Before the Storm (107 page)

126
They had two million index cards:
McGirr, “Suburban Warriors,” 49.

126 For the Walter Knott legend: author interview with Gus Owen; “One Man's Crusade for Everybody's Freedom,”
Reader's Digest,
June 1964; and Roger Holmes,
Fabulous Farmer
(Los Angeles: Westernlore Publishers, 1956). For an IRS judgment against him for $60,000 for falsely claiming the Freedom Center as a business expense, see GRR, June 29, 1964.

127 For the boysenberry as welfare case, see Holmes,
Fabulous Farmer.

128 For Reagan and TVA, see Reagan and Hubler,
Where's the Rest of Me?,
268-69.

128 For Newburgh background: Joseph P. Ritz,
The Despised Poor: Newburgh's War on Welfare
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1966); Edgar May,
The Wasted Americans: Cost of Our Welfare Dilemma
(New York: Harper and Row, 1964); Edward Berkowitz,
America's Welfare State: From Roosevelt to Reagan
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1991), 103; James T. Patterson,
America's Struggle Against Poverty, 1900-1980
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981), 107-111; A.H. Raskin, “Newburgh's Lessons for the Nation,” NYHT, December 17, 1961;
Business Week,
July 22, 1961;
The Reporter,
August 17, 1961; NYT, July 22, 1961; USNWR, July 24, 1961;
Newsweek,
July 17, 1961;
The Nation,
September 19, 1961; and
Commonweal,
February 2, 1962.

129
“The colored people of this city”:
May,
Wasted Americans,
34.
The city manager, convinced:
ibid., 34.

129
“The dregs of humanity”:
ibid., 19.

129
“Your welfare check”:
ibid., 21. The Cadillac story and the exchange between Mitchell and Ryan is in
The Nation,
September 19, 1961.

130 The commission report is quoted in NYT, July 22, 1961; NR, July 29, 1961;
Business Week,
July 22, 1961; and May,
Wasted Americans,
22.

130 The thirteen points are quoted in May, 25-26.

131 NYT Mitchell profile (“Famous Overnight”) is June 24, 1961; the “Dark Ages” editorial is June 29, 1964.

131
“A substitute of police methods”:
Richard S. Wheeler, “The Battle of Newburgh,”
Insight and Outlook: A Conservative Student Journal
(October 1961).

131 The letters to NYT are dated July 7, 1961.

131 For
Cleveland Plain Dealer
and
Detroit Free Press,
see NYT, “News of the Week in Review,” July 16, 1961.

131 Liberal debunking is noted in
The Reporter,
August 17, 1961.

132
“It's a fine commentary”:
WSJ, July 10, 1961.

132
“I find myself in the unenviable”: Newsweek,
July 17, 1961.

132 I am greatly indebted to Jennifer Mittelstadt to author, March 31, 1998, for an
account of the social welfare context.
“Atomic engineers”
: Berkowitz,
America's Welfare State,
105.

133 YAF's march through the streets of Newburgh is described, and pictured, in Ritz,
The Despised Poor,
143-47. Liebman's scavenger work is in May,
The Wasted Americans,
30.

133 BMG's telegram is quoted in May, 28.

133 Mitchell's trip to Washington and his meeting with BMG is in NYHT, July 19, 1961.

134 For BMG tours for Nixon, see F. Clifton White with William Gill,
Suite 3505: The Story of the Draft Goldwater Movement
(New Rockelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1967), 24.
“GOLDWATER SAYS DON'T DODGE”: The Keynoter: The Magazine of the American Political Items Collectors
(Summer 1982): 4.

134 BMG interview in NYT: Robert Alan Goldberg,
Barry Goldwater
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995), 146. For his confrontation with Nixon in Phoenix, see Theodore H. White,
The Making of the President 1960
(New York: Atheneum, 1961), 357-58.

134 BMG's letters to Nixon and Hall are in Lee Edwards,
Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), 141.

135 For the New York GOP presidential strategy meeting and JFK's joke, see White,
Making of the President 1960, 356;
and Bill Adler,
More Kennedy Wit
(New York: Bantam, 1965), 19.

