American Experiment (282 page)

Philadelphia,
88
,
116
,
248

Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition (1876),
109–10

philanthropy,
107

Philip, Capt. John,
239

Philippines,
239–41
,
405

Phillips, Wendell,
61–2
,
68–9
,
70
,
168
,
217

Pinchot, Gifford,
349
,
359
,
361

Pingree, Hazen S.,
272–3

pioneers (western settlers),
128–9

Pittman, Key,
462

Pittsburgh, Pa.,
140–1

Plains states:

farming in,
129–31

Indian “wars” in,
218–19

migration to,
128–9
,
219
; by blacks,
149

Piatt, Thomas C.,
234
,
330

Plunkitt, George Washington,
263–4
,
267–8

Poetry: A Magazine of Verse
,
315–16

Poincaré, Raymond,
407–8

Polakoff, Keith,
206

poll tax,
65
,
234

Ponzi, Charles,
509
,
540

poor:

morality and character of,
269–71

and rich: economic disparity between,
140
,
142–3
,
192
; relations between,
141
,
165–6

see also
immigrants; workers

Popular Science Monthly,
292

population of U.S. (1850–1910),
247

populists,
184–91
,
224

and election of 1896,
231–2

in Georgia,
187–8

internal crisis of (1890s),
228

of Kansas,
184–7

in South,
187–90

in Texas,
189

women among,
185–6

Porter, Adm. David,
9

Pound, Ezra,
315–16

Powderley, Terence V.,
176–7

Powers, Johnny,
276

pragmatism (as philosophy),
291–7

President of U.S.:

power of: Roosevelt (T.) and,
352–4
; Taft and,
356
,
358
; Wilson and,
364–5
,
385–6

religion of,
502–3

Republicans as (20th century),
484–5

see also individual presidents

press:

and Cuban revolution,
235–6
,
237

magazines: avant-garde,
313–16
; laissez-faire theme in,
159
; movie,
526
; and reform,
345
,
346–7
; of success stories,
160
; women’s,
120

newspapers,
518–20
; of minority groups,
522

1920s,
518–23

Preston, William,
439

production:

expansion of: late 19th century,
107–8
; 1920s,
508

investors and,
90–1

Marx on,
75–6

regional inequality of,
107–8

and technology,
74
,
76

Progress and Poverty
(George),
163

Progressive party:

dissolution of,
419–20

and elections: 1912,
371
,
373
,
374
,
377
; 1924,
500–1

progressivism,
245–6
,
287
,
501–2

Prohibition,
441–2
,
531

Prohibition party,
208

proletarianization of workers,
260–1
,
382–3

Promise of American Life, The
(Croly),
392

propaganda efforts (World War I),
412
,
416–17
,
426–7
,
439

property, right of,
153

Marx on,
154

Republicans emphasize,
206

Supreme Court and,
488
,
506

Protestantism,
515–17

and Smith’s presidential candidacy,
502–3

Puerto Rico,
405

Pulitzer, Joseph,
152
,
235–6

Pullman, George M.,
114
,
227

model town of,
142
,
227

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906),
348

Quay, Matthew,
234

Quesnay, Francois,
154

Rader, Benjamin,
528

radio,
522–3

rags-to-riches myth (Algerism),
143
,
144-5
,
159–60

Carnegie and,
102
,
161
; and McKinley,
234

Dempsey and,
532

and economic concentration,
390

Frick and,
224

Irish immigrants and,
259–60

La Follette and,
360

and political machines (urban),
265

railroads:

Boston investors and,
87

in Civil War,
16–17

combinations in,
331–2

“Erie War,”
92–3

and farmers,
130

in fiction,
172

Lenin on,
410

1930s,
555

in Ohio,
196
,
197

regulation of,
73
,
214–15
,
334–5
,
336

Roosevelt (T.) and,
331–2
,
334–5

strikes against,
95–6
,
175–6
,
182

transcontinental,
93–6

westward movement promoted by,
128–9

in World War I,
429

see also
Central Pacific; Erie; Michigan Central; Pennsylvania; Southern Pacific; trains; Union Pacific

railroad terminals, urban,
249

Rainford, William S.,
269

ranching
vs.
farming, in California,
98–9

Rankine, Mrs. A. K.,
314

Raskob, John J.,
541

Rasputin,
408
,
409

Raymond, Henry J.,
34

Reader’s Digest
(periodical),
522

Reagan, John H.,
214

Reconstruction:

Congress and,
48–50
,
53–4

end of,
67

evaluation of,
68–70

failure of (blame for),
45–6

Grant and,
58–9

Johnson and,
45
,
50–1
,
55

Lincoln
vs.
other Republicans on,
32
,
33

Republican leadership and,
44–5

revenge
vs.
reform in,
46–7

Reconstruction Act,
53–4

Reconstruction Finance Corporation,
551

“red hunts,”
469
Redlich, Fritz,
89

“red scare,”
178
,
505
Reed, James,
428
,
460
,
464

Reed, John,
307
,
308
,
323
,
324

Reed, Thomas B.,
227–8
,
331

reform movement,
266–75

leadership of,
345–8

and party bosses,
266
,
267
,
268

women in,
270
,
275–8

Reid, Whitelaw,
198

Reinsch, Paul,
402

Reitman, Ben,
283

religion and religious life:

and election of 1928,
502–3

Jewish,
256–7

Protestant,
515–17

Republican party:

and black civil and political rights,
48–9
,
52
,
55
,
59
,
206

blacks in,
206
,
490–1

and business,
484
,
486–7
,
491
,
499
,
503
,
558

control of Congress by: in Civil War

period,
36–7
; post-World War I,
474
,
484
,
487
,
501
; in Reconstruction period,
44
,
48
,
51
,
59
,
60

conventions of: 1864,
32–3
; 1868,
58
,
194–5
; 1912,
363–3
; 1920,
471–3
; 1924,
501

Democrats, rivalry with,
205–6
,
227–8
; 1896,
233

differences and divisions within: 1865–66,
48–9
; 1870s, 1880s,
206
;
ca.
1909,
356–8
; 1920s,
470
,
492

dominance of: 1896 on,
233
; 20th century,
474
,
484–5
,
487–92
,
503

and farmers,
490

and populists,
186–7

Radical wing of,
41–4
,
51–2
,
59–60
; and Johnson,
52–3
,
54–8
; and Reconstruction,
44–5
,
48–9
,
53–4

see also
elections and campaigns

residences,
see
housing

Ricardo, David,
155

rich,
see
wealthy

Richards, Ellen Swallow,
261

Richmond, Mary,
270

Richthofen, Baron Manfred von (the “Red Baron”),
436

Rickard, “Tex,”
530

Riis ,Jacob,
137–8
,
141
,
142
,
143
,
147
,
148
,
149

Rinehart, Mary Roberts,
439
,
518

Riordon, William L.,
264

riots:

anti-Chinese,
101

against draft (Civil War),
14

racial,
50

see also
strikes

“Roaring Twenties,”
509

Rockefeller, John D.,
105–7
,
198

defends big business,
390

early life of,
105–6

income of,
140

and Lloyd (H. D.),
166

philanthropy of,
107

Roosevelt (T.) and,
349–50

Tarbell on,
347

Rockne, Knute,
528–9

Roebling, John A.,
80
,
110

Rogers, John Jacob,
454

Rogers, Will,
149
,
521

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano:

as Assistant Secretary of the Navy,
411

as Democratic party leader (1920s),
502
,
553

and election of 1932,
554–5

nominated as Vice-President,
474

Roosevelt, Theodore,
325–54

and blacks,
375

career of,
325

character and personality of,
325–8
,
352–3

early life of,
325–8

and election of 1912,
359–60
,
361–3
,
371–7
passim

and power,
327–8
,
329
,
330
,
341
,
351
,
360

as President,
329–54
; antitrust campaign of,
332–3
,
349–52
; assumes office (1901),
242
; and domestic powers and issues,
329–36
,
348–51
; and election of 1904,
333–4
; and environmental issues,
349
; executive power and control by,
329
,
352–4
; foreign policy of,
336–45
; increasing liberalism of,
348–9
; and reform movement,
345–6
; and Supreme Court,
331
,
335

and Progressive party,
371
,
373
,
377
,
419
,
420

and Spanish-American War,
236
,
338

and Taft (W. H.),
353
,
355–6
,
358–9
,
362–3
,
371

third term contemplated by,
359–60
,
361–3

as Vice-President,
241
,
325

and Wilson,
372–3

and World War I,
412
,
416

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr.,
494

Root, Elihu,
333
,
344
,
355
,
360
,
363
,
372

Rosenwald, Julius,
278

Ross, John,
3

Rossiter, Clinton,
156

Rostow, Eugene,
296

Rothafel, Samuel L.,
525

Rouge works (Ford Motor Co.), Mich.,
479–80
,
556

Rough Riders,
238

Russell, Francis,
472

Russell, Lillian,
101

Russia:

American expeditionary force in,
453

Bolshevik regime: publishes secret treaties,
434
; recognition of (international),
453
,
456

civil war in,
432

and World War I,
408–9

Russian Revolution (1917),
426

Russo-Japanese War,
341–2

Ruth, George Herman (“Babe”),
529–30

Rutherford, Lord Ernest,
290

Sabine, Wallace,
290

Sacco, Nicola,
537–8

Sacramento, Calif.,
97

St. Mihiel (France), battle for,
436–7

saloons, opposition to,
279

Salvation Army,
270