Bang!: A History of Britain in the 1980s (95 page)
SPORT
BBC SPORTS PERSONALITY OF THE YEAR
1980 | Robin Cousins (figure skater) |
1981 | Ian Botham (cricketer) |
1982 | Daley Thompson (decathlete) |
1983 | Steve Cram (middle-distance runner) |
1984 | Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean (figure skaters) |
1985 | Barry McGuigan (boxer) |
1986 | Nigel Mansell (Formula 1 racing driver) |
1987 | Fatima Whitbread (javelin thrower) |
1988 | Steve Davis (snooker player) |
1989 | Nick Faldo (golfer) |
FOOTBALL: UK TEAMS IN THE WORLD CUP
1982 in Spain
England eliminated (on points difference) in the second round: W 3, D 2, L 0
Northern Ireland eliminated in the second round: W 1, D 3, L 1
Scotland eliminated in the first round (group stage): W 1, D 1, L 1
Wales did not qualify
1986 in Mexico
England eliminated in the quarter-finals (Argentina 2, England 1): W 2, D 1, L 2
Northern Ireland eliminated in the first round (group stage): W 0, D 1, L 2
Scotland eliminated in the first round (group stage): W 0, D 1, L 2
Wales did not qualify
FOOTBALL: FIRST DIVISION CHAMPIONS
FOOTBALL: SCOTTISH PREMIER LEAGUE CHAMPIONS
CRICKET: THE ASHES
1981 | England retained the Ashes, winning 3-1 (2 drawn), held in England |
1982/3 | Australia won back the Ashes, winning 2-1 (2 drawn), held in Australia |
1985 | England won back the Ashes, winning 3-1 (2 drawn), held in England |
1986/7 | England retained the Ashes, winning 2-1 (2 drawn), held in Australia |
1989 | Australia won back the Ashes, winning 4-0 (2 drawn), held in England |
RUGBY: 5 NATIONS WINNERS
1980 | 1985 |
1981 | 1986 |
1982 | 1987 |
1983 | 1988 |
1984 | 1989 |
TENNIS: FURTHEST PROGRESS OF BRITISH PLAYERS AT THE WIMBLEDON CHAMPIONSHIPS
Men’s Singles
1980 | Second Round (Mark Cox, Andrew Jarrett, Buster Mottram) |
1981 | Second Round (John Feaver, John Lloyd, Buster Mottram) |
1982 | Fourth Round (Buster Mottram) |
1983 | Second Round (Stuart Bale, Andrew Jarrett) |
1984 | Third Round (John Lloyd) |
1985 | Third Round (John Lloyd) |
1986 | Second Round (Stephen Botfield, Andrew Castle, Colin Dowdeswell, Nick Fulwood) |
1987 | Third Round (Jeremy Bates) |
1988 | Second Round (Jeremy Bates, Stephen Botfield) |
1989 | Third Round (Nick Fulwood) |
Ladies’ Singles
1980 | Fourth Round (Virginia Wade) |
1981 | Fourth Round (Anne Hobbs, Jo Durie) |
1982 | Second Round (Anne Hobbs, Virginia Wade) |
1983 | Quarter-Finals (Virginia Wade) |
1984 | Quarter-Finals (Jo Durie) |
1985 | Fourth Round (Jo Durie) |
1986 | Third Round (Jo Durie, Anne Hobbs) |
1987 | Third Round (Jo Durie) |
1988 | Third Round (Julie Salmon) |
1989 | Third Round (Anne Hobbs) |
OLYMPIC GAMES: BRITISH GOLD MEDAL WINNERS
1980 Moscow
(5 gold medals)
Sebastian Coe (1,500 metres)
Duncan Goodhew (100 metres breaststroke)
Steve Ovett (800 metres)
Daley Thompson (decathalon)
Alan Wells (100 metres)
1984 Los Angeles
(5 gold medals)
Sebastian Coe (1,500 metres)
Malcolm Cooper (shooting: rifle)
Andrew Holmes, Steven Redgrave, Martin Cross, Richard Budgett, Adrian Ellison (rowing: coxed fours)
Daley Thompson (decathalon)
Tessa Sanderson (javelin)
1988 Seoul
(5 gold medals)
Malcolm Cooper (shooting: rifle)
GB team (men’s hockey)
Andrew Holmes and Steven Redgrave (rowing: coxless pairs)
Michael McIntyre and Bryn Vaile (sailing: star class keelboat)
Adrian Moorhouse (100 metres breaststroke)
Introduction
1
Charles Moore,
Sunday Telegraph
, 8 March 2008.