135 For votes for 1957 and 1960 Civil Rights Acts, see RNC Research Division, “Facts on the Civil Rights Record of Political Parties,” August 1963, JCJ. For 1960 Democratic Convention walkouts, see Tom Wicker,
JFK and LBJ: The Influence of Personality upon Politics
(Baltimore: Penguin, 1968), 60; and Jack Bass and Marilyn W. Thompson,
OL' Strom: An Unauthorized Biography of Strom Thurmond
(Atlanta: Longstreet, 1998), 190.

135
The biggest party in Atlanta:
White,
Making of the President 1960,
297.
In the capital of South Carolina:
Thompson to Rymer, “The Goldwater Tour of the South,” n.d. (September 1964), AHF, Box W3/4.

135 On the “Big Six” and the black swing vote, see White,
Making of the President 1960
, 255, 291; and Robert Novak,
The Agony of the GOP 1964
(New York: Macmillan, 1965), 77, 106. For Graham's blandishments, see Martin,
With God on Our Side,
52.

136
The Democrats whistle-stopped:
Robert J. Donovan, op-ed, LAT, February 5, 1964. For “counterfeit confederate” see Goldberg,
Barry Goldwater,
146.
But when Henry Cabot Lodge: Time,
May 15, 1964.

136 King's arrest, Wofford and Shriver's efforts, and RFK's horror is in Thomas C. Reeves,
A Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy
(New York: Free Press, 1991), 208-211; White,
Making of the President 1960,
251-53; and Christopher Matthews,
Kennedy and Nixon: The Rivalry That Shaped Postwar America
(New York: Touchstone, 1996), 171-73.

136 Robinson's entreaties to Nixon: Jackson Lears, TNR, February 2, 1998.
BMG's: Edwards,
Goldwater,
141; Robert Novak, “Barry and Me,”
The Weekly Standard,
June 15, 1998;
Time,
November 21, 1960.

137
“No Comment” Nixon:
Matthews,
Kennedy and Nixon,
173.
With a President Nixon, “there will be”:
“Georgians for Nixon-Lodge” flyer, FCW, Box 19.

137
If Eisenhower had pump-primed:
Robert Dallek,
Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson
and His Times, 1961-1973
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 72.
If not for Henry Cabot Lodge's:
author interview with Phyllis Schlafly.
If Henry Luce hadn't:
Martin,
With God on Our Side,
54.
They also pointed out that in Illinois:
Stephen Shadegg,
How to Win an Election
(New York: Taplinger, 1964), 18.

137
“It's just what I've been saying”: Time,
November 21, 1960.

137 For Tony Smith, see NYT obituary, September 12, 1991. For Air War College speech, see Shadegg,
What Happened to Goldwater?: The Inside Story of the 1964 Republican Campaign
(New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1965), 30; Buckley quote is Buckley to Manion, September 24, 1959, CM, Box 69/5. For speech to Congress of American Industry, see Cain,
They'd Rather Be Right,
105. Cartoon in NYHT, December 9, 1960.

138 For the effort to dump BMG from RSCC, see William Knowland editorial,
Oakland Tribune,
January 10, 1961; and Stephen Shadegg,
What Happened,
22. For the “Forgotten American” speech, see HE, January 27, 1961; Edwards,
Goldwater,
145; and Robert Novak, “Barry and Me.”

138 For BMG's votes in the Eighty-seventh Congress, see “Voting Record of Senator Goldwater,” AHF, Box W2/4. For education, see
Congressional Record,
May 23, 1961, 8664-76, and May 24, 1961, 8720-33.

139
“Salesman for a Cause”: Time,
June 23, 1961.
Conscience sales:
Andrew,
Other Side of the Sixties,
46.
Newsweek put Goldwater on the cover:
“Conservatism in the U.S.... And Its Leading Spokesman,”
Newsweek,
April 10, 1961.
Even the country's most liberal major daily:
NYP, May 5, 1961. For column growth:
Newsweek,
April 10, 1961; and
Time,
June 23, 1961.
His suite in the Old Senate Office Building:
“Goldwater vs. Rockefeller?,” CT, September 4, 1961.
A negative profile in Life:
Gore Vidal, “A Liberal Meets Mr. Conservative,”
Life,
June 1961.

139 For JFK's legislative failures, see Wicker,
JFK and LBJ,
25-150.

139 For JFK approval ratings, see Matthews,
Kennedy and
Nixon, 194; and Reeves,
A Question of Character,
2.

140
Barry Goldwater gave 225 speeches:
Robert Novak, WSJ, September 14, 1962.
“The favorite son of a state of mind”:
Richard Whalen,
Taking Sides: A Personal View of America from Kennedy to Nixon to Kennedy
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), 92.

