Bolivar: American Liberator (108 page)

Carcelén Larréa, Mariana, Marquesa de Solanda,
352
,
551

Cariaco, Mount,
281

Carlos IV, King of Spain,
26
,
41
–42,
77

SB’s contempt for,
80

Carlyle, Thomas,
458

Carreño, Alejandro,
35

Cartagena, Colombia,
109
,
121
,
134
,
136
,
138
,
167
–68,
238
,
390

Castillo in,
169

SB in,
128
–29,
167
–68,
439
,
441
,
445
–48

Cartagena Manifesto,
130
–31,
133
,
489

Carujo, Pedro,
397
,
398
–99,
401
,
402
,
403
,
404
,
444
,
550

Carúpano, Venezuela,
186

Casa Fuerte,
200
–201

Casa León, Marquis de,
117
–18,
124
–25,
145
,
160

Casanare,
230

Casas, Juan de,
79
,
80
–82

Castilla
[battleship],
88

Castillo, José María del,
392
,
393
,
398
,
403
–4,
414
,
429
,
546

Castillo, Manuel del,
137
,
169
,
197

animosity to SB of,
136
,
138
–39,
169
–70,
564

execution of,
182
–83,
546

and Spanish siege of Cartagena,
172
–73

Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia,
69

Catholic Church,
10
,
93

caudillos,
136

Cedeño, Manuel,
190
,
192
,
265

Cédulas de Gracias al Sacar,
28

Central America,
176

Central America, Federal Republic of,
354

Cerro de Pasco,
321
,
323
–24

Cevallos, José de,
153
,
186

Chacabuco, Battle of (1817),
274
–75

Charleston, S.C.,
72

Charles V, King of Spain,
8
,
11

Charles X, King of France,
415
–16

Charlotte, Queen of Portugal,
78

Chávez, Hugo, SB’s legend exploited by,
461
–62

Chile,
273
,
354

post-liberation discord in,
347

San Martín’s liberation of,
273
–76

SB on,
176

Chimborazo
[brigantine],
310

Chimborazo, Mount,
293

Chinchaycocha, Lake,
325

Chirino, José Leonardo,
30
–31,
32

cholos,
277

Choroní, Venezuela,
187

Cisneros Torres, Pedro,
503
,
531

Clay, Henry,
260
–61,
288
,
337
,
370

SB criticized by,
383
–85

Clemente, Anacleto,
71
,
480

Clemente, Pablo,
32
–34

Clemente Francia, Pablo,
24

Cobier, Julia,
177

Cochrane, Charles,
239

Cochrane, Thomas,
88
,
276
–77,
286
,
294
,
298
,
301

Cockburn, George,
158

Cojedes, Venezuela,
212

Coll y Pratt, Narciso, Archbishop of Venezuela,
163
,
164
,
173
,
493

Colombia,
267
–68,
454

Santander as president of,
456

SB’s resignation as president of,
338

Colombian army,
298

in Peru,
305
,
313
,
320

Colonel Simón Bolívar,
130
–31

Columbus, Christopher,
10
,
11

Common Sense
(Paine),
20

Congress of Panama,
346
–47,
353
–55,
356
,
385

Constant, Benjamin,
54
,
419

Constitution of Cádiz (1812),
113
–14

Ferdinand’s abolition of,
158
,
170
,
248

restoration of,
248
,
253

Cordillera Blanca,
321

Córdova, José María,
334
,
395
–96,
402
,
403
,
412
–13,
414
,
555

rebellion of,
416
–17,
418
,
425
,
426
,
556

Corinne: Or, Italy
(de Staël),
63

Cormic, M.,
72

Cornwallis, Lord,
48

Coroní missions,
195
,
197

Coró, Venezuela,
31
,
70
,
71
,
86
,
87
,
95
,
103
,
104
,
106
,
107
,
109
,
238
,
263

Correa, Ramón,
137

Cortés de Madariaga, Canon José,
85
–86,
87
,
201

Costas, José Antonio,
361

Costas, María Joaquina,
361
,
537

Council of the Indies,
19
,
27
,
106

Creoles,
12
,
30
,
76
,
82
,
159

attempted junta of,
80

black rebellion as fear of,
30

hatred of colored races for,
153

llaneros’ hatred of,
152

Miranda excoriated by,
119

in New Granada,
131

peninsulares resented by,
19
–20

in post-liberation South America,
410

as second-class citizens,
13
,
19

taxation of,
27
,
30

Venezuelan coup of,
84
–86

Cúcuta, Battle of (1813),
137
–38

Cúcuta, Colombia,
136
,
137
,
238
,
250
,
252
–53,
269
,
270
,
271

Cuenca, Ecuador,
413

Cumanaco, Venezuela,
213

Cumaná Province, Venezuela,
135
,
136
,
150
,
161
,
164
,
185
,
190
,
191
,
197
,
200
,
213

