Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology (327 page)
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Authors: Timothy Darvill
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Iceni
[CP].
[CP].
Late Iron Age tribe living in East Anglia and the borders of the Fens in the east of England. During the 1st century
bc
they minted their own coins and traded widely with their neighbours the
TRINOVANTES
and
CATUVELLAUNI
to the south. Little is known about their settlements, and their capital has not been identified. The ruling elite was, however, wealthy, and displayed it in the form of gold and electrum torcs and arm-rings. Horse harness and chariot fittings are also of high quality. At the time of the Roman conquest they were in alliance with the Romans, but shortly afterwards they revolted under their energetic and successful war leader Queen
BOUDICCA
.
bc
they minted their own coins and traded widely with their neighbours the
TRINOVANTES
and
CATUVELLAUNI
to the south. Little is known about their settlements, and their capital has not been identified. The ruling elite was, however, wealthy, and displayed it in the form of gold and electrum torcs and arm-rings. Horse harness and chariot fittings are also of high quality. At the time of the Roman conquest they were in alliance with the Romans, but shortly afterwards they revolted under their energetic and successful war leader Queen
BOUDICCA
.
ICOMOS
[Ab].
[Ab].
icon
[Ar].
[Ar].
A kind of portrait of a sacred person with a formal pose and exaggerated spiritual expression which spread through the Christian world from the mid 6th century
ad
onwards. Usually icons are painted on wood and housed in jewelled and highly ornate mounts. Some became so powerful as objects of devotion as to cause a rift in the Christian church, known as the iconoclastic dispute, where icons were banned in the Byzantine empire from ad 726, although the Latin church continued to allow their use. They remain a central component of the material culture of the Orthodox church.
ad
onwards. Usually icons are painted on wood and housed in jewelled and highly ornate mounts. Some became so powerful as objects of devotion as to cause a rift in the Christian church, known as the iconoclastic dispute, where icons were banned in the Byzantine empire from ad 726, although the Latin church continued to allow their use. They remain a central component of the material culture of the Orthodox church.
iconography
[De].
[De].
A system of illustrations, usually of a symbolic and metaphorical nature, concerning a particular subject.
iconostatis
[Co].
[Co].
The tall continuous screen in an Orthodox church which cuts off the sanctuary with the altar from the nave, and usually from the sight of the people, until the central door is opened at the crisis of the Eucharist: icons of Our Lord, the Holy Mother, the patron saint of the church, and of others are set up on the iconostasis, as its name states, and are used as an avenue of worship.
Ida
[Na].
[Na].
English warlord of the mid 5th century
ad
, who settled on the coast of Northumberland,
c.
ad 547, built a fortress on the rock of Bamburgh, and founded the royal House of Bernicia, the northern region of Northumbria, which grew rapidly in power after his death (
c.
ad 559).
ad
, who settled on the coast of Northumberland,
c.
ad 547, built a fortress on the rock of Bamburgh, and founded the royal House of Bernicia, the northern region of Northumbria, which grew rapidly in power after his death (
c.
ad 559).
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