 

141
“Sometimes, I'm afraid that the Good Lord”:
interview with W. W. Rostow in CNN documentary
Cold War,
Episode IX, prod. Jeremy Isaacs.

141
It was, said Khrushchev:
Jeremy Isaacs and Taylor Downing,
Cold War: An Illustrated History, 1945-1991
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1998), 170.

141 My main sources for the Berlin crisis are Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, eds.,
The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997), 1-43; and Thomas C. Reeves, A
Question of Character: A Life of John F. Kennedy
(New York: Free Press, 1991), 292-309.

142
In Rockford, Illinois, Barry Goldwater:
“Salesman for a Cause,”
Time,
June 23, 1961.

142
“And if that means war”:
Reeves,
A Question of Character,
299.

142 July 25, 1961, speech is in PPP: JFK, 533-40.

143 For the bomb shelter panic in the summer of 1961 I draw on Margot A. Henriksen,
Dr. Strangelove's America: Society and Culture in the Atomic Age
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 200-217; and Allan M. Winkler,
Life Under a Cloud: American Anxiety About the Atom
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 126-31.

144
Was like talking to a statue: Cold War,
Episode IX.

144
“They'd kick me in the nuts”:
Reeves,
A Question of Character,
307.

144
Time Inc. even helped:
Allan C. Carlson, “Foreign Policy and ‘The American Way': The Rise and Fall of the Post-World War II Consensus,”
This World
(Spring/ Summer 1983).

145
“Now we have a problem”:
Stanley Karnow,
Vietnam: A History
(New York: Viking Press, 1983), 248. E. M. Dealey's crack is quoted in Pierre Salinger,
With Kennedy
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966), 143. My interpretation of the origins of the Vietnam escalation in nuclear fears stemming from the Berlin crisis is indebted to Francis X. Winters,
The Year of the Hare: America in Vietnam, January
25,
1963-February 15, 1964
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997).

145
“Would stimulate bitter”:
Lloyd C. Gardner and Ted Gittinger,
Vietnam: The Early Decisions
(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), 20. For JFK's meeting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff on Vietnam, see ibid., ,101.

145 For the development of distrust between JFK and his Joint Chiefs of Staff, see George C. Herring, “Conspiracy of Silence: LBJ, the Joint Chiefs, and Escalation of the War in Vietnam,” in Gardner and Ted Gittinger,
Vietnam: The Early Decisions;
H. R. McMaster,
Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies that Led to Vietnam
(New York: HarperCollins, 1997); May and Zelikow, eds.,
The Kennedy Tapes,
1-43; Curtis LeMay,
Mission with LeMay: My Story
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1965); and the novel by Fletcher Knebel and Charles W. Bailey II,
Seven Days in May
(New York: Harper and Row, 1962), and the film based on it (1964).

146 For the Mosk report, see Stanley Mosk and Howard H. Jewel, “The Birch Phenomenon Analyzed,” NYTM, August 20, 1961.

146 For the 1956 “brain-washing” report, see Catherine Lutz, “The Psychological Ethic and the Spirit of Containment,”
Public Culture
(Winter 1997): 135-59. My sources for the 1958 NSC directive, the Fulbright memo, and the right-wing response to the 1958 NSC directive are NYT, June 18, 1961; “The Radical Right,” Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Intergroup Relations Conference, 1965; and Dr. Frederick Schwarz,
Beating the Unbeatable Foe: The Story of the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1996), 253.

146 For the Foreign Policy Research Institute, see Sara Diamond,
Roads to Dominion: Right-Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States
(New York: Guilford, 1995), 47; Louis Morton and Gene Lyons, “Schools for Strategy,”
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
March 1961; Fred J. Cook, “The Ultras: Aims, Affiliations, and Finances of the Radical Right,” special issue,
The Nation,
June 30, 1962; and WS, November 10, 1963.

146 On Pensacola, see Intergroup Relations Conference, “The Radical Right,” conference proceedings, 1965. For “preventive war,” see Cook, “The Ultras” (for Wright quote); and Richard Rhodes, “The General and World War III,”
The New Yorker,
June 19, 1995.