Bolivar: American Liberator (111 page)

Palacios, Josefa,
174

Palacios, Juan Félix, as Juan Vicente Bolívar’s guardian,
25

Palacios, Leandro,
157
,
194
,
213
,
220

Palacios, Pedro,
40
,
43
,
46
,
48
,
50
,
77
,
81
–82

Palacios family,
57
,
182

Bolívar fortune and,
24
,
25
,
32
,
37
–38,
43

Palacios y Blanco, Doña María de la Concepción (Doña Concepción),
7
–8,
13
,
14
,
15
,
20
,
21
–22

background of,
18

death of,
24

failing health of,
23
–24

marriage of Don Juan Vicente and,
17
–18

Palacios y Sojo, Feliciano,
18

Palacios y Sojo, Pedro,
18

Palma, Ricardo,
457

Pamplona Province, Colombia,
136
,
137
,
243
,
244

Panama,
288
,
354
,
420
,
454
,
456
,
565

SB on,
176

Pan Americanism,
331

“Panoramic View of Spanish America” (Bolívar),
423

Pantano de Vargas, Battle of (1819),
223
,
236
,
237
,
259

Páramo de Pisba, Colombia,
2
,
231
–32

pardos,
12
,
28
,
83
,
95
,
102
,
152
,
163
,
172
,
193

in patriot army,
199
–200,
205

Paris, France,
52
–53,
66
–67,
71

cultural life of,
53

París, Mariano,
443

París, Pepe,
394
,
400
,
403

Paris, Treaty of (1783),
6

Pasto, Colombia,
86
,
238
,
270
,
281
,
283
,
299
,
318
,
411
,
414
,
417
,
440

royalist uprising in,
306
–7

surrender of,
287

Pativilca, Peru,
315
,
317
,
318

Patriota de Venezuela, El,
97

patriot army:

