Cadillac Desert (97 page)

—. Memorandum to Chief of Allocation and Repayment Division, “Delay in amendatory repayment contract material review,” November 2, 1949.

Dugan, H.P., et al. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner Dominy, “OBE-ERS Presentation,” March 30, 1965.

Dugan, Patrick. Blue envelope letter to Commissioner Dominy, April 22, 1966.

Lineweaver, Goodrich. Letter to Floyd Dominy, September 2, 1949.

—. Memorandum to E. D. Eaton, September 2, 1949.

Nelson, Harold. Memorandum to Commissioner Dominy, “Extension of Columbia River Basin Account Benefits to Older Projects,” February 19, 1968.

Pafford, Robert. Letter to Brigadier General Arthur H. Frye, Jr., November 8, 1963.

Peterson, E. L. Letter to Secretary of the Interior, “Garrison Diversion Project,” November 20, 1957.

Saylor, John. “Is Power Really Reclamation’s Paying Partner? Or Hominy Dominy Sat on the Wall.” Extended remarks in
Congressional Record,
February 11, 1965.

Straus, Michael. Memorandum to regional director, Billings, Montana, “Proposed Repayment Contracts, Milk River Project,” July 12, 1949.

Straus, Michael, Lewis Pick, J. A. Krug, and Kenneth Royall. Letter to the President, April 11, 1949.

CHAPTER SIX: Rivals in Crime

The account of the Corps of Engineers’ coup on the Tulare Basin rivers in California is taken mainly from Arthur Maass’s
Muddy Waters.
For the story of Garrison Dam and the drowning of the Three Tribes, I have relied largely on Arthur Morgan’s
Dams and Other Disasters.

The competition between the Corps and the Bureau is something of which I was completely unaware (as most conservationists are, too) until I came across the Bureau’s secret “blue envelope” files. Spokesmen for the Corps of Engineers were of no help in corroborating this information. The Marysville Dam episode, however, was largely corroborated in interviews with Robert Pafford, one of the chief actors. The self-defeating competition on California’s North Coast rivers was similarly corroborated by David Shuster, formerly operations manager of the Central Valley Project, and to a lesser degree by William Warne.

Some of the Rampart Dam story is based on interviews with Floyd Dominy and John Gottschalk.

Other important interviews for this chapter:
David Weiman, Richard Madson, George Piper, Ed Green, General John Woodland Morris (ret.), H. P. Dugan, Peter Carlson, John Marlin, Tom Barlow, Jim Cook, Norman Livermore, Richard Wilson, Jim Casey, Edmund G. Brown, Sr., Ronald B. Robie, Gerald Meral, James Flannery, Brent Blackwelder, Anthony Wayne Smith, Raphael Kazmann, Guy Martin.

BOOKS

Frank, Bernard, and Anthony Netboy.
Water, Land and People.
New York: Knopf, 1950.

Hart, Henry C.
The Dark Missouri.
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1957.

Maass, Arthur.
Muddy Waters: The Army Engineers and the Nation’s Rivers.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1951.

Morgan, Arthur.
Dams and Other Disasters.
Boston: Porter Sargent, 1971.

Schad, Theodore, and John Kerr Rose.
Reclamation: Accomplishments and Contributions.
Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Legislative Reference Service, 1958.

Terral, Rufus.
The Missouri Valley.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1947.

Williams, Albert N.
The Water and the Power.
New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1951.

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS

“Audit reveals Pick-Sloan poorly run, loss of funds.”
Lincoln Sunday Journal and Star,
1977.

“Audits Show Unbusinesslike Management of Western Basin Accounts.” Environmental Policy Center, Washington, D.C. (undated).

“Budget includes funds for CENDAK planning.”
Huron
(S.D.)
Daily Plainsman,
February 1, 1983.

Brooks, Paul. “The Plot to Drown Alaska.”
The Atlantic Monthly,
May 1965.

“CENDAK benefits might not offset costs, new study says.”
Huron
(S.D.)
Daily Plainsman,
December 9, 1981.

