Anne Boleyn: Henry VIII's Obsession (31 page)

CHAPTER 12: QUEEN ANNE

Elizabeth Barton’s life is described in Cranmer to Archdeacon Hawkyns, 20 December 1533 (Gairdner 1882:624). There is also a detailed discussion in Bernard 2005. Barton’s attempts to meet with Catherine are contained in Chapuys to Charles V, 12 November 1533 (Gairdner 1882:564). Barton’s execution is in Wriothesley’s Chronicle p24. George Boleyn’s character is recorded in Cavendish 1825:20. George’s purchase of hawks is recorded in his letter to Lord Lisle, 1533 (104) and Anthoine Brusset to Lord Lisle, 18 December 1533 (104a) (St Clare Byrne 1981:671). George’s reformist views are discussed in Ives 1994. Anne’s instructions to her chaplains are found in Latymer 1990:50. Anne’s investigation of Hailes Abbey is found in Latymer 1990:61. Accounts of Anne’s charity in Foxe are from p60. Freeman 1995 comments on the portrayal of Anne in Foxe. Anne’s sponsorship of Mr Beckynsall is found in Latymer 1990:56. Anne’s letter to the Abbot of St Mary’s is found in Wood 1846:191-2. Anne’s letter to Dr Crome is also found in Wood 1846:189. Anne’s support of French exiles is detailed in Latymer 1990:56. Anne’s support of Richard Herman is found in her letter to Cromwell (Gairdner 1883:255). The quote concerning Anne’s virtues and mild nature comes from Foxe 1965:135. Anne’s ambition for Elizabeth is found in Latymer 1990:63. Anne’s devotion to Elizabeth is from the
Chronicle of Henry VIII
(p42). Elizabeth’s procession to her own household is recorded in Chapuys to Charles V, 16 December 1533 (Gairdner 1882:617). Kingston’s comments on Elizabeth are found in his letter to Lord Lisle, 18 April 1534 (169) (St Clare Byrne 1981:128). The first Act of Succession is found in Williams 1967:448. Henry’s order that everyone should swear the oath of succession is in Wyatt 1825:205. The quote from Wriothesley’s Chronicle is from p24.

CHAPTER 13: REBELS AND TRAITORESSES

Lord Mountjoy’s report is in Gairdner 1882:340. Attempts to move Catherine are contained within Chapuys to Charles V, 23 and 27 December 1533 (Gairdner 1882:629 and 633). Catherine’s letter to Mary is taken from Gairdner 1882:472. The order regarding Mary’s livery is found in Chapuys to Charles V, 15 September 1533 (Gairdner 1882:470). Mary’s refusal to renounce her title is in Chapuys to Charles V, 10 October 1533 (Gairdner 1882:510). The announcement that Mary would be sent to join Elizabeth’s household is taken from Chapuys to Charles V, 3 November 1533 (Gairdner 1882:556). Mary’s comments about Elizabeth are found in Chapuys to Charles V, 23 December 1533 (Gairdner 1882:629). Henry’s visit to Elizabeth is taken from Chapuys to Charles V, 17 January 1534 (Gairdner 1883:31). Anne’s decision not to bring Mary to court is taken from Chapuys to Charles V, 29 January 1534 (Gairdner 1883:48). Anne’s attempts to befriend Mary are recorded in Chapuys to Charles V, 7 March 1534 (Gairdner 1883:127). The incident in the
Life of Jane Dormer
is recorded on pp81-82. Anne’s reference to Catherine and Mary as rebels and traiteresses is in Chapuys to Granvelle, 23 March 1536 (Gairdner 1883:169). Rumours that Anne intended to kill Mary are found in Chapuys to Charles V,11 February and 23 June 1534 (Gairdner 1883:69 and 323). Mary Boleyn’s letter is from Strickland 1844:231. George Taylor’s letter to Lady Lisle of 27 April 1534 refers to Anne’s pregnancy (St Clare Byrne 1981:139). A suggestion that this was a phantom pregnancy in Dewhurst 1984 seems unlikely given the recent birth of Elizabeth. Anne’s instructions to George Boleyn to delay the French meeting are found in Gardiner 1883:366. Anne’s confrontation with Henry is taken from Chapuys to Charles V, 27 September 1534 (Gairdner 1883:463). Anne’s conspiracy with Lady Rochford is found in Chapuys to Charles V, 13 October 1534 (Gairdner 1883:485). Anne’s outburst in front of the French ambassador is taken from Chapuys to Charles V, 14 January 1535 (De Gayangos 1886:376). The improvement in Mary’s treatment is from Chapuys to Charles V, 24 October 1534 (Gairdner 1883:498). Anne’s argument with Norfolk is found in Chapuys to Charles V, 1 January 1535 (Gairdner 1885:1). Anne’s ability to manage the king is quoted from Chapuys to Charles V, 27 September 1534 (Gairdner 1883:463).