Chapter 1
1
In September 1978, Peter Jenkins went so far as to write in the
Guardian
that Britain could prove to be the first country to
make ‘the journey from developed to under-developed’.
2
‘The Medium Term Assessment’, memorandum by Gavyn Davies, 17 June 1977, in Kenneth O. Morgan,
Callaghan, A Life
(1997), p. 576.
3
While at Upper Clayhill, Callaghan kept to a strict early morning routine of patrolling around his farm. Morgan,
Callaghan
, p.
375.
4
MORI’s private polling on 4 September 1978 suggested the Tories were on 47 per cent and Labour on 45 per cent (Morgan,
Callaghan
, p. 638). The following month, Gallup had Labour on 47.5 per cent and the Conservatives on 42 per cent, and in November, Labour on 48 per cent and the Conservatives on 43 per
cent.
5
Morgan,
Callaghan
, pp. 639–40.
6
Lady Callaghan obituary,
Daily Telegraph
, 17 March 2005.
7
Morgan,
Callaghan
, p. 641.
8
Callaghan to Cledwyn Hughes, 5 April 1976, in Morgan,
Callaghan
, p. 474.
9
Quoted in Morgan,
Callaghan
, p. 320; see also Morgan,
Callaghan
, pp. 760–1.
10
Morgan,
Callaghan
, pp. 318–22.
11
BBC news footage of Callaghan’s speech to the TUC conference, 5 September 1978.
12
The Times
, 6 September 1978.
13
Cabinet Papers, 7 September 1978 (
The Times
, 1 January 2009).
14
David Steel, interviewed for
The Night the Government Fell: A Parliamentary Coup
, broadcast on BBC Parliament channel, 28
March 2009.
15
Edmund Dell,
The Chancellors
(1996), p. 390.
16
National Archives; quoted in ‘Despot Planned Save Britain Fund’, BBC News website, 1 January 2005.
17
John Campbell,
Edward Heath, A Biography
(1993), p. 589.
18
‘Goodbye Great Britain’,
Wall Street Journal
, 29 April 1975; quoted in Kathleen Burk and Alec Cairncross,
Goodbye, Great Britain: The 1976 IMF Crisis
(1992), p. xiv.
19
Transcript of conversation between Henry Kissinger and Gerald Ford, 8 January 1975, Ford Library, copy in Margaret Thatcher
Foundation.
20
To the fore was David Stirling, the war hero and founder of the SAS, who established GB75, which he called ‘an organisation
of apprehensive patriots’ aiming to prevent the constitution’s subversion by the far left.
21
Nicholas Faith,
A Very Different Country: A Typically English Revolution
(2002), p. 195.
22
Susan Crosland,
Tony Crosland
(1982), p. 378.
23
Callaghan’s speech to the Labour Party conference, 28 September 1976; quoted in Dell,
The Chancellors
, p. 427.
24
The M3 measure of the money supply averaged 12 per cent growth between 1976 and 1979. It was 10 per cent in 1975–6. Peter
Clarke,
Hope and Glory
(1996), p. 351.
25
Dell,
The Chancellors
, p. 437.
26
The Times
, 31 December 1976.
27
Paul Ormerod, ‘Incomes Policy’, in M. J. Artis and David Cobham,
Labour’s Economic
Policies
1974–79
(1991), p. 56.
28
Gallup tracked support of the two main parties as follows:
29
Lipsey to Callaghan, Cabinet Papers, 5 October 1978 (
The Times
, 1 January 2009).
30
Jack Jones obituary,
The Times
, 23 April 2009.
31
The claim was made by Oleg Gordievsky, the KGB’s bureau chief in London between 1982 and 1985, who stated he had paid Jones
for information and ‘had the pleasure of reading volumes of his files which were kept at the British department of the KGB until 1985 when they were transferred to the archives’.
Gordievsky (who defected in 1985) claimed that Jones, given the codid ‘Dream’, was a ‘very disciplined, useful agent’ and that Jones’s wife had been a Comintern
agent since the mid-1930s. Jack Jones obituary,
Daily Telegraph
, 22 April 2009; Oleg Gordievsky, letter to the editor,
Daily Telegraph
, 28 April 2009.