Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (286 page)

Planted towns established during the 8th century
bc
as part of a complex and extensive trading network in the western Mediterranean. The colonies included: Malaga, Hemeroscopeum, Emporion, Massilia, Nicaed, Alatia, Ischia, Paestum, Metapontum, Taras, Sybaris, Croton, Messina, Rhegium, Naxos, Megara, Syracuse, Gela, and Acragas.

 
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Period
c.
1100–800 bc. See
DARK AGES
.

 
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Communal space, often within a village, subject to regulated or stinted grazing rights which belonged to the inhabitants, especially if they had a property fronting on to it. Only community buildings such as the church or smithy could be erected on the green and the village stocks and public well might also be found there. Village greens seem to have made a comparatively late appearance in the landscape, dating to the 12th century
ad
onwards.

 
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Late Archaic Stage communities occupying the area around the confluence of the Green River and the Ohio River at Evansville, Indiana, in the period
c.
3000–2000 bc. Large stable communities flourished over long periods, building up huge shell middens as a result of exploiting freshwater molluscs. A rich range of vegetable foods were also utilized, especially hickory nuts and acorns which could be easily stored. Burials are known. Males were commonly interred with axes, woodworking tools, fish-hooks, awls, and stoneworking punches. Females wore bone beads and were often buried with nutcracking stones. Traded goods were also present, including copper objects from the Lake Superior area. Warfare may have been widespread to judge from the number of burials with evidence of wounds.

 
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Greenwell , William
(1829–1918)
[Bi].

British antiquary whose career as a minor canon of Durham cathedral allowed him to carry out an extensive programme of field investigations, mainly involving the excavation of barrows in England. His first barrow opening was at Chollerton, Northumberland, in December 1847, after which he went on to examine more than 230 over a period of 40 years or so. Much of his work was published in collaboration with G. Rolleston in
British barrows
(1887, Oxford: Clarendon Press).
[Obit.:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London
, 30 (1917–18), 200–4]

 
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Gregory , Tony
(1948–91)
[Bi].

British archaeologist well known for popularizing archaeology for children and for work liaising with metal-detector users. Born in Stapleford, Nottinghamshire, he attended the local grammar school before going up to Peterhouse, Cambridge, to study archaeology. After graduating he joined the Norwich Castle Museum and from there went to the Norfolk Archaeological Unit where he spent most of his career. Liaison with the public was one of his main tasks and while working with metal-detector users he managed to recover the Thetford Treasure after it had been hidden by the original finder. His many television programmes included the highly successful children's series
Now, Then
.
[Obit.:
The Times
, 1 July 1991]

 
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