Citizen Emperor (189 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 47 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , p. 321. |
| 48 . | Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 300–1. |
| 49 . | Rodolphe Vieillot, Souvenirs d’un prisonnier en Russie pendant les années 1812–1813–1814 (Luneray, 1996), pp. 131–2. |
| 50 . | Alexander M. Martin, ‘Russia and the Legacy of 1812’, in Dominic Lieven (ed.), The Cambridge History of Russia , 3 vols (Cambridge, 2006), ii. p. 156. |
| 51 . | Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , p. 124. |
| 52 . | See Stephen M. Norris, ‘Images of 1812: Ivan Terebenev and the Russian Wartime Lubok ’, National Identities , 7 (2005), 1–21. |
| 53 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , ii. pp. 100–1. |
| 54 . | According to his memoirs, Drujon de Beaulieu, Souvenirs d’un militaire pendant quelques années du règne de Napoléon Bonaparte (Belley, 1831), p. 38; Bernard Reinier Frans Van Vlijmen, Vers la Bérésina (1812), d’après des documents nouveau (Paris, 1908), p. 322. |
| 55 . | Edling, Mémoires , p. 91. |
| 56 . | Oleg Sokolov, ‘La campagne de Russie’, Napoleon Ier , 10 (September–October 2001), 46. |
| 57 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , pp. 132–3, 212; François, Journal , p. 691 (24 November 1812); Bourgeois, Tableau de la campagne de Moscou , p. 139; Caulaincourt, Memoirs , ii. p. 118; Duverger, Mes aventures , p. 16; Pion des Loches, Mes campagnes , p. 310; Zamoyski, 1812 , p. 465. |
| 58 . | François Pils, Journal de marche du Grenadier Pils (1804–1814) (Paris, 1895), pp. 142–3; Louise Fusil, Souvenirs d’une actrice. Mémoires de Louise Fusil (1774–1778) (Paris, n.d.), pp. 283–4. |
| 59 . | Rossetti, Journal , p. 168. |
| 60 . | Lignières, Souvenirs de la Grande Armée , pp. 124–5. |
| 61 . | Van Vlijmen, Vers la Bérésina , pp. 178–228, 322; Heinrich von Brandt, In the Legions of Napoleon: The Memoirs of a Polish Officer in Spain and Russia, 1808–1813 (London, 1999), pp. 248–9. |
| 62 . | Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 393. |
| 63 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , pp. 210–13; Delmarche, Les soirées du grenadier français , pp. 38–40; Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , pp. 131–3; Just-Jean-Etienne Roy, Les Français en Russie, souvenirs de la campagne de 1812 et de deux ans de captivité en Russie (Tours, 1856), pp. 70–1; Chevalier, Souvenirs , pp. 231–7; Suckow, D’Iéna à Moscou , pp. 246–64; Planat de la Faye, Vie de Planat de la Faye , p. 105; Rossetti, Journal , pp. 175–9; Van Vlijmen, Vers la Bérésina , pp. 325–6; Marbot, Mémoires , iii. pp. 199–200; Griois, Mémoires , ii. pp. 155–6. |
| 64 . | A few examples are: Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , pp. 73–7; Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 384–94, from which the River Styx analogy is taken; Vaucorbeil, ‘Mémoires inédits’, 37–8. |
| 65 . | Vaucorbeil, ‘Mémoires inédits’, 37. |
| 66 . | Coignet, Note-Books , p. 235. |
| 67 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 77. |
| 68 . | Zamoyski, 1812 , pp. 479–80; Adams, Napoleon and Russia , p. 397; Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 281, puts the number somewhat higher at between 25,000 and 40,000 losses for Napoleon and almost all his artillery and baggage. |
| 69 . | Caulaincourt, Memoirs , ii. p. 115; Arthur Chuquet (ed.), La campagne de 1812: mémoires du margrave de Bade (Paris, 1912), p. 145; Fain, Manuscrit de mil huit cent douze , ii. pp. 344–7; Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , ii. p. 311. |
| 70 . | Lieven, Russia against Napoleon , p. 282. |
| 71 . | For a discussion of this see Adams, Napoleon and Russia , pp. 398–9. |
| 72 . | Esdaile, Napoleon’s Wars , p. 488. |
| 73 . | According to Drujon de Beaulieu, Souvenirs d’un militaire , pp. 46–7. |
| 74 . | Chevalier, Souvenirs , p. 222. |
| 75 . | Ducque, Journal , p. 60. |
| 76 . | Bangofsky, ‘Les étapes’, 302. |
| 77 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 84; Thirion, Souvenirs militaires , p. 127; Mailly, Mon journal , pp. 112–13; Paixhans, Retraite de Moscou , p. 43; Vaucorbeil, ‘Mémoires inédits’, 38. |
| 78 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 223. |
| 79 . | For cannibalism see Labaume, Relation circonstanciée , pp. 279, 410; Joseph de Maistre, Les carnets du comte Joseph de Maistre (Lyons and Paris, 1923), i. p. 246; Nesselrode, Lettres et papiers , iv. p. 120; Wilson, Private Diary of Travels , i. p. 214; Torrance, ‘Les témoignages des mémorialistes russes’, 26–7. |
| 80 . | See Bourgogne, Mémoires , pp. 62, 78. |
| 81 . | Vionnet de Maringoné, Souvenirs , p. 77. |
| 82 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , pp. 70–1. |
| 83 . | Bourgogne, Mémoires , p. 91. |
| 84 . | Delmarche, Les soirées du grenadier français , pp. 36–7, 40. |
| 85 . | Bellot de Kergorre, Journal , p. 84; Drujon de Beaulieu, Souvenirs d’un militaire , p. 47; Castellane, Journal , i. p. 183 (7 November 1812). |
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