CHAPTER 14: NO MORE BOYS BY HER

Fisher and More’s imprisonment is detailed in Wriothesley’s Chronicle p25. More’s letter to Cromwell is from Gardiner 1883:123. Fisher’s appointment as a cardinal is detailed in the
Life of Fisher
p111. Chapuys’ visit to Catherine is included in Chapuys to Charles V, 9 January 1536 (Gairdner 1887:20-21). Chapuys’ account of Catherine’s death can be found in Chapuys to Charles V, 21 January 1536 (Gairdner 1887:49). Catherine’s last letter is from Crawford 2002:179-180. Sander 1877:132 claims Henry wept on reading the letter and reports that Anne wore yellow in celebration. Henry’s celebrations at Catherine’s death are in Chapuys to Charles V, 21 January 1536 (Gairdner 1887:51). Chapuys’ suspicions of poison are found in Chapuys to Charles V, 9 and 21 January 1536 (Gairdner 1887:22 and 51). Anne’s attempts to befriend Mary are also found in Chapuys’ dispatch of 21 January. Anne’s letter to Lady Shelton is in Chapuys to Charles V, 17 February 1536 (Gairdner 1887:117-118). Details of Catherine’s funeral can be found in Gardiner 1887:14. Anne’s miscarriage is noted in Chapuys to Charles V, 10 February 1536 (Gairdner 1887:102). Henry’s anger towards Anne is chronicled in Wyatt 1825:208. Henry’s claim that Anne had bewitched him is found in Chapuys to Charles V, 29 January 1536 (Gairdner 1887:70). Anne’s attempts to blame Norfolk are found in Chapuys to Charles V, 10 February 1536 (Gairdner 1887:102). Henry’s affair with Jane Seymour is described in Wyatt 1825:208 and Sander 1877:132. Anne’s claim that Henry had broken her heart is contained in Chapuys to Charles V, 25 February 1536 (Gairdner 1887:134).

CHAPTER 15: SICK AND TIRED OF THE CONCUBINE

Claims that Henry was barely speaking to Anne are in Chapuys to Charles V, 25 February 1536 (Gairdner 1887:134). Details about Jane Seymour are in Seymour 1972 and Gross 1999. Jane’s refusal of Henry’s gift and his increasing affection for her is detailed in Chapuys to Charles V, 1 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:245). Henry’s letter to Jane is in Savage 1949:69. The coaching Jane received is described in Chapuys to Charles V, 1 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:245). Anne’s rage at Jane is documented in Chapuys to Granvelle, 18 March 1536 (Gairdner 1887:202). Chapuys’ support for Jane is contained in Chapuys to Charles V, 1 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:245). Ales’ account can be found on p526. Chapuys’ discussion with Cromwell is in Chapuys to Charles V, 1 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:243- 245). Charles V’s instructions to Chapuys of 28 March 1536 are in Gairdner 1887:275. Chapuys’ recognition of Anne is in Chapuys to Charles V, 21 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:290). Sander 1877:132 claims that Anne’s child was deformed. Anne’s failure to secure an appointment as a knight of the garter for George Boleyn is noted in Chapuys to Charles V, 29 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:315). Anne’s appeal to Henry with Elizabeth is recorded in Ales 1863:527. Chapuys’ comment that Henry was sick of Anne is in Chapuys to Charles V, 29 April 1536 (Gairdner 1887:315). There are a number of theories for the fall of Anne Boleyn and why it happened so rapidly. Walker 2002 considers that the commission was not set up specifically for Anne and was merely used as a convenient instrument when the scandal concerning Anne broke. Bernard 1991 and 1992 considers that Henry had grounds for suspicion towards Anne and that there was evidence for her guilt. Ives 1992 and 2005 counters this view and considers that Cromwell actively worked to destroy Anne. More unusually, Warnicke 1985 considers that a number of court factions grouped together behind Jane Seymour to oppose Anne. Warnicke 1989 holds the view that Anne gave birth to a deformed foetus which raised accusations of incest. In reality, Anne was probably brought down by the king falling in love with another woman and court faction.

