional; elections and campaigns, presidential; elections and campaigns, state

canal, across Central America,
222
,
337–40
,
343

Cannon, Joseph,
331
,
349
,
357

Cantor, Milton,
396

Capital
(Marx),
75
,
112

capitalism:

creativity of,
90

Russian school textbook on,
539–40
,
547

Capone, Al,
531

Capper-Volstead Act (1922),
490

Carlyle, Thomas,
193

Carnegie, Andrew,
102–5

early life of,
102–3

fortune of,
104

Homestead (Pa.) steel works of,
224–6

on imperialism (American),
240

income of,
140

literary friendships of,
105

and McKinley,
234–5
,
241

newspapers (British) of,
105

philanthropy of,
107

and rags-to-riches myth,
102
,
161

and Spencer,
161
,
162

Triumphant Democracy
,
223–4
,
235

and unionism,
225

“carpetbaggers,”
62
,
63

cars,
288
,
290
,
479–80

caste system, American,
145–51
,
192
;
see also
classes (social) and class system

Catt, Carrie Chapman,
445
,
446
,
493

Cecil, Lord Robert,
452

Central America,
222
,
337–40
,
343
;
see also
Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama Central Pacific Railway,
93–6

Chancellorsville (Va.), battle of,
10

Chandler, Zachariah,
42

Chapin, Chester W.,
87

Chaplin, Charlie,
525
,
526

Chase, Salmon Portland,
4
,
18
,
31
,
32
,
89

as Chief Justice,
54
,
198

Château-Thierry (France), battle of,
433
,
434

Chattanooga (Tenn.), battle of,
12

checks and balances:

and black suffrage,
69