“Conflicts Among Agencies Peril Water Development.”
Willows
(Calif.) Daily
Journal,
July 27, 1965.

De Roos, Robert, and Arthur Maass. “The Lobby That Can’t Be Licked: Congress and the Army Engineers.”
Harper’s,
May 1949.

“Friction Periling Vast Water Plan.”
Willows
(Calif.)
Daily Journal,
July 27, 1965.

“Garrison: The Canadian Concern.” Manitoba Department of Natural Resources, Winnipeg, Canada (undated).

Garrison Diversion: Opposing Views.
A compendium published by the Red River Valley Historical Society, March 1981.

Gruening, Ernest. “The Plot to Strangle Alaska.”
The Atlantic Monthly,
July 1965.

Jacobs, Mike. “The Garrison Diversion Project is North Dakota’s history, and destiny.”
High Country News,
September 17, 1984.

Oakes, John. “Pork—U.S. Prime.”
New York Times,
July 29, 1981.

A Review of the Environmental, Economic, and International Aspects of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota.
Committee on Government Operations, U.S. Congress 1976.

U.S. Department of the Interior. “Alaska Natural Resources and the Rampart Project,” June 1967.

LETTERS, MEMORANDA, MISCELLANEOUS

Bellport, Barney. Blue envelope letter to Commissioner, “Determination of optimum size of power plant—Auburn Dam,” March 21, 1968.

Bureau of Reclamation. “Need for an Accelerated Water Resources Development Program, North Coast Project, California” (undated).

Cassidy, General W. F. Speech at Topical Conference on Hydraulics, Davis, California, August 16, 1962.

Chief, Division of Project Development, Bureau of Reclamation. Memorandum to Commissioner, “GAO Report on Central and Southern Florida Project,” Corps of Engineers, December 24, 1964.

Dickinson, Phil. Letter to J. A. Krug, Secretary of the Interior-designate, March 28, 1946.

Dominy, Floyd E. Blue envelope letter to Pat Dugan, April 13, 1960.

—. Letter to Claire and Donald Hanna, April 15, 1955.

—. Memorandum to Kenneth Holum, “Understandings with the Corps—Columbia River Basin,” December 20, 1961.

Holum, Kenneth. Letter to Elmer Staats, “Coordination of Bureau of Reclamation and Corps of Engineers investigations programs,” November 14, 1961 (includes report on subject).

Jennings, Robert. Blue envelope letter to Floyd Dominy, Associate Commissioner of Reclamation, March 5, 1959.

Johnson, Bruce. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner of Reclamation, “Joint Study Missouri River, Fort Peck to Great Falls,” May 9, 1963.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, “Memorandum of Agreement with the Corps of Engineers,” May 19, 1962.

—. Blue envelope letter to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, “Oahe Unit Feasibility Report,” April 18, 1960.

Mangan, John. Memorandum to Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation, Boise, Idaho, “Conversation with Mr. Don Lane, Oregon State Water Resources Board,” January 22, 1965.

Nelson, H. T. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner of Reclamation, “Relationships with the Corps of Engineers—Umatilla River Basin, Oregon,” April 24, 1962.

Nelson, Harold. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner, “Army Bureau relationships in the Northwest states,” November 30, 1961.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, “Interior and Insular Affairs Committee vs. Public Works Committee approach to water resource development authorizations,” February 9, 1965.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, “So-called ‘Information Bulletin’ issued by the Corps of Engineers re: Rogue River Basin, Oregon,” February 20, 1962.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, “Subcommittee on Public Works visitation to flood disaster areas—California—Oregon,” January 22, 1965.

Pafford, Robert. Blue envelope letter to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, February 4, 1966.

—. Blue envelope letter to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, August 4, 1966.

Project Manager, Bureau of Reclamation, Bismarck, North Dakota. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner, “Meeting with Local Interests in Minot,” July 10, 1959.

A [Missouri]
River Basin Management Post-Audit and Analysis.
Arthur O. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 1973.

Roberts, Daryl L. Blue envelope letter to Floyd E. Dominy, April 7, 1961.

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. Letter to Harold Ickes, May 29, 1940.

—. Letter to Harold D. Smith, June 1, 1940.

Sanders, Barefoot. Memorandum to Jim Jones, the White House, July 29, 1968.

Spencer, John. Blue envelope letter to Floyd Dominy, February 19, 1960.

Stamm, Gilbert. Blue envelope memorandum to Floyd Dominy, Commissioner of Reclamation, “Establishment of a wild river on Yellowstone River above Emigrant, Montana,” February 3, 1965.

White, Lee C. Memorandum to President Lyndon Johnson, “Meeting with Alaska Congressional Delegation,” March 31, 1964.

CHAPTER SEVEN: Dominy

The most important source for this chapter was Floyd Dominy himself. He regaled me with exploits and achievements that made for irresistible listening. Anyone who has ever worked with Dominy has a story or tale to relate—and I’ve tried to select the best.

John McPhee’s
Encounters with the Archdruid,
in which Floyd Dominy and David Brower raft the Colorado River together, arguing nearly all the way, is some of the best journalism published in years.

BOOKS

McPhee, John.
Encounters with the Archdruid.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970.

Robinson, Michael.
Water for the West.
Chicago: Public Works Historical Society, 1979.

Warne, William.
The Bureau of Reclamation.
New York: Praeger, 1973.

LETTERS, MEMORANDA, AND ARTICLES

Anonymous. “Ode to Domine Dominy,” April 18, 1955.

Bellport, Barney. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, “Criticism for development of irrigation projects,” February 18, 1965.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, “Replacement of American Falls Dam,” May 24, 1967.

Buckman, H. H., President, National Rivers and Harbors Congress. Letter to Floyd Dominy, April 19, 1962.

“The Crisis in Water: Its Sources, Pollution and Depletion,” Saturday
Review,
October 23, 1965.

Crandall, David. Blue envelope letter to Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, “Wyoming items for possible inclusion in Colorado River Project legislation,” January 27, 1967.

—. Memorandum to Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, June 23, 1967.

Director, Columbia Basin Project. Blue envelope letter to Commissioner Floyd E. Dominy, January 28, 1969.

Dominy, Floyd. Blue envelope letter to B. P. Bellport, Bureau of Reclamation, August 13, 1965.

—. Blue envelope letter to Clyde Spenser, Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, July 12, 1954.

—. Blue envelope letter to Gilbert Stamm, November 7, 1952.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Assistant Commissioner and Chief Engineer, “Escalation in Construction Contracts,” March 15, 1960.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Assistant Secretary for Water and Power, Department of the Interior, “Proposed employment of Robert J. Pafford, Jr., as Regional Director, Region II,” December 11, 1962.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Chief Engineer, “Bureau of Reclamation Flag,” April 25, 1966.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, “Audubon Society Convention,” August 4, 1966.

—. Blue envelope memorandum to Secretary of the Interior, “Planned engagements and related travel for Commissioner of Reclamation,” May 8, 1962.

—. Letter to Alfred Etter, November 23, 1965.

—. Letter to Senator Carl Hayden, September 6, 1966 (with attachments).

—. Personal memorandum to files, “Meeting with Commissioner Dexheimer et al.—Columbia Basin anti-speculation and excess land problems—February 28, 1956,” March 12, 1956.

—. Professional Diary (miscellaneous items, 1954—55).

“Dominy Foresees Water Sharing Need After Northwest Meets Requirements,”
Idaho Daily Statesman,
January 22, 1965.

“Dominy’s Appointment Tipoff to Repayment,”
Columbia Basin Herald,
January 18, 1961.

Dugan, H. P. Blue envelope memorandum to Commissioner, Bureau of Reclamation, “January 18 meeting of Nebraska Mid-State Reclamation District Board.” January 20, 1965.