Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (160 page)
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Authors: Timothy Darvill
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colluvium
[Ge].
[Ge].
General term for the accumulations of sediment carried by gravity down hill slopes, including material in the process of down-slope movement on hill sides, material trapped by barriers on hill slopes (included that behind fences, walls, or in lynchets), and deposits that build up at the foot of steep slopes and cliffs, generally in the form of fans and wedges. Old ground surfaces are often sealed beneath deposits of colluvium and can be especially important for archaeological preservation where the mechanisms that have given rise to the liberation of mobile sediments at the top of a slope (e.g. deforestation, cultivation) post-date the active use of the ground surface at the bottom.
colonia
(pl.
coloniae
)
[MC].
(pl.
coloniae
)
[MC].
The Latin name for the highest rank of a Roman chartered town. A
colonia
's inhabitants were Roman citizens who governed themselves according to a constitution modelled on that of Rome itself. In provinces like Britain,
coloniae
were founded by granting land to legionary veterans. In the later Roman period, the title might be awarded as an honour to some particularly important settlement. York, for example, was made a
colonia
, probably in the early 3rd century
ad
in recognition of its pre-eminent position in the north of England.
colonia
's inhabitants were Roman citizens who governed themselves according to a constitution modelled on that of Rome itself. In provinces like Britain,
coloniae
were founded by granting land to legionary veterans. In the later Roman period, the title might be awarded as an honour to some particularly important settlement. York, for example, was made a
colonia
, probably in the early 3rd century
ad
in recognition of its pre-eminent position in the north of England.
colonialism
[Th].
[Th].
The process whereby western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories.
Colonial Phase
[CP].
[CP].
A general term referring to the period
c.
ad 550–900 in North America, being one of the five main cultural-historical stages defined for the archaeology of southwestern parts of the USA. Succeeding the Pioneer Phase and preceding the Sedentary Phase, the Colonial Phase is characterized by the expansion of agriculturalist communities whose origins lay in the Pioneer Phase. Increasingly sophisticated irrigation was developed so that two harvests a year could be taken.
c.
ad 550–900 in North America, being one of the five main cultural-historical stages defined for the archaeology of southwestern parts of the USA. Succeeding the Pioneer Phase and preceding the Sedentary Phase, the Colonial Phase is characterized by the expansion of agriculturalist communities whose origins lay in the Pioneer Phase. Increasingly sophisticated irrigation was developed so that two harvests a year could be taken.
colour chart
[Ge].
[Ge].
colour-coated ware
[De].
[De].
Pottery which has been dipped into a slip rich in iron compounds. The colour of the slip varies (usually red, brown, dark green, or blackish), but is generally darker than the main fabric, and occasionally the surface has a metallic lustre. These wares, although produced earlier, became very popular in the Roman world in the 3rd and 4th centuries
ad
.
ad
.
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