CHAPTER 16: TURNED TRUST TO TREASON

Smeaton’s arrest and Henry’s interrogation of Norris can be found in Constantine 1831:64. Sander 1877:133 records the dropped handkerchief. Henry’s sudden departure from the jousts is recorded in Hall’s Chronicle 1809:819. Lady Wingfield’s deathbed statement is discussed in Warnicke 1989:120. John Husee’s letter to Lady Lisle is in St Clare Byrne 1981:378. Lady Worcester’s letter to Cromwell of 8 March 1537 is in Wood 1846:319. Lady Worcester’s accusation is discussed in Walker 2002:17. Ales 1863:527 states that spies were placed in Anne’s household. Lady Rochford’s malice is discussed in Wyatt 1825:212. Anne’s arrest is detailed in Wriothesley’s Chronicle p36. Herbert 1649:382 details Anne’s request to see the king. Anne’s arrival at the Tower is described in Wriothesley’s Chronicle p36. Anne’s conversation with William Kingston on her arrival and first days in the Tower are contained in Kingston to Cromwell, letter I (in Singer 1825:217-220). Anne’s mention of Smeaton in the Tower is in Kingston to Cromwell, letter II (in Singer 1825:222). Anne’s words concerning her brother are in the same letter. Details of Brereton’s life can be found in Ives 1976. Constantine’s comments regarding Brereton are on pp64-65. Anne’s comments that she was cruelly handled are in Kingston to Cromwell, letter III (in Singer 1825:224). Cranmer’s letter to Henry is in Strickland 1844:250-251. Cranmer’s comments to Ales on Anne’s death are contained in Ales p528. Jane Dormer’s belief in Anne’s guilt is included in Clifford 1887:79. Comments about Anne’s guilt in the
Chronicle of Henry VIII
are on pages 55 and 59. Chapuys’ comments about Anne’s guilt are in Chapuys to Charles V, 2 May 1536 (Gairdner 1887:330). Cromwell’s letter to Gardiner and Wallop of 14 May 1563 is in Gairdner 1887:360. Henry’s comments to the Duke of Richmond are in Chapuys to Charles V, 19 May 1536 (Gairdner 1887:377). Ales’ comments on Anne’s guilt are on p569. Cavendish 1825:40 contains the reference about turning trust to treason.

CHAPTER 17: THE LADY IN THE TOWER

The men’s trial is detailed in the reports of Sir John Spelman (1977:71). The anonymous account of Anne’s trial is contained in Harl. MS. 2194, Leaf 16 (Furnivall 1869:229). Henry Percy’s illness is noted in Gairdner 1887:363. Wriothesley’s Chronicle also provides an account of Anne’s trial on p37. Sir John Spelman’s record of the offences Anne was charged with are on p71. The list of charges against Anne can be found in Gairdner 1887:362-363. The reference to Norfolk’s tears are in Constantine 1831:66. Chapuys provides an account of George’s trial in Chapuys to Charles V, 19 May 1536 (Gairdner 1887:378). Chapuys’ account of Henry’s impotence is contained in Chapuys to Antoine Perrenot, 18 May 1536 (Gairdner 1887:324).Cromwell’s assurance to Sir Henry Wyatt is noted in Muir 1963:30. Speculation over the fate of Wyatt and Page is contained in John Husee to Lady Lisle on 12 and 13 May 1536 (letters 694 and 695) (in St Clair Byrne 1981). Anne’s last letter to Henry is taken from Crawford 2002:193-194. Details of the annulment of Anne’s marriage come from Wriothesley’s Chronicle p41. George Boleyn’s speech is taken from the
Chronicle of Calais
(Nichols 1846:46). The other speeches are taken from Constantine (1831). Anne’s words on Smeaton’s death are from Gairdner 1887:431. Comments about Anne’s declaration of innocence are taken from Kingston to Cromwell, 18 May 1536, letter VI (in Singer 1825:229) and Chapuys to Charles V, 19 May 1536 (Gairdner 1887:380). Anne’s comments about a possible nickname come from Chapuys to Granvelle, 6 June 1536 (Gairdner 1887:453). Anne’s scaffold speech is recorded in a number of sources with slight variations. The version used here is from Hall’s Chronicle 1809:819. The account of Anne’s last few moments is taken from Spelman (1977:59).

CHAPTER 18: OUT OF HEAVEN INTO HELL

The quote comparing Anne and Jane is from Sir John Russell to Lord Lisle, 3 June 1536 (St Clare Byrne 1981:396). Anne’s sister- in-law, Lady Rochford, was executed with Henry’s fifth wife, Catherine Howard, for assisting in that queen’s adultery. An account of Elizabeth Howard’s funeral is contained in John Husee to Lady Lisle, 9 April 1538 (St Clare Byrne 1981:99). Rumours that Thomas Boleyn was to marry Henry’s niece are found in Henry Monk to Lady Lisle, 19 July 1538 (St Clare Byrne 1981:184). Extracts from the Second Succession Act can be found in Williams 1967:452. Elizabeth’s governess, Lady Bryan’s letter to Cromwell is taken from Falkus 1974:88. Wolsey’s comment is from Cavendish 1962:177.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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