Cunaviche Indians,
207
,
503

Curaçao,
127

Cuyo, Argentina,
273

Cuzco, Peru,
29
,
321
,
323
,
327
,
343
,
360

Declaration of Independence, U.S.,
30
,
74

“Declaration of the Rights of Man” (1789),
30

democracy:

SB on,
268
–69

SB’s loss of faith in,
5
,
458

Denis-Lagarde, Pierre,
54

Dervieu du Villars, Count,
54
,
55
,
62

Dervieu du Villars, Denis de Trobriand “Fanny,” Countess of,
53
–55,
57
,
60
,
62
–63,
67
,
84
,
435
,
477
,
478

Díaz, José Domingo,
81
,
96
,
107
–8

Ducoudray, Luis,
173
,
179
,
184
,
189
–90,
419

Ecuador,
354
,
376
,
383
,
441
,
454
,
456
,
463

Obando’s rebellion in,
411
–13,
414

secession of,
435

Sucre as SB’s choice for leader of,
410
–11

El Correo del Orinoco,
214
–15

El Demócrata,
440

El Dorado,
8
–9

Embargo Act, U.S. (1807),
79
,
111

Emigración a Oriente
(Salas),
494

Émile
(Rousseau),
36

Emparán, Vicente,
82
,
83
,
87

ouster of,
84
–86,
482

encomiendas,
10

English, Mary,
378
,
381
,
542

Enlightenment,
20
,
30
,
35
,
61
,
269
,
457
,
463

Escobar, Esteban,
38
–41

España, José María,
36
,
38
,
69
–70

Espejo, Francisco,
117

Espinosa, José M.,
550

federalists,
306

Ferdinand I, King of Spain,
27
,
471

Ferdinand VII, King of Spain,
46
,
77
–78,
79
,
82
,
86
,
89
,
103
,
158
,
170
,
247
,
253
,
262
,
270

1812 constitution abolished by,
158
,
170
,
248

restoration of,
153

SB’s disdain of,
80

Ferguson, Colonel,
399
,
402

Fierro, Manuel del,
135
,
146

Flinter, George,
419

Flores, General,
383
,
410
–11,
412
,
429
,
435
,
440
,
441
,
449
,
456

Florida, U.S. purchase of,
259
,
261

Fontainebleau, Treaty of (1807),
78

Forsyth, Samuel D.,
260

Fortoul, Gil,
56

France:

in “quasi-war” with U.S.,
39

on world stage,
52

Franklin, Benjamin,
6
,
19

Freemasons,
67
,
92
–93,
273
,
277
,
479

French Revolution,
30
,
39
,
42

Gaceta de Caracas,
134
,
215
,
248
,
253
,
484

Galán, José Antonio,
30

Galindo, Fernando,
198
–99

Gamarra, Agustín,
360
,
390
,
411
,
418

Garaycoa, Joaquina and Manuela,
521

Garibaldi, Giuseppe,
457

Gazeta de Caracas,
97
,
484

General Wellington
[brigantine],
88

George Canning
[frigate],
273

George IV, King of England,
387
,
419

Gil de Castro, José,
537

Gill, Charles,
94

Girardot, Atanasio,
139
,
144
,
145
,
150
–51

Godoy, Manuel de,
42
,
47
–48,
77
–78

González, Florentino,
251
–52,
397
,
398
,
401
–2,
404
,
548
,
550

Goya, Francisco de,
45

Great American Reunion,
92
–93

Great Britain:

American blockade of,
111

arms trade outlawed by,
155

Bolivian constitution and,
351

Colombia recognized by,
337

Latin American commercial interests of,
355

loan to Colombia of,
370
–72

in Napoleonic Wars,
71
,
79
,
88
,
101

and South American revolutions,
174

in War of 1812,
111
–12,
157

in war with Spain,
41
–42,
43

Great Constitutional Convention,
388
–93

Greater Colombia, Republic of,
246
–47,
252
,
254
,
259
,
265
,
268
,
354

in armistice with Spain,
254
–55,
261

army of,
see
Colombian army

British loan to,
370
–72

British recognition of,
337

command of Colombian army given to Sucre,
329

congress of,
270
–71,
308
,
329
,
435

constitutional monarchy envisioned for,
414
–15,
424
,
553
,
556
,
562

constitution of,
306

Córdova’s rebellion in,
416
–17,
418
,
425
,
426

deficit of,
420

dissolution of,
456

1830 constitutional convention in,
428

1830 constitution of,
435
–36

emancipation of slaves in,
249