206 Bayrimānī, al-Jawāb al-maṭlub , fol. 174b. Ḥusayn al-Baytimānī(d. 1762), who was an acquaintance of Bakr, composed a commentary on this poem, entitled al-Jawab almatlub ʿan sharh mawwal al-shaykh Ayyūb . It is very unlikely that Bakri did not know who composed the poem.
208 The idea, recurrent in for example Schimmel’s Mystical Dimensions of Islam, that the Naqshbandī mystics were opposed to the idea of the unity of existence is untenable. Several prominent mystics of the order subscribed to the idea; see Algar, “A Brief History of the Naqshbandī Order,” 21.
209 See his Iḍāḥal-dalālātf ī samāʿal-ālāt and Ghayat al-maṭlūbf ī maḥabbat al-maḥhub .
212 Nābulusī, Dīwān al-haqāʾiq, 1: 87. The “spirit of essences” ( Rūh al-dhawāt ) is presumably the Perfect Man, who—as mentioned earlier-is “the spirit of the universe” ( Rūḥ al-‘ālam ). The “most comprehensive attribute” ( atamm al-ṣifāt ) is presumably existence, which in one sense is an all-embracing attribute and in another sense is identical to God; see Izutsu, Sufism and Taoism 116.
214 Nābulusī, Dīwān al-ḥaqāʾiq , 1:148. The tradition is rejected by Shawkānī, al - Fawāʾid al-majmūʿah, 275 (tradition 275), and more mildly assessed by al-Qāri’ al-Harawī ( al-Asrār al-marfū’ah, 416-17) as a variant of the acceptable saying: “Seek the good from handsome countenances.”
215 Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam, 212 (note1).
216 Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam , 286; Schimmel, As Through a Veil , 46.
219 Nābulusī, Ghāyat al-maṭlūb , 93-117. For some of the traditions on which Nābwusī relies, see Munāwī, al-Fayḍ al-qadīr , 1: 483 (tradition 964), 5:325 (tradition 7469), 6:420 (tradition 9864).
229 Nābulusī, Khamrat bābil , 53-54. In the last line, Nābulusī is alluding to the dogma that someone who loves Muhammad-the Prophet—does not deserve to be confined to hell-fire. Note, however, that the line loses much of its force unless we suppose that the portrayed beloved is also called Muhammad.
235 According to Ibn ‘Arabī, man is called insān (which in Arabic also means pupil of the eye) “because God sees His creatures through man.” See Izutsu, Sufism and Taoism , 227; and Nicholson, Studies in Islamic Mysticism , 155-56.
237 The practice of indicating the name of the beloved by acrostics was common at the time. See, for instance, Nābulusī, Khamrat bābil, 223; al-Ḥafnī, Yusuf, Dīwān, fol. 34b and fol. 36b; ‘Ushārī, Dīwān, 520 and 534.
238 The Light of Muhammad was considered to be the first “determination” ( ta ‘ayyun ) of God, and the principle from which the universe was formed. See Nicholson, Studies in Islamic Mysticism, 103-21; Izutsu, Sufism and Taoism, 236-38.
241 Knysh, Ibn ‘Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition, 87ff., 209ff., 263ff.
242 al-Ghazzī, Najm al-Dīn, al-kawākib al-sāʾirah, 1:203-4 (on Zakariyyā al-Ansārī); Ibn Ábidīn, Radd al-muḥtār , 3:294 (who cites the opinion of Suyūṭī and Pashazade); Winter, Society and Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt, 163-64.
243 The completion of the mosque and the first Friday prayer there, attended by Sultan Salīm himself, are described by the contemporary chronicler Ibn Tūlūn, Mufākahat alkhillān , 2:79-80.
244 On the Wahhabi condemnation of Ibn al-Fāriḍ and Ibn ‘Arabī, see Majmū ‘at alrasā’ il , 1:47. On Ibn al-Amīr’s condemnation, see Ibn al-Amīr, Dīwān, 168-69.
245 The few scholars who continued to criticize Ibn ‘Arabī were by the eighteenth century clearly treated as mavericks. See Jabartī, ʿAjāʾib al-āthār, 1:313 ; al-Umarī, Yāsīn, Ghāyat al-marām, 384.
249 See Sha‘rānī’s comments on what he called al-waḥdah al-muṭlaqah in his Laṭāʾif al - minan, 1:23, and al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 2:42. On the later “interpolations” in Ibn ‘Arabī’s works, see Laṭā’if al-minan, 1:42, 2:29.
2 Bürgel, “Die beste Dichtung ist die lügenreichste,” 35.
3 See the representative discussion in ‘Alwān al-Ḥamawī, ‘Arā’is al-ghurar, 75ff.
4 See, for example, the Shāfi‘ī jurists Ibn Hajar, Tuḥfat al-muḥtāj, 7:193; al-Ramlī, Shams al-Dīn, Fatāwā, 3:169—70; Qalyūbū, Ḥāsbiyah, 1:177; the Ḥanafī jurists Ḥaṣkafī, al - Durr al-mukhtār, 1:298 (with the glosses of Ibn ‘Ābidīn) ; the Ḥanbalī jurist Buhūtī, Kashshāf al-qinā‘, 1:266; the Mālikī jurists Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-ṣaghīr, 1:289; Nafarāwī, al-Fawākih al-dawānī, 2:367. Apparently, only a few Malīkī scholars still left it open whether women had to veil their faces (see the glosses of Ṣāwī in Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-ṣaghīr, 1 : 289).
5 Ibn Hajar, al-Zawājir, 2:6; Ibn Hajar, Taḥrīr al-maqāl, 63.
13 Ibn Hajar, al-Zawājir, 2:141; Ibn Hajar, Taḥrīr al-maqāl, 63.
14 This was the position of’Abd al-Ghanī al-Nābulusī on music; see his Īdāh al-dalālāt, 72—73; see also al-Ghazzī, Kamal al-Dīn, al-Wird al-unsī, fol. 167b—168a.
16 al-Qawl al-mu ʿtabar fī bayān al-nazar; Nabulusi also polemicized against the position of Nawawī in Ghāyat al-maṭlūb, 23—41 (al-faṣl al-thānū: fī bayān ḥukm al-nazar ilā alwujūh al-ḥisān ).
18 al-Ghazzī, Kamal al-Dīn, al-Wird al-unsī, fol. 167a—b. Nābulusī’s attitude here is consistent with his stand on the traditional duty of “commanding the right and forbidding the wrong,” which he in effect neutralizes by stressing the need to avoid a self-righteous preoccupation with the faults of others; see Cook, Commanding the Right 325—28 .
19 This applies to jurists of the Ḥanafī and Mālikī schools of law. The Ḥanbalī and Shāfiʿī jurists held that the face was not taboo during prayer, but was taboo to unrelated men. See the discussions cited in note 4 to chapter 3, above.
22 Ibn Hajar, al-Zawājir , 2:143; in fact, premodern Arabic zoology knew of animals who practiced liwāṭ or were afflicted with ubnah; see Pellat, “Liwat,” 777a (citing alḤayawān of Jāḥiẓ).
23 Zurqānī, Sharḥ al-mukhtaṣar , 1:88 (with the glosses of Bannānī); Kharāshī, Sharḥ al-mukhtaṣar , 1:155 (with the glosses of ʿAdawī); Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-ṣaghīr , 1: 144—45 (with the glosses of Ṣāwī); Dardīr, al-Sharḥ al-kabīr , 1:106 (with the glosses of Dasūqī).