blacks in,
186

British mercenaries in,
217
–20,
225
,
228
,
231
–32,
234
,
247
,
263
,
387

defections from,
136
,
143

killing Spaniards as goal of,
140
–41

in Magdalena campaign,
132
–34

Pardos in,
199
–200,
205

as reluctant to invade Venezuela,
138

Patriotic Society,
97
,
98
,
100

Paulding, Hiram,
58
,
66

Paúl, Francisco Antonio,
117

Peale, Charles Willson,
57

Peña, Miguel,
120
–21,
122

peninsulares,
Creole resentment of,
19
–20

Perry, Oliver Hazard,
259

Peru,
86
,
173
,
204
,
238
,
273
,
354
,
376
,
454

Argentina retreat from,
314

assassination plot against SB in,
357

Bolivian constitution adopted by,
352

Colombian army in,
305
,
313
,
320

congress of,
308
,
311
,
339

Creoles in,
347

criticisms of SB in,
356
–57,
460

gold in,
310
–11

in Guayaquil attack,
399
,
412
,
413

Indians in,
311
,
312
,
323
,
344

mutiny of Colombian 3rd Division in,
362
,
372
,
373
,
538

Olañeta’s rebellion in,
320
–21,
339
,
344
–45

political upheaval in,
456

post-liberation discord in,
349
–50

post-liberation insurrections in,
390

power vacuum in,
305
,
308

San Martín as Protector of,
286
,
516

San Martín’s conquest of,
276
–77

San Martín’s difficulties in,
294
–95

San Martín’s liberation of,
271
–72,
290

San Martín’s plans for monarchy in,
277
,
294
,
299
–300,
516
,
520

Santa Cruz as president of,
358

SB on future of,
176
–77

SB on national character of,
344
,
533

SB’s critics in,
385
,
460

SB’s governmental reorganization of,
338

SB’s peace negotiations with,
418
,
420

SB’s social reforms in,
344

silver in,
323

slavery in,
310
–11,
323

Túpac Amaru II rebellion in,
29
–30

Peruvian army, SB’s buildup of,
319
–20

Pétion, Alexandre,
178
–79,
186
,
190
,
212

Pezuela, Viceroy,
277

Philadelphia, Pa.,
72

Philip II, King of Spain,
9

Philip V, King of Spain,
13

Piar, Manuel,
136
,
162
,
164
,
179
,
185
,
189
,
190
,
192
,
214
,
408
,
502

arrest and court-martial of,
198

background of,
196

execution of,
199
–200,
458

Guayana stronghold of,
190
,
193
,
195
–97

as pardo,
155
,
196

SB and,
162
,
163
,
193
,
195
–98,
202

Pichincha, Battle of (1822),
287

Pichincha, Mount,
286
–87

Pickering, Timothy,
74

Picón, Gabriel,
144

Picornell, Juan Bautista,
36

Pio (SB’s manservant),
177

Pisco, Peru,
262

Pitt, William,
69

Pittsburgh Gazette,
110

Pius VII, Pope,
65

Pizarro, Francisco,
304
,
364
,
523

Plaza, Ambrosio,
239
,
250
,
251
,
265
,
278
–79

poder moral,
224

Polly,
68
,
70

Popayán, Colombia,
280
,
412
,
423
,
425

Port-au-Prince, Haiti,
178
–79,
190
,
191

Portugal,
78

Iberian invasion of,
77

Potosí, Bolivia,
313
,
347
,
361

Pradt, Bishop Dominique de,
315
–16,
447
,
526

Prussia,
174

Puerto Cabello,
118
,
235
,
422

massacre of prisoners at,
458

Páez’s capture of,
314
,
367

SB as commander of,
112
,
113
,
114
–17,
119
,
124
,
126
,
129
,
157

as Spanish stronghold,
145
,
146
,
150
,
153
,
155
–56,
257
,
263
,
299
,
314

Pueyrredón, Juan de,
204
–5,
273
–74

Pumacahua, Mateo,
173

Queseras del Medio, Battle of (1819),
225
–26,
233

Quito, Ecuador,
86
,
238
,
246
,
247
,
268
,
270
,
278
,
280
,
283
,
287
–88,
295
,
299
,
305
,
306
,
307
,
411
,
417
,
423
,
463

Creole’s rebellion in,
83

SB in,
287
,
289

Sucre’s conquest of,
286

Rabonas,
324

race:

Cédulas and,
28
–29

in heritage of Spanish America,
200

hierarchy of,
10
–13,
28
–29

and independence movement,
86
–87

mixing of,
12
,
13
,
28

rebellions and,
29
–30

SB on,
223

racial conflict:

Legions of Hell as fueled by,
151
–52,
153
,
158
,
164

Spanish manipulation of,
153
,
164

racism,
463

Récamier, Mme de,
54

repartimiento,
12

republicans, Morillo’s wholesale executions and enslavement of,
182

Restrepo, José Manuel,
414
–15,
556

Révérend, Alejandro,
451
,
452
–53,
454
,
455

Ribas, Francisco,
126

Ribas, José Félix,
77
,
81
–82,
126
,
129
,
136
–37,
138
,
139
,
144
,
156
–57,
162
–63,
164
–65,
174
,
197

background of,
77
,
81
–82,
126

children under command of,
156

death and dismemberment of,
164
–65,
174

devastated Ocumare entered by,
156
–57

SB and,
126
,
129
,
136
–37,
138
,
139
,
162
–63,
197

victories of,
144
,
156

Rincón de Toros,
212

Riva Agüero, José de la,
305
–6,
308
,
311
,
312
–13,
314
,
350
,
356
,
419
,
471

arrest and exile of,
313
,
554

Robespierre, Maximilien de,
69

Robinson, Samuel,
see
Rodríguez, Simón

Rocafuerte, Vicente,
53

Rodríguez, Rosalia,
35

Rodríguez, Simón (Samuel Robinson),
32
,
33
–34,
53
,
58
,
60
–61,
65
–66,
210
,
293
,
343
,
348
,
457

character of,
35

in Italian trip,
61
–63

as SB’s tutor,
34
–37

Rodríguez del Toro, María Teresa,
see
Toro, María Teresa Rodríguez del

Rodríguez de Velasco y Osorio, María Ignacia,
40
–41

Roergas de Serviez, Manuel,
56

Rojas, Andrés,
197

Rome, Italy,
63

Rondón, Juan José,
226
,
233
,
234

Rooke, James,
218
–19,
229
,
234

Roscio, Juan Germán,
102
,
117
,
247

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
20
,
36
,
61
,
99
,
269

royalist army, defections from,
140
,
143
,
144

Rubín de Celis, Joaquín,
503
,
530
–31

Russia,
174

Saavedra, Francisco,
42
,
43

Sábato, Ernesto,
463

Sáenz, Manuela,
301
,
341
–42,
374
,
399
,
407
,
414
,
422
,
519
,
526
,
561

arrest and deportation of,
362

assassination plots foiled by,
397
,
400
–402,
403

background of,
289

in Bogotá,
382
,
394
–405,
432

death threats against,
445

liberals’ confrontations with,
441
–45

marriage of,
290

as member of SB’s staff,
316
–17

in Paita,
457

respect of SB’s generals earned by,
361
–62

SB’s death and,
456
–57

and SB’s departure from Bogotá,
436
,
438

as SB’s lover,
289
,
291
–92,
307
–8,
322
–23,
329
,
359
–60,
361
–62,
381
,
382
,
394
–405,
432
,
453