Authors: Philip Dwyer
126
. J. R. Watson,
Romanticism and War: A Study of British Romantic Period Writers and the Napoleonic Wars
(Basingstoke, 2003), p. 85.
127
. Thomas U. Sadleir (ed.),
An Irish Peer on the Continent (1801–1803): Being a Narrative of the Tour of Stephen, 2nd Earl Mount Cashell, through France, Italy, etc., as related by Catherine Wilmot
(London, 1920), pp. 1–2.
128
. Mavor (ed.),
The Grand Tours of Katherine Wilmot
, p. 10.
129
. Blagdon,
Paris As It Was and As It Is
, i. p. 2; Yorke,
France in Eighteen Hundred and Two
, pp. 16–17.
130
. Lanzac de Laborie,
Paris sous Napoléon
, ii. pp. 339–40.
131
. Yorke,
France in Eighteen Hundred and Two
, pp. 51–5 and 74.
132
. Samuel Romilly,
Memoirs of the Life of Sir Samuel Romilly
, 3 vols (London, 1840), ii. p. 90; James Greig (ed.),
The Farington Diary
, 8 vols (London, 1923), ii. p. 28.
133
. Raimbach,
Memoirs
, 49; John Carr,
The Stranger in France, or A Tour from Devonshire to Paris
(London, 1803), pp. 101, 106–12; Yorke,
France in Eighteen Hundred and Two
, pp. 123–9, 153–8;
The Manuscripts of the Earl of Westmorland
(London, 1885), p. 56. French tourist guides of Paris date back to the seventeenth century. See Natacha Coquery,
Tenir boutique à Paris au XVIIIe siècle: luxe et demi-luxe
(Paris, 2011), pp. 60–78.
134
. Yorke,
France in Eighteen Hundred and Two
, pp. 118–19; Raimbach,
Memoirs
, p. 69.
135
. Muriel E.
Chamberlain,
Lord Aberdeen: A Political Biography
(London, 1983), p. 32.
136
. Greig (ed.),
The Farington Diary
, ii. p. 7. On other English encounters with Bonaparte see: Beata Frances and Eliza Kenny (eds),
The Francis Letters, by Sir Philip Francis and Other Members of the Family
, 2 vols (London, 1908), ii. pp. 502–3 (14 August 1802); Theresa Lewis (ed.),
Extracts of the journals and correspondence of Miss Berry, from the year 1783 to 1852
, 3 vols (London, 1866), ii. pp. 163–5; Anne Plumptre,
A Narrative of a Three Years Residence in France
, 3 vols (London, 1810), i. pp. 109–10.
137
. Romilly,
Memoirs
, ii. p. 90.
138
. Greig (ed.),
The Farington Diary
, ii. p. 54.
139
. On the meeting between the two men see Grainger,
The
Amiens Truce
, pp. 94–5; John Bernard Trotter,
Memoirs of the latter years of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox
(London, 1811), pp. 258–74; Earl of Ilchester,
Journal of Elizabeth Lady Holland
, 2 vols (London, 1908), ii. p. 150; Christopher Hobhouse,
Fox
(London, 1947), pp. 279–82; L. G. Mitchell,
Charles James Fox
(Harmondsworth, 1997), pp. 174–6 and 200.
140
. Hobhouse,
Fox
, p. 283.
141
. Castalia Countess Granville (ed.),
Lord Granville Leveson Gower: Private Correspondence, 1781–1821
, 2 vols (London, 1916), i. pp. 353–4.
142
. Mitchell,
Charles James Fox
, p. 175.
143
. Cited in Johnson, ‘Amiens 1802’, p. 25.
144
. Cited in Earl of Ilchester,
The Home of the Hollands, 1605–1820
(London, 1937), p. 188.
5: The Politics of Fusion
1 . | François-René de Chateaubriand, Mémoires d’outre-tombe (Paris, 1997), i. pp. 755–6. |
2 . | Cited in Cabanis, Le sacre de Napoléon , p. 77. |
3 . | The Kaiser said the same thing to Germans on the outbreak of war in 1914 (my thanks to Peter Hempenstall for pointing this out). Cited in Cabanis, Le sacre de Napoléon , p. 50. The circular was dated 21 ventôse an VIII (13 March 1800). The sentiment was later echoed by the tribune Nicolas Parent-Réal on 3 September 1800 (in Archives parlementaires: recueil complet des débats législatifs et politiques des chambres française de 1800 à 1860 , 2e série, 127 vols (Paris, 1862–1913), ii. p. 702). |
4 . | Jean Vidalenc, Les émigrés français: 1789–1825 (Caen, 1963), pp. 52–5, 115–36; Thierry Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , 4 vols (Paris, 2002–10), iii. p. 623. |
5 . | John Dunne, ‘Quantifier l’émigration des nobles pendant la Révolution française: problèmes et perspectives’, in Martin (ed.), La Contre-Revolution en Europe , pp. 133–41. |
6 . | Lentz, Grand Consulat , p. 331; William Doyle, Aristocracy and its Enemies in the Age of Revolution (Oxford, 2009), pp. 311–14. |
7 . | Kale, French Salons , p. 78. |
8 . | For this, Louis Madelin, Fouché, 1759–1820 , 2 vols (Paris, 1903), i. pp. 296–301, 311–13; Vidalenc, Les émigrés français , pp. 52–6; Emmanuel de Waresquiel, ‘Joseph Fouché et la question de l’amnistie des émigrés (1799–1802)’, Annales historiques de la Révolution française , 372 (2013); 105–20. |
9 . | Le Diplomate , 19 and 24 nivôse an VIII (9 and 14 January 1800). He adopted this line of thinking in a letter to General Beurnonville, French minister plenipotentiary in Berlin, in October 1800 (see Henri Forneron, Histoire générale des émigrés pendant la Révolution française , 3 vols (Paris, 1884–90), ii. pp. 386–7). |
10 . | See Madelin, Fouché , i. pp. 345–51. |
11 . | Lentz, Grand Consulat , p. 334. |
12 . | Ghislain de Diesbach, Histoire de l’émigration, 1789–1814 (Paris, 1984), pp. 532–42. |
13 . | Ange-Achille-Charles de Brunet, comte de Neuilly, Dix années d’émigration: souvenirs et correspondance du comte de Neuilly (Paris, 1863), p. 326. |
14 . | See, for example, Aulard, Paris sous le Consulat , i. p. 303; ii. p. 51; Madelin, Fouché , i. p. 346; Brown, Ending the French Revolution , pp. 344–5. |
15 . | Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York, 1990), pp. 586–8; Doyle, Aristocracy and its Enemies , pp. 274–310. |
16 . | Aulard, Paris sous le Consulat , ii. pp. 836, 839, 845, 848. |
17 . | Report from the prefecture of police, in Aulard, Paris sous le Consulat , iii. p. 17 (27 April 1802). |
18 . | Olivier Paradis, ‘De la difficulté à vivre ses choix politiques: les jeunes officiers de l’armée, du service du roi à celui de l’empereur’, in Annie Crépin, Jean-Pierre Jessenne and Hervé Leuwers, Civils, citoyens-soldats et militaires dans l’Etat-Nation (Paris, 2006), pp. 141–4. |
19 . | Aulard, Paris sous le Consulat , ii. pp. 62–3 (13 December 1800). |