Amerithrax (73 page)
Ressam, Ahmed, 50
Resumes (fictional) of Hatfill, 357– 59, 389, 407, 416
Return address, missing or fictional, 59, 64, 69, 73, 81,
103–4
Revell, Oliver, 29 Reward for Amerithrax
apprehension, 126–27, 204,
239, 261, 305
Rhodes University in South Africa, 363, 389, 407
Richardson, Josefa, 166
Richmond, Leroy, 126, 132–33,
134, 138–39, 141, 234, 235,
260, 433
Ridge, Tom, 134, 157, 158, 159,
163, 204, 206, 310, 319–20,
393
Rifampin, 135, 140, 168
Right-wing activists’ stockpiling of bio-agents, 75
Rodriguez, Esteban, 368
Rod-shaped bacteria, 9–10, 15
Rosario, Diader, 377 Rosenberg, Barbara Hatch, 131,
308, 325, 395, 401, 402, 415
Roth, Bob, 387, 400 Roth, James A., 201 Rowland, John, 243 Rudolph, Eric Robert, 378 Rumbelow, Donald, 442
Rumors circulated by FBI about Steven Hatfill, 355, 374–75,
398–99
Rumsfeld, Donald, 144
Rybicki, Ed, 358
Sabre Oxidation Technologies, 287, 345
Sacramento Vampire Killer (Richard Trenton Chase), 220– 21, 431
St. Petersburg Post Office, 70 Salk Center, 293, 316, 331
Salzberg, Steven, 313
Sannikov, Vladimir, 190
Sarcoidosis, 128
Satan Bug, The
(MacLean), 369– 70
Satcher, David, 181 Saylor, M. V., 172–73
“Scent packs” for bloodhounds, 383
Schuch, Raymond, 431
Schultz, “Dutch,” 170
Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC), 328, 330, 366,
391, 395, 418
Science loner with grudge against society, 226–28, 233
Scientists as suspects, 202, 263,
272–73, 301–2, 305, 309,
331
Scott, Andrew, 425
Security issues at Institute, 294, 295–96
Selous, F. Courtney, 358 Selous Scouts, 358, 437
Sentman, J. E., 223, 224
September 11, 2001, 1–3, 39–40,
52, 422, 440, 441.
See also
Hijackers of 9-11 as suspects Serafin, Barry, 406–7
Serratia marcescens
(SM), 176, 281, 284
Shady Grove exercise, 285 Shapiro, Jonathan, 374, 390,
404
Shapiro, Walter, 69 Shehhi, Marwan al- (9-11
hijacker), 39, 40, 41, 48
Sheih, Wun-Ju, 62
Siberia and bioweapons, 143–44 Side, Hu, 379
Silberling, Tracy, 252
Silica to prevent clumping, 87, 161, 230, 292, 309
Simons, Allyson, 159
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), 299, 314
Sizov, Vladimir, 185
Skidmore, David, 312
Skipper, Kathy, 428
“Slurry” form of anthrax, 155 “Smart Tickets,” 113
Smith, Craig, 272
Soldiers, USPS as, 214, 237, 238,
290–91
Sombrotto, Vince, 159, 169
Sommerville, Frank, 367
Son of Sam (David Berkowitz), 221
Sorting machines, 55, 106, 107,
177, 247
Soukup, Joseph, 330, 407 Southern Connecticut Processing
and Distribution Center (Wallingford), 240, 241, 243,
245, 246, 312
Southwest Post Office Station, 110, 167, 168
Soviet Union.
See also
Stepnogorsk Scientific Experimental and Production Base; Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg)
bioweapons and, 84, 88, 90, 91–
92, 142–43, 184, 199, 332–37
Vector, 50, 287, 338–39
Spertzel, Richard, 43, 118, 142–43,
151, 261, 302, 367
Spider bites vs. anthrax, 60, 61
Stanlewicz, Bobby, 353 Stans, Maurice H., 171
Star,
6, 7
Staritsin, Nikolai A., 340 Star of David, 7 Stepnogorsk Scientific
Experimental and Production Base
antibiotic-resistant anthrax, 335–
36, 341
Biopreparat “The Concern,” 337, 338
Building 221, 337–38 lethality of anthrax at, 336–37
production capacity of, 335, 338
Strain 836, 335–36
Stevens, Bob, 7–12, 14–16, 17, 18,
20, 21–22
Stevenson, Cleveland, 54, 409 Stockpiling smallpox and anthrax
vaccines, 207, 310, 321 Stokes, J. R., 172–73
Strain 836, 185, 186, 200, 333,
334, 335–36
Straus, David, 18
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
15 “Study of the Vulnerability of
Subway Passengers in New York City to Covert Action with Biological Agents” (Institute), 176
Stuurman, Angela, 389
Sun,
6, 7, 37, 41, 426
Super anthrax (Russian), 340
Survival rates, 18, 212–13 Survivors, problems of, 234–35,
310
Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), 183–
200.
See also
Vozrozhdeniye Island (Rebirth Island)
accidental release of anthrax, 185–88
animal deaths, 191, 194, 200 Biological and Toxic Weapons
Convention, 1972 (BTWC),
197
“biological Chernobyl,” 182 “burning wind of plague,” 188–
90
ceramics plant, 189
Chkalovskiy district, 188–89
Compound 19, 184, 185, 187–
88, 195, 199
Compound 32, 187–88 cover story (infected meat
epidemic), 198, 199
culturing of anthrax, 185, 186
decontamination, 196 destruction of anthrax, 200 duration of outbreak, 199–200 fatality rates, 189–90, 199–200
filter, blocked, 186–87
gastrointestinal anthrax, 198
hemorrhagic lesions, 194
Japan’s Unit 731 and, 184
medical community, 191–95 men, three-quarters of victims,
188
military production in, 184 natural outbreak of anthrax, 197 rats, carrying of anthrax, 184–85 reactor spill into city sewer, 184–
85
Strain 836, 185, 186, 200, 333
vaccination campaign, 195
vaccine experiments, 185–86 Vozrozhdeniye Island (Rebirth
Island), 333–35
Swerdlow, David L., 240 Symington, Robert Burns, 358 Symptoms of anthrax
Bob Stevens, 10–11, 12, 13–14,
15, 16, 17–18
David Hose, 179
“false recovery” period, 11–12 incubation period, 16–17 initial stage symptoms, 211 Joseph Curseen, 137, 140
Jyotsna Patel, 118, 128 Kathy T. Nguyen, 166–68
Leroy Richmond, 126, 132, 134,
138–39, 141
lesions from, 59–61
Linda Burch, 125, 141
lung damage from, 8, 9, 13, 14–
15, 22
lymph system crippled by, 10, 17, 22
mediastinal widening, 13, 14
Norma Wallace, 110–11, 129,
140
Ottilie Lundgren, 239–40
pulmonary infiltrations, 13 second stage symptoms, 212 Thomas L. Morris, Jr., 127, 135,
137
“Syndromic surveillance” (dead dogs and cats), 180
Syria and bioweapons, 142
Taping of letters, 52, 101, 163,
201, 255
Teska, Jeff, 253
Teten, Howard D., 227 Theoharis, Athan, 405
Thomas, Curry, 222–25
Thompson, Tommy, 19, 33, 38,
134, 157, 159, 162, 320
Thorton, Emma, 216
Threat Matrix index (CIA), 165 Threats in letters, 57–58, 59, 65,
73, 82, 112–13, 254
Thurman, Maxwell R. “Mad Max,” 151
TIGR.
See
Institute for Genomic Research
Tokyo botulinum attack, 266–67 Toxic dust at Ground Zero, 2–3,
52, 57, 72, 111, 125, 352–53,
424
Trenton Post Office, 55, 168, 172,
174–75, 241, 345
Trimming of paper, 58, 82, 100–
101, 202
Troxler, Howard, 73–74
Tsonas, Christos, 41–43 Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 285
Unabomber (Ted Kaczynski), 218, 222, 223, 227, 228, 231, 232,
233, 258, 420
Underwood, Tara, 139
United Airlines Flight 93 wreckage searched for anthrax, 42–43
UN Resolution 687, 153 “Un-terrorist-like” actions of
Amerithrax, 163
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAM-RIID).
See
Institute
U.S. cases of anthrax, 25–26
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 44– 47
U.S. government.
See also
Political targets
accountability of anthrax, 305 alerts, grading, 204
biodefense readiness, 342
biodetection systems, 214 Biological and Toxic Weapons
Convention, 1972 (BTWC),
91, 197, 326
bioterrorism authorization bill, 316
bioterror medicines, rules speeding approval, 317
U.S. government
(cont.)
coordination (lack of) among federal agencies, 321
deadline for Amerithrax case, 440
DNA synthesis industry, controlling, 343
fear, dealing with, 69
funds (additional), 206, 217–18,
289, 310–11, 319, 435
Gulf War vets, sickness in, 153 health care workers, vaccinations
for, 320
“high consequence” scenarios, 310
high-tech detection of bioweapons, 341–42
immobilized by anthrax letters, 138, 435
Iraq tensions, 162, 324, 375, 436 labs with germ collections and
law, 76
military protection from anthrax, 151–52
Presidential Decision Directive 39, 271
prior knowledge of bioterrorist attack, 318
Project TOPOFF, 206
public anxiety, 33, 57, 68 70,
77, 78, 124, 181, 208–9, 239
reassurance to country, 19, 33,
69, 236–37
stockpiling smallpox and anthrax vaccines, 207, 310, 321
USPS of infection, informing, 138
U.S. military labs focus by FBI, 261, 293
U.S. Postal Inspection Service, 170–
74.
See also
Monsters of the mail
airplane crashes and, 218 anonymous letters, 172
arrests made by, 171 cases of, 170
death penalty for stealing mail, 170
fear of inspectors, 170–71 firearms of, 171
Hatfill, connection to public mailbox near Princeton, 410
mailbox used by Amerithrax, searching for, 387, 388–89
murder by mail, 171–72 “Operation Avalanche,” 171
origins of, 170
phosphorus poisoning, 172–74 poison by mail, 172–74 profiling, 219
Public Law 85-268, 171–72
“surveyors,” 170
U.S. Postal Service (USPS), 126–
44.
See also
Cross- contamination
advice for suspect mail, 209–11, 289
air filtration system, 217 American Postal Workers Union,
246, 347
anchor of “normality,” 159 bar codes, 242, 243 biological indicator strip, 217 blaming CDC, 205
bombs in mail, 178
carriers’ extensive knowledge of territory, 178
ciprofloxacin therapy given to employees, 131, 135, 140,
168
closing post offices, 131, 139,
141, 161, 167
clumping of mail, 102, 105 collection time of letters, 54 compensation for injuries, 235–
36, 260
delivery vehicles for anthrax, 5– 6, 36, 38
depression in employees, 320 direct-mail business, 204, 218,
244
doxycycline given to employees, 168
dust vacuuming system, 217 edger-feeder, 54
electron-beam radiation, 161,
215, 216, 293
Emergency Response to Mail Allegedly Containing Anthrax,
164
employees, not given antibiotics, 127, 168, 319, 433
environment testing of centers, 165
exposure to infection, 127 facer-canceler, 54
filtering face piece (FFP), 202–3, 213
follow-up information (lacking), 202
funds (additional) for, 206, 217–
18
government informing of infection implications, 138
HEPA filters, 217
“identified-mailer” initiative, 217
ironing envelopes, 215
irradiating mail, 215–16, 289,
306, 312
killing anthrax, 214–15
letter codes, 104
lying to employees, 245–46 machines, cleaning with blowers,
107, 134
mail treated as toxic waste, 238 mass spectrometry system, 217 mathematical model of anthrax
contamination, 245 National Association of Letter
Carriers (NALC), 131–32,
159, 168–69
National Postal Mail Handlers Union, 207
911 call from Thomas L. Morris,
Jr., 135–37, 139, 205
non-testing of employees, 126 optical character reader, 55 overreaction, cautioning, 129–30 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
technology, 216
postal coding for tracing letters, 53–54
post-marking, 54–55
public appreciation of, 238–39 radiation treatment of mail, 165,
215, 289
reluctance to return to decontaminated facilities, 346–
47
revenues down, 238
safety compromised, admitting, 204
safety measures, 160–61, 164–
65, 202–3, 213, 215–17, 247
security measures, 181
soldiers, employees as, 214, 237,
238, 290–91
sorting centers, 104–5
sorting machines, 55, 105–8,
177, 247
St. Petersburg Post Office, 70– 71
steam for killing, 215
testing employees for anthrax, 138, 141, 169
testing facilities for anthrax, 126, 168, 207, 312
USPS News Talk,
129–30, 202–
3
vaccination program for all, 312– 13
zip code translator, 55
U.S. supplier of bacteria
to Iraq, 144, 147, 149, 161–62
to Shoko Asahara, 267
U.S. Supreme Court Warehouse, 110
USPS News Talk,
129–30, 202–3
Ustinov, Nikolai, 88
Vaccine for anthrax Amerithrax and, 101, 229
endorsement of, 308–9, 322 FBI focus on recipients of, 261 health care workers and, 320 inoculation scheme, 321–22
Institute and, 151
reactions to, 154, 322–23 Steven J. Hatfill and, 390–91,
396
stockpiling, 181, 321 super anthrax and, 340 supply (short), 18
U.S. Postal Service (USPS) and, 312–13
Van Zandt, Clint, 232
Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs), 299
Vector, 50, 287, 338–39
Vector
(Cook